U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the
" " icon, below.
( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )
For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 427
COATING PROCESSES
Class Definition:
A. This is the generic class for applying or obtaining a
coating on a surface. The coating may be hard or soft,
permanent or transitory, supplied solely by extraneous
materials or supplied wholly or in part by the base
material.
B. This is the generic class for impregnating a base by
causing a coating material to extend or penetrate into the
base material, or into the interstices of a porous, cellular
or foraminous material. (1) Throughout this class the term
"base" or "substrate" refers to the surface upon which a
coating is formed except in those instances in which a
surface has been previously coated and a second coating is
applied, in which case the initial surface is considered the
base or substrate. In the case of laminated products the
base or substrate is the surface upon which the coating is
directly applied. (2) Throughout this class, the term
"coating" is used in the generic sense to include both
surface coating and impregnation.
C. This class also takes preparatory treatments of the base
material, subsequent treatments of the coated base material
and other ancillary noncoating operations claimed, per se,
processes limited to etching for making a base more
compatible with, or adherent to, the coating wherein the base
is the substrate (work) onto which a coating is applied are
included, when there is no class which specifically provides
therefor.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
NONSIGNIFICANT COATING PROCESSES
A. A patent containing a claim to a coating composition or
compound, which claim is, per se, classified in Classes 106,
252, 260, 423, and 520, and also a claim to a nonsignificant
process of utilizing the claimed compound or composition to
coat a substrate, is classified with the claimed compound or
composition. The following guide lines are used to determine
if a process step is significant.
1. Any pretreatment or post-treatment of a base or applied
coating is a significant process step; processes limited to
etching or making a base more compatible with, or adherent
to, the coating wherein the base is the substrate (work) onto
which a coating is applied are included, e.g., curing,
drying, or smoothing a coating, or cleaning or drying a
base.
2. A specific recitation of how the coating is applied; e.g.,
brushing, dipping, spraying, immersion, etc., is significant.
General statements of applying, covering, or coating, etc.
are not significant.
3. Processes resulting in plural coatings are considered
significant.
4. A process resulting in a coating having a specific
thickness or lack of uniformity is considered significant.
5. Specific recitation as to the condition of a coating being
applied is generally significant except: (a) A condition also
included in an independent composition claim, e.g., pH
concentration, etc., is not significant. (b) Statements that
a coating material is molten or in an organic, inorganic, or
aqueous solution is not significant unless accompanied by a
recitation of specific times or temperatures or chemically
defined solvents.
6. Structural limitations regarding the base to which the
coating is applied are considered to render the process
significant if the product produced is not classified in
Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles.
B. Patents containing only claims to a process of coating a
substrate wherein no significant process steps are recited,
are classified in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous
Articles, according to the product produced by the process.
1. Guidelines for use in determining if a process is
significant are the same as set out under "A" note above.
Note especially the reference to structural limitations of
the base being coated.
C. Patents containing (1) a claim to a compound or
composition classifiable in Classes 106, 252, 260, 423, and
520 (2) a coated product claim which, per se, does not have
significant structure for Class 428 and (3) a claim to a
significant process which is, per se, classifiable in Class
427 is classified as an original in Class 428.
CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES
Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se,
are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations
set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the
encapsulant and encapsulate. For example, a clathrate of
urea and hydrogen peroxide is classified in Class 564,
subclass 32, urea and an organic compound in Class 564,
subclass 1.5, dextran and iodine in Class 536, subclass 112,
etc. Where a patent does not state that a material is either
a clathrate or an intercalate, the assumption is made that
the material is either a coated or encapsulated product
classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+.
References to Other Classes, below, contain the following
areas:
Coating Processes Classified Elsewhere, including Bleaching,
Dyeing, Chemical Modification of Textiles and paper, Certain
Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles. And Hazardous or Toxic
Waste Product in Coating Processes
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers for: Dyeing--Class 8
takes dyeing in general and combined processes of dyeing and
coating in any sequence. The application of a colored
solidifiable coating to a surface is classified in this class
(427). Class 427 takes the coating of a dyed article except
where the coating is a mordant or fixing agent, a weighting
agent for a textile or is reacted with a textile base to
chemically modify the same. Treatments of textiles which are
ancillary to or closely associated with dyeing such as, for
example, mordanting, weighting, and fastness improving are
also included in Class 8. Bleaching --Class 8 takes bleaching
in general, however, the bleaching of a base preparatory to
the application of a coating or impregnating composition is
in Class 427. Where the coating or impregnant is merely
employed as a mask to delineate areas to be bleached or for
stabilizing or improving the whiteness of the treated
material, the process belongs in Class 8. Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Paper.--Class 8, Particularly
115.51 takes reactive fluid treatments of textile materials
and paper where there is chemical modification of the textile
or paper base, even though combined with a coating operation
with, per se, is classifiable in this class (427). Chemical
and Fluid Treatment of Hides, Skins, and Leather.--Class 8,
subclasses 94.1+ takes the treatment of hides, skins,
feathers, and animal tissues not elsewhere provided for. For
the line between this class and Class 8, in regard to such
treatment, see the reference to Class 427 under "Search
Class" in the notes to the definition of Class 8, subclass
94.1. Certain Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles.--Class 8
also takes special fluid treatments, namely, weighting
mordanting, carroting, swelling or plasticizing artificial
fibers, protection of textiles against the deleterious effect
of agents used in the processes provided for in Class 8 and
cleaning or laundering of textiles and fibers. (Coating
Processes Classified Elsewhere)
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses,
particularly subclass 169, 178+, 261, and 265+ for
combinations of fluid treatments and significant textile
operations. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
29, Metal Working, provides for processes of making articles
where the process includes a metal working operation and a
coating operation, and is not provided for by Class 72, Metal
Deforming. 17.2 of Class 29 provides for processes of
making thin sheet metal and metal foil where the process of
manufacture includes coating a form or base with metal and
then removing the material of the form or base from the
coating; subclasses 400.1+ particularly subclasses 527.1+
provides for processes for manufacture of miscellaneous
articles where the process includes a coating and a metal
working operation; subclass 424 contains processes of coating
a base with a protective layer, treating or shaping the
coated base, and then removing the coating; subclass 458
provides for processes of assembling and/or joining preceded
by a coating step, and subclass 460 contains processes
followed by a coating step. (Named Fluid Treatments of
Textiles)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 307
for processes of drying wherein the object being dried is
shielded by a coating, partial or complete, to retard the
drying process. For the line between Classes 34 and 427, see
the note to the main class definition of Class 34. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for a process of coating which is peculiar to abrasive tool
making. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclass 362
for processes including coating in combination with the
operations provided for in that class. (Named Fluid
Treatments of Textiles)
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses, especially
45 for glass molding combined with a coating step. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 46 and 47 for processes of
plastic deformation of a metal workpiece including a coating
step. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, etc.,
subclass 332 for processes of producing solid particulate
free metal directly from liquid metal (e.g., liquid
comminuting, etc.) with subsequent coating of the particles.
(Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
86, Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclass 19 for
coating processes peculiar to the treatment or preparation of
ammunition and explosive devices. (Named Fluid Treatments of
Textiles)
101, Printing, for processes of printing and stenciling,
except those processes utilizing a particular composition
wherein the mere fact of printing or stenciling is stated,
which are classified in this class (427). Processes which
include specific manipulation of the stencils or the use of
specific stencils are in Class 101, Printing, subclass 129.
See the Search Class 101 note under subclass 144 of this
class. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for
growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of
materials and by all techniques, including epitaxy. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
144, Woodworking, 329 for a process of coating wood combined
with woodworking operations. (Named Fluid Treatments of
Textiles)
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 206 for processes of
coating a metal substrate with an external source of carbon,
nitrogen, or both resulting in a coating that contains a
combination of the carbon or nitrogen or both with a
component from the metal substrate. Class 148, also, takes
as original processes of treating a metal substrate with an
agent other than a carbon or nitrogen containing agent to
form a coating on the metal by combination of the external
agent with a component of the metal substrate, other than by
a Class 204 operation. Combinations of coating operations
with a process of heat treatment to modify or maintain the
internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or
chemical property of metal, goes to Class 148 as original,
unless metal casting, fusion bonding, machining, or working
is involved. If metal casting, fusion bonding, machining, or
working is involved in the combination, placement goes to
Class 148 only if the heat treatment is a significant heat
treatment as defined in section III, A, of the Class 148
definition. Since diffusion may be involved in a coating
operation of metal and diffusion involves the microstructure
of metal, per se, coating operations (i.e., other than
reactive coating operations) go as originals in Class 427 if
the specified diffusion occurs during the coating step.
However, a heat treatment step of the solid metal,
independent of the coating step which causes diffusion to
affect the microstructure of the metal goes as original to
Class 148. See particularly, subclasses 516+ of Class 148
for combinations of coating with Class 148 operations. Class
427 takes simultaneous ion implantation and diffusion as
proper for Class 427 if coating is present. However,
inclusion of a separate step which by itself would be
classifiable in Class 148 is enough to place the combination
in Class 148. Moreover, a combination of a metal working
step proper for one of the metal working classes and ion
implantation for coating purposes will be proper for Class
148. See particularly subclass 239 of Class 148 for ion
implantation of a metal substrate according to these
distinctions. When limited to coating, per se, claims to
coating by either reactive coating as in Class 148 or a
coating process of Class 427 reside as original in the
generic Class 427. If there is a combined coating operation
involving reactive coating (other than carburizing or
nitriding) and an electro coating operation, that combination
goes to Class 204. However, if an additional operation which
by itself would be classifiable in Class 148 is included in
the combination with reactive coating of Class 148 and Class
204, electrocoating, this will go to Class 148. Reactive
coating for Class 148 occurs on the metal substrate and not
externally thereof. Thus, Class 427 provides for coating a
metal substrate with a resin composition in an immersion bath
wherein metal ions leaching from the metal substrate enter
the immersion medium and react or complex externally of the
metal substrate to deposit a coating containing an element
from the metal substrate. (Named Fluid Treatments of
Textiles)
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, 3 for
processes of making explosives combined with a coating
operation as well as patents for processes of coating, per
se, of an explosive or with an explosive coating. Patents
directed to coating of an explosive to merely protect or to
completely desensitize it are in Class 427. (Named Fluid
Treatments of Textiles)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
particularly 278 for laminating processes combined with a
coating step. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, particularly 158 for
processes of applying a coating material to a web deposited
from a liquid fibrous suspension prior to the final drying of
the web, and subclasses 135+ for paper making combined with
coating after ultimate drying. (Named Fluid Treatments of
Textiles)
164, Metal Founding, subclass 14 for processes of making a
mold and subsequently coating the mold, subclasses 72+ for
metal casting processes including the coating of a mold
surface with a treating agent, and subclass 75 for processes
of coating a preformed workpiece prior to compositing by
metal casting. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
166, Wells, 285 for processes of cementing a well. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 155 for a
process of coating involving chemical preparation of a
compound or element by application to a base of electrical or
wave energy in a magnetic field (but without involving
electrolysis as provided for in Class 205), where said base
supplies a part or all of the coating (e.g., by conversion at
the surface, etc.); subclasses 164+ for a process of coating
involving chemical preparation of a compound or element by
application of an electrostatic field or electrical discharge
to a base which supplies a part or all of the coating;
subclasses 471+ for a process of coating by electrophoresis
or electro-osmosis; and subclasses 192.12+ for coating by
glow discharge deposition (e.g., cathode sputtering, etc.).
See the subclass 450 (1) Note for the definition of
"electrophoresis" as used in Class 204. All combinations of
plural coating methods (except in cases where electrolysis is
involved) in which at least one coated layer is formed by
electrophoresis, electro-osmosis, or cathode sputtering are
classified in Class 204. A patent with a claim to a coating
process classifiable in Class 427 and a claim to a coating
process classifiable in Class 204 will be placed as an
original in Class 427 and cross-referenced to Class 204.
(Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 80 for electrolytic
coating processes and subclasses 183+, 188+, 191+, and 198+
for processes involving plural coating steps, at least one
but not all of which is electrolytic. Combinations of
preparatory electrolytic processes, other than coating, with
processes of coating falling within the scope of Class 427
are classified in Class 427. A patent with a claim to a
coating process classifiable in Class 427 and a claim to a
coating process classifiable in Class 205 will be placed as
an original in Class 427 and cross-referenced to Class 205.
(Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 47-70, for processes of separating components of a
mixture of solids by coating some of the components with a
material. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 777 for a separating
process employing a precoat or filter aid. (Named Fluid
Treatments of Textiles)
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, appropriate subclasses
for etching combined with a coating process where the etching
is a manufacturing step and is not intended to improve the
adherence of the applied coating to the substrate. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 101 provides for the process of
coating a base and then treating the coated base, as by
rolling or forging, to effect or improve the bond between the
base and coating; subclasses 101+ also provides for
soldering, brazing or welding independent self-sustaining
parts together; and see particularly subclasses 208+ for
bonding involving precoating with a bond facilitating metal.
(Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate process subclasses for comminution combined with
prior coating operations. (Named Fluid Treatments of
Textiles)
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 18, 370+, 520+, and
550+ for a winding or unwinding device adapted to move an
elongated material relative to an unclaimed coating station,
and subclasses 18+ and 520 for winding with a nominal wetting
station that may temporarily cause windings to remain in
position in a coil. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes of molding
or shaping combined with coating. For a detailed line
between this class and Class 264, see the class definitions
of Class 264 and the notes in subclass 129 of 264. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
283, Printed Matter, for processes of making fraud preventing
printed matter or blanks therefor which include more than a
coating process. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
399, Electrophotography, subclass 57 for liquid control
developing, subclasses 58+ for concentration control of
developing material, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses
246+ for sprayed liquid developing, subclass 248 for
immersion, and subclasses 265+ for application of dry
developing. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, for processes of
building roads or pavements combined with a coating step.
(Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclass for a process of applying a composition
of that class to an animal (including human) body. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, for processes of coating involving food and see the
notes thereto for a detailed line between the classes. (Named
Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, for: a. Processes of coating a base with a
radiation sensitive material for the purpose of imaging by
subsequent exposure to radiation. b. Applying a nonradiation
sensitive coating to a radiation sensitive surface wherein
the radiation sensitive surface is intended to be used in
imaging when exposed to radiation. c. Processes of perfecting
or protecting previously exposed images by a coating
operation. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for
processes having a significant or nonsignificant coating step
and otherwise proper for the class; see 4 for processes of
making measurement or test compositions, strips, or films;
and for compositions for preparing micro-organisms, cells or
tissues for microscopic examination and processes of applying
said compositions to the micro-organisms, cells, or tissues
to be examined subclasses 174+ for processes of making
carrier-bound or immobilized enzyme or microbial cell, such
as within a polymer or gel or absorbed on a resin; subclasses
183+ for methods of making a modified or stabilized enzyme or
composition thereof (other than immobilized); and subclasses
243+ for methods of making a composition containing a
micro-organism. When there are only generic claims and
multiply disclosed species or when there are equally
comprehensive species claims and when the species are
classifiable in Class 427 and in Class 435, placement of the
original is in Class 435 with appropriate cross-references to
Class 427. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, 1 and 60+ for method and apparatus for
manufacturing electric lamp and electric space discharge
devices. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product
or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst
or sorbent, per se, or a process of making such a composition
which may include a coating step. (Named Fluid Treatments of
Textiles)
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, 300 for processes of producing high temperature
(T[subscrpt]c [end subscrpt]> 30 K) superconductors,
particularly subclasses 434, 446+, 452, or 470+. (Named Fluid
Treatments of Textiles)
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, 249
for a coating or a covering process to contain hazardous or
toxic waste. (Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles)
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses for the destruction or containment of
hazardous or toxic waste. (Hazardous or Toxic Waste Product
in Coating Processes)
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes of taking prints, impressions or patterns of human
or other animal skin surfaces wherein the body member, per
se, is the printing device or of making body member prints
visible.
(1) Note. This subclass takes processes of making
fingerprints, footprints, noseprints, etc., usually for the
purpose of identification.
Subclass:
2.1
MEDICAL OR DENTAL PURPOSE PRODUCT; PARTS; SUBCOMBINATIONS;
INTERMEDIATES (E.G., BALLOON CATHETER, SPLINT):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the product is intended to be used for a
medical or dental purpose, other than coating a living body,
parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or
therefor.
(1) Note. Subject to the limitations and caveats of Class
427 definition, subject matter proper for this and indented
subclasses includes the following:
(a) processes which make a medical or dental product and
which product is proper for placement in, or which product is
intended for use in a process proper for placement in, Class
128 (including Classes 600, 602, 604, and 606), Class 424,
Class 433, or Class 623;
(b) other processes which make a product which is intended
for, or which is intended for use in a process having, a
clearly medical or dental use. For example, an in vitro
diagnostic testing process or product (e.g., for bodily
fluids) such as a test color-change strip or an immunoassay
device, surgical gloves, gowns, or other apparel. See the
Search Class notes below.
(2) Note. Coating of articles (not otherwise satisfying the
definition of medical or dental products) are not proper
herein when the coating is a biocide intended to preserve or
protect the article; such is classified elsewhere in Class
427 if significant coating is claimed, and otherwise is
classified according to the article or composition preserved
or protected.
(3) Note. Coating a living body is not proper for Class
427; see Search Class notes hereinbelow that reference this
note.
(4) Note. Search various appropriate subclasses elsewhere
in Class 427 for significant coating of cosmetics, biocides,
or other nonmedical, nondental compositions of Class 424.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for coating processes relating to optical lenses not
intended to be implanted, such as corrective or contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, for garments such as surgical gloves, gowns,
masks, etc.
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, for processes of dyeing,
bleaching, chemical modification of textiles and paper, or
chemical and fluid treatment of hides, skins, and leather.
See Class 427 definition for elaboration of the class line.
36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings, appropriate subclasses for
foot coverings and foot devices; see 140 for orthopedics.
128, Surgery, for (A) methods of treatment of the living
body, (B) apparatus used in the inspection and treatment of
diseases, wounds, and other abnormal conditions of the bodies
of animals, including articles and stock-materials directed
to products when (1) solely disclosed to be worn by or
attached to the body (e.g., sanitary napkin, diaper) and to
be a receptor for a body discharge, (2) solely disclosed as a
shield or protective device to be worn on, or attached to, a
body member or part (e.g., bandage, dressing) and having a
therapeutic use, or (3) disclosed as having a Class 128
utility of (1) or (2) or in the class definition and a
general utility for Class 428, but in which one claim is
specific to the Class 128 disclosed use, and (C) methods and
means for manufacturing surgical appliances not classified
elsewhere. (see the (3) Note above)
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, for staffs, crutches,
stilts, etc., used as aids to walking but not adapted to be
secured to the limbs.
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting, 41
for spectacles and eyeglasses as aids to vision, and
subclasses 160+ for removable contact lens having specific
optical characteristics for its use.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for chemical
apparatus which may have an in vitro medical use such as 50
for analyzer, indicator, or lab device (subclasses 55+ for
structured visual or optical indicators such as test papers,
strips, or columns).
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for:
compositions (A) for preventing, alleviating, treating, or
curing abnormal and pathological conditions of the living
body, for maintaining, increasing, decreasing, limiting, or
destroying a physiologic body function, for diagnosing a
physiological condition or state by an in vivo test, for
controlling or protecting an environment or living body by
attracting, disabling, inhibiting, killing, modifying,
repelling, or retarding an animal or micro-organism, (B) for
deodorizing, protecting, adorning, or grooming a body, (C)
for fermentates and extracts for use in A or B and not
elsewhere provided for, and (D) such compositions defined in
terms of specific structure; methods of making the above
compositions; methods of using the class-defined compositions
for purposes in A and B; and methods of using per se
compounds for purposes in A and B. Especially see 400 for a
composition defined in terms of specific structure having a
utility for Class 424 and the methods of making which involve
nonsignificant coating. (see the (3) Note above)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for therein
defined stock-materials (i.e., materials having no
significant structure) of the subject matter of Class 433 or
Class 623.
433, Dentistry, for methods, apparatus, implements, and
devices relating to the treatment of teeth or gums or the
replacement of teeth, or for methods normally performed by a
dentist. See subclass 217.1 for coating of natural teeth
with adhesive or treating agent in the patient. Class 433
provides for the articles while Class 428 provides for the
stock-materials. (see the (3) Note above)
434, Education and Demonstration, for apparatus and processes
not elsewhere classifiable for providing instruction about a
subject; or for means for displaying for purposes of
comparison, contrast, or demonstration; or for demonstrating
characteristics and advantages of apparatus, objects, or
processes. Particularly, see 262 for class subject matter
relating to human anatomy or physiology, to treatment of the
human body to cure some disease or disorder, or to a cutting
operation on the human body to correct some improper
condition, and subclasses 295+ for class subject matter
relating to organisms and vital processes or to the
preparation, stuffing, and mounting of animal skins.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for
processes having a significant or nonsignificant coating step
and otherwise proper for the class; see 4 for processes of
making measurement or test compositions, strips, or films;
and for compositions for preparing micro-organisms, cells or
tissues for microscopic examination and processes of applying
said compositions to the micro-organisms, cells, or tissues
to be examined subclasses 174+ for processes of making
carrier-bound or immobilized enzyme or microbial cell such as
within a polymer or gel or absorbed on a resin; subclasses
183+ for methods of making a modified or stabilized enzyme or
composition thereof (other than immobilized); and subclasses
243+ for methods of making a composition containing a
micro-organism. When there are only generic claims and
multiply disclosed species or when there are equally
comprehensive species claims and the species are classifiable
in Class 427 and in Class 435, placement of the original is
in Class 435 with appropriate cross-references to Class 427.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for in
vitro processes of testing involving a chemical reaction or
an immunological binding interaction (including those which
may be medical or dental).
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for solid polymer
containing compositions or process of preparing; see subclass
103 for compositions which have reduced health risks upon
exposure thereto during incidental handling or body contact,
such as a coating composition containing a bitter tasting
component or a composition which reduces carcinogenicity
(e.g., coating composition of carbon black); and subclasses
105+ for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing,
which is specifically intended for contact with living animal
tissue (other than apparel), such as surgical related
composition (e.g., suture, catheter, dilator), prosthesis
composition, contact lens making composition, surgical tape
adhesive composition, nonthrombogenic plastics composition
(e.g., for making blood pouches, tubes, catheters),
composition for use as tooth or bone replacement,
restorative, or implant, or composition for dental or denture
devices.
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, cross-reference art
collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type within the
Class 520 series which is intended for use in replacing or
restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found
in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic
hair or skin and contact lenses. (Note that polymers which
are a part of a composition are found in Class 523).
600, Surgery, for miscellaneous Class 128 subject matter; see
1 for radioactive substance applied to body for therapy;
subclasses 9+ for magnetic field applied to body for therapy;
subclasses 16+ for heart augmentation; subclasses 19+ for
antigravitation systems; subclasses 21+ for isolation
treatment chamber; subclasses 23+ for speech correction;
subclass 25 for surgically implanted vibratory hearing aid;
subclasses 26+ for sleep or relaxation inducing therapy;
subclasses 29+ for body inserted urinary or colonic
incontinence; subclass 36 for blood vessels or grafts;
subclass 37 for internal organ support or sling; and
subclasses 38+ for substituting for or enhancing human
copulation.
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, for Class 128
subject matter relating to orthopedic bandages or to injury
or wound bandages.
604, Surgery, for body treating and medicating methods and
apparatus which includes the application, storing,
collecting, introduction, or removal of materials from the
body, including (1) medicators such as dosing device,
hypodermic injector, syringe, depositor, or applicator,
container, pump, or valve and (2) receptors such as
aspirator, lacteal device, catamenial, diaper, absorbent pad,
or material.
606, Surgery, for Class 128 subject matter relating to
devices or appliances for use in operative surgery upon the
body, or in preparation for operative surgery, or for devices
designed to assist in operative surgery.
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, for artificial
substitutes or parts for a human body particularly
manufactured or adapted to replace (completely or partially)
or assist a missing or defective natural body member, or part
thereof, for functional or cosmetic reasons. Class 623
provides for the articles (significant structure), while
Class 428 provides for the stock-materials (i.e., articles in
name only).
Subclass:
2.11
Analysis, diagnosis, measuring, or testing product (e.g.,
specimen preparation, microscope slide smearing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Processes in
which the product is intended to be subjected to or is
intended to be used in analysis, diagnosis, measuring, or
testing, which may be in vivo or in vitro; parts,
subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, for apparatus used in the inspection and
treatment of diseases, wounds, and other abnormal conditions
of the bodies of animals and methods and means for
manufacturing surgical appliances not classified elsewhere.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 244 for sample,
specimen, or standard holder or support (e.g., plate or
slide) intended for optical inspection, measuring, or
testing.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
396 for transparent microscope slide in combination with a
microscope.
Subclass:
2.12
For contacting living body or transfusing bodily fluid (e.g.,
endoscope, electrode, thermometer, probe):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Processes in
which the product is intended to contact the living body or
to contact a transfusing bodily fluid, such as spinal fluid
or blood, in order to accomplish its function; parts,
subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor.
(1) Note. Transfusing bodily fluid is that which is being
handled, processed, and/or maintained with the intent to
return it to a living body.
(2) Note. The living body includes the bodily fluids while
they are in the living body, such as blood, bile, or urine in
the bladder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, for apparatus used in the inspection and
treatment of diseases, wounds, and other abnormal conditions
of the bodies of animals and methods and means for
manufacturing surgical appliances not classified elsewhere.
Subclass:
2.13
Layer formed contains chemical reagent or chemically reacts
with substrate (e.g., cell stain or fix, pH paper,
immobilized antigen):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Processes in
which the layer formed contains or is intended to receive a
chemical reagent which causes or participates in a chemical
reaction in order to accomplish its analysis, diagnosis,
measurement, or test function; parts, subcombinations, or
intermediates thereof or therefor.
(1) Note. A chemical reaction here includes covalent
bonding, ionic bonding, complexing, ion exchange, and ligand
bonding. Not included here are bonds which are no stronger
than hydrogen bonding.
(2) Note. Coating a microscope slide with a stain or with a
specimen to be stained or staining a specimen are proper for
placement here.
(3) Note. Coating with a chemical reagent which does not
primarily participate in an analysis, diagnosis, measurement,
or test function is not proper for placement in this subclass
(on that basis); thus, coating a microscope slide with
heparin would be placed in subclass 2.11.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, and
for compositions for preparing micro-organisms, cells or
tissues for microscopic examination and processes of applying
said compositions to the micro-organisms, cells, or tissues
to be examined.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for
processes having a significant or nonsignificant coating step
and otherwise proper for Class 427; see 4 for processes of
making measurement or test compositions, strips, or films;
subclasses 174+ for processes of making carrier-bond or
immobilized enzyme or microbial cell such as within a polymer
or gel or absorbed on a resin; subclasses 183+ for methods of
making a modified or stabilized enzyme or composition thereof
(other than immobilized); and subclasses 243+ for methods of
making a composition containing a micro-organism. When there
are only generic claims and multiply disclosed species or
when there are equally comprehensive species claims and when
the species are classifiable in Class 427 and in Class 435,
placement of the original is in Class 435 with appropriate
cross-references to Class 427.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for in
vitro processes of analysis involving a chemical reaction or
an immunological binding interaction (including those which
may involve a medical or dental purpose).
Subclass:
2.14
Particulate or unit-dosage-article base (e.g., tablet, pill,
pellet, capsule, liposome, powder, controlled-release
implant, suppository; excluding transdermal patch):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Processes in
which the coating is applied to a base which is a particulate
or a unit-dosage-article and such that the coated product has
a particulate or unit-dosage physical form; excluding
transdermal patch.
(1) Note. A unit-dosage-article is one which is provided as
one or a few discrete, readily and independently handleable
piece or pieces for the intended medical or dental use. Any
of the following terms are prima facie indicative of a
unit-dosage-article: tablet, capsule, dragee, pill, bead.
(2) Note. A particulate is a small solid bit of matter
which typically can be poured like a fluid when handled. Any
of the following terms are prima facie indicative of a
particulate: liposome, powder, microcapsule, granule,
pellet, bead, flake, platelet, particle, grain, microsphere,
granulate.
(3) Note. Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds)
are not proper for placement here. Clathrates and
intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se, are classified
hierarchically and subject to the limitations set forth in
the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant
and encapsulate. See the main definition for Class 427,
section II, LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES, the subsection entitled
CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES, for examples.
(4) Note. Skin patches or transdermal patches are not
considered unit-dosage-articles; see subclass 2.31.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for coating or encapsulating of solid granules, pellets,
beads, flakes, platelets, or other particles en masse;
especially, subclasses 213.3+ for such processes using an
emulsion or dispersion to form a solid-walled microcapsule on
a solid, such as a liposome; when other than a medical or
dental product is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 4.1 for processes using an emulsion or dispersion
to form a solid-walled microcapsule around a liquid, such as
forming a liquid-core liposome.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
class defined compositions, the nominal processes of making,
and the nominal processes of using; see subclass 1.21 for
radionuclide containing liposome; subclass 1.29 for
radionuclide containing coated or impregnated particulate;
and subclasses 400+ for preparations characterized by special
form such as coated (notably, subclass 408 for biocide,
repellant, or attractant in the form of a capsule, pellet, or
tablet; subclass 417 for biocide, repellant, or attractant in
the form of a coated particulate such as a liposome;
subclasses 422+ for implant or insert such as surgical or
suppository; subclasses 439+ for food as carrier for
pharmaceutical such as candy coated; subclass 450 for
liposome form; subclasses 451+ for capsule; subclasses 464+
for tablet, lozenge, or pill such as coated, printed, or
sustained or differential release type; and subclasses 489+
for particulate form such as coated powder, granule, bead,
microcapsule, or pellet).
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 89 for coated food products and subclasses 302+
for processes of surface coating of a solid food with a
liquid.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 402 for
coated grain, granule, or small bit of matter, such as
microcapsule, liposome, or powder. See (1) Note in Class
428, subclass 402 for rules of placement.
Subclass:
2.15
Fluidized bed utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14. Processes in
which a bed or mass of particles or unit-dosage-articles is
maintained in a state of fluidized suspension by passing a
gas or vapor in a generally upward direction through the
particles or unit-dosage-articles.
(1) Note. Coating material may be introduced directly into
the fluidized mass or along with the fluidizing gas or
vapor.
(2) Note. Placement here does not require that the
particles or unit-dosage-articles be coated while in the
fluidizing gas or vapor; they may be coated before entry to
or after exit from the fluidized bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for such processes acting on solid granules, pellets,
beads, flakes, platelets, or other particles when other than
a medical or dental product is produced.
Subclass:
2.16
Retarded or controlled-release layer produced (e.g.,
enteric):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.15. Processes in
which the product is intended to provide retarded (or
delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent
administration (or delivery) of an active ingredient.
(1) Note. Merely providing a product protected for storage
or handling is not included here. For placement here, the
control layer must do more than protect against ambient
conditions or against the conditions of the mouth. Examples
of types of products proper for placement here include the
following: continuous delivery by slow or slowed release;
discontinuous delivery by two or more stages; enteric coating
for protection from stomach conditions for product intended
to be orally administered; sustained or differential release
implant or insert such as a suppository.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.19 for similar subject matter involving an en masse
rotating means rather than a fluidized bed.
2.21 for similar subject matter not involving either a
fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions which are defined
in terms of specific structure such as coated so that the
active ingredient is released in a retarded (or delayed),
timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent manner; see
422 for implant or insert; subclasses 457+ for sustained or
differential release composition in a capsule; subclasses
468+ for tablet, lozenge, or pill; and subclasses 474+ for
enteric coated medicament.
Subclass:
2.17
Significant color or other intended appearance altering layer
formed (e.g., shining, indicia):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.15. Processes in
which a layer is formed or modified for the disclosed intent
to alter the appearance and which is more than a nominally
recited application of a dye or pigment.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, differential or
non-uniform color application, such as a strip or a printing
of a symbol or a letter, is always significant and,
therefore, proper for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.2 for similar subject matter involving an en masse
rotating means rather than a fluidized bed.
2.23 for similar subject matter not involving either a
fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means.
Subclass:
2.18
En masse rotating means employed (e.g., rotating pan,
tumbling):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14. Processes in
which a bed or mass of particles or unit-dosage-articles is
subjected to rotating means (i.e., rotating means acts en
masse as opposed to acting on a particle or
unit-dosage-article individually) and in which mechanical
contact between the particles or unit-dosage-articles and the
rotating means occurs and contributes to movement.
(1) Note. Processes employing rotating means which create
and/or maintain an emulsion or dispersion or colloid are not
proper for placement here; see subclasses 2.14, 2.21, 2.22,
or 2.23.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for similar processes wherein other than a medical or
dental product is produced.
Subclass:
2.19
Retarded or controlled-release layer produced (e.g.,
enteric):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.18. Processes in
which the product is intended to provide retarded (or
delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent
administration (or delivery) of an active ingredient.
(1) Note. Merely providing a product protected for storage
or handling is not included here. For placement here, the
control layer must do more than protect against ambient
conditions or against the conditions of the mouth. Examples
of types of products proper for placement here include the
following: continuous delivery by slow or slowed release;
discontinuous delivery by two or more stages; enteric coating
for protection from stomach conditions for product intended
to be orally administered; sustained or differential release
implant or insert such as a suppository.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.16 for similar subject matter further involving a
fluidized bed.
2.21 for similar subject matter not involving either a
fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions which are defined
in terms of specific structure such as coated so that the
active ingredient is released in a retarded (or delayed),
timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent manner; see
422 for implant or insert; subclasses 457+ for sustained or
differential release composition in a capsule; subclasses
468+ for tablet, lozenge, or pill; and subclasses 474+ for
enteric coated medicament.
Subclass:
2.2
Significant color or other intended appearance altering layer
formed (e.g., shining, indicia):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.18. Processes in
which a layer is formed or modified for the disclosed intent
to alter the appearance and which is more than a nominally
recited application of a dye or pigment.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, differential or
non-uniform color application, such as a strip or a printing
of a symbol or a letter, is always significant and,
therefore, proper for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.17 for similar subject matter further involving a
fluidized bed.
2.23 for similar subject matter not involving either a
fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means.
Subclass:
2.21
Retarded or controlled-release layer produced (e.g.,
enteric):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14. Processes in
which the product is intended to provide retarded (or
delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent
administration (or delivery) of an active ingredient.
(1) Note. Merely providing a product protected for storage
or handling is not included here. For placement here, the
control layer must do more than protect against ambient
conditions or against the conditions of the mouth. Examples
of types of products proper for placement here include the
following: continuous delivery by slow or slowed release;
discontinuous delivery by two or more stages; enteric coating
for protection from stomach conditions for product intended
to be orally administered; sustained or differential release
implant or insert such as a suppository.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.16 for similar subject matter further involving a
fluidized bed.
2.21 for similar subject matter not involving either a
fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions which are defined
in terms of specific structure, such as coated so that the
active ingredient is released in a retarded (or delayed),
timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent manner; see
422 for implant or insert; subclasses 457+ for sustained or
differential release composition in a capsule; subclasses
468+ for tablet, lozenge, or pill; and subclasses 474+ for
enteric coated medicament.
Subclass:
2.22
Gelatin matrix layer produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14. Processes in
which the formed layer comprises a matrix or continuous phase
of gelatin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.15 for similar subject matter further involving a
fluidized bed.
2.18 for similar subject matter further involving an en
masse rotating means.
Subclass:
2.23
Significant color or other intended appearance altering layer
formed (e.g., shining, indicia):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14. Processes in
which a layer is formed or modified for the disclosed intent
to alter the appearance and which is more than a nominally
recited application of a dye or pigment.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, differential or
non-uniform color application, such as a strip or a printing
of a symbol or a letter, is always significant and,
therefore, proper for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.17 for similar subject matter further involving a
fluidized bed.
2.2 for similar subject matter further involving an en masse
rotating means.
Subclass:
2.24
Implantable permanent prosthesis (i.e., artificial body
member) (e.g., pacemaker, lens, cornea, glaucoma shunt, heart
valve, muscle, spinal disc, breast, internal organ):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Processes in
which the product is an implantable artificial body member or
a part or subcombination thereof, which is intended to
physically replace a missing or defective natural body member
or part by insertion into the body or attachment onto
epidermal tissue in a permanent manner; parts,
subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor.
(1) Note. This subclass and its indents are intended to
provide for all appropriate processes under subclass 2.1
wherein the product would be found in Class 623 and which is
intended to be inserted into the body in a permanent manner,
unless proper for a subclass appearing above this one.
(2) Note. Prosthesis herein means a replacement or
assistant for a missing or defective part of a living body.
(3) Note. Artificial skin intended to remain on the body;
e.g., be absorbed, is placed here.
(4) Note. In the case of generic claims and multiple
disclosed utilities, multiple cross-referencing is required;
for example, coating of a material disclosed for heart valve,
vascular prosthesis, blood bag or IV tubing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.1 for similar subject matter which is not intended to be
permanently implanted; e.g., splint.
2.24 for coating of a material disclosed for heart valve
2.3 blood bag or IV tubing
2.5 vascular prosthesis.
2.29 for similar subject matter relating to dentistry which
is not intended to be permanently implanted.
164 for coating processes relating to optical lenses not
intended to be implanted, such as corrective or contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,
160 for contact lens (i.e., removable) having specific
optical characteristics for its use.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 429 for coated or impregnated contact lens.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for lenses lacking structural limitations (i.e.,
stock-material).
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for solid polymer
containing compositions or process of preparing; see 105 for
nonmedicated composition or process of preparing, which is
specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue
(other than apparel) such as prosthesis composition,
composition for use as tooth or bone replacement,
restorative, or implant.
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, cross-reference art
collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type of the Class
520 series which is intended for use in replacing or
restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found
in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic
hair or skin and contact lenses. (Note that polymers which
are a part of a composition are found in Class 523).
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, 2
for electrical therapeutic systems; e.g., pace maker.
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclass 3 for
corporeal (implantable) artificial heart or aid therefor;
subclasses 4+ for eye protheses structurally limited to the
prosthetic use; subclass 7 for breast prothesis; subclass 8
for implantable breast prothesis; subclass 9 for larynx,
trachea, tracheobronchial, or combination thereof prothesis;
subclass 10 for ear or nose prosthesis; subclass 12 for
implantable hollow or tubular part or organ prothesis;
subclass 13 for implantable ligament or tendon prothesis;
subclass 14 for implantable muscle prothesis such as
sphincter; subclass 15 for implantable hair or skin
prothesis; and cross-reference art collection 901 for
documents relating to a process for making an artificial body
member.
Subclass:
2.25
Liquid conveying (e.g., vascular, arterial, bile duct,
urethra):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.24. Processes in
which the product is intended to replace or assist a missing
or defective vessel, tubular part, duct, or other structure
whose primary function is for conveying bodily liquids (e.g.,
blood, lymph, or bile); parts, subcombinations, or
intermediates thereof or therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.24 for coating processes relating to an internal organ
prosthesis (i.e., a kidney, heart valve, or other structure)
which may convey bodily fluids but whose primary function is
some other type of processing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclass 1 for
arterial blood (circulating) prosthesis and subclass 12 for
hollow or tubular part or organ for conveying body fluids
other than blood.
Subclass:
2.26
For mineralized body part (e.g., bone, tooth, crown, hip):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.24. Processes in
which the product is an implantable prosthesis for a
mineralized body part, such as bone or tooth replacement;
parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or
therefor.
(1) Note. The subject matter here must be, at least in
part, intended to replace or assist a missing or defective
mineralized portion of the body.
(1) Note. The prosthesis itself need not be composed of
mineralized material. Commonly used materials found herein
include metal and synthetic resin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.24 for coating processes relating to implantable
fingernail or toenail or hair prostheses and other
implantable soft tissue, such as implantable eye or vision
related prosthesis, cartilage, ligament, muscle, or internal
organ.
2.29 for coating processes relating to non-permanently
implantable or nonimplantable dental products, such as
denture appliances or temporary orthodontia devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for prostheses
lacking significant structure (i.e., constituting stock
materials).
433, Dentistry, for dental prosthesis or appliance or for
methods normally performed by a dentist, especially 167 for,
per se, dental prosthesis article having significant
structure (i.e., not merely a stock-material); and subclasses
215+ for repairing or treating natural teeth.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for solid polymer
containing compositions or process of preparing; see 105 for
nonmedicated composition or process of preparing, which is
specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue
(other than apparel), such as a prosthesis composition or a
composition for use as tooth or bone replacement,
restorative, or implant.
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, cross-reference art
collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type of the Class
520 series which is intended for use in replacing or
restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found
in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic
hair or skin and contact lenses. (Note that polymers which
are a part of a composition are found in Class 523.)
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclass 10 for
ear or nose prosthesis and subclasses 16+ for implantable
bone prosthesis having significant structure (i.e., other
than merely stock-material).
Subclass:
2.27
Inorganic oxygen-containing compound containing layer formed
(e.g., hydroxyapatite, ceramic, glass):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.26. Processes in
which the layer formed contains an inorganic compound which
contains an oxygen atom; the oxygen being present as an
intended component, not merely as an impurity.
(1) Note. The inorganic oxygen-containing compound
containing layer does not have to comprise a continuous
matrix of the inorganic oxygen-containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, cross-reference art
collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type of the Class
520 series which is intended for use in replacing or
restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found
in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic
hair or skin or contact lenses. (Note that polymers which are
a part of a composition are found in Class 523.)
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclass 10 for
ear or nose prosthesis and subclasses 16+ for implantable
bone prosthesis having significant structure (i.e., other
than merely stock-material).
Subclass:
2.28
Device for creating or holding open an unnatural opening in a
membrane or organ (e.g., syringe, scalpel, drainage tube):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Processes in
which the product is intended to pierce or cut an organ or a
membrane so as to create an opening therein (e.g., invasive
devices) or to hold open a created (i.e., unnatural) opening
in an organ or a membrane; parts, subcombinations, or
intermediates thereof or therefor.
(1) Note. Skin is an organ for purposes of this subclass.
(2) Note. The term catheter has been applied to devices
which serve purposes other than what satisfies this subclass
definition. For coating processes relating to such other
purpose devices, proper classification will usually be in
subclass 2.1, above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
604, Surgery, for body treating and medicating methods and
apparatus which include the application, storing, collecting,
introduction, or removal of materials from the body; 19 for
means for introducing or removing material from the body for
therapeutic purposes; subclasses 317+ for means and methods
for collecting body fluids or waste material; and subclass
403 for container for blood or body treating material or for
means used therewith (e.g., needle for piercing container
closure).
606, Surgery, for Class 128 subject matter relating to
devices or appliances for use in operative surgery upon the
body or in preparation for operative surgery or for devices
designed to assist in operative surgery; 79 for orthopedic
(bone, bonelike material, or cartilage) cutting; subclasses
110+ for tonsil, adenoid, or polyp removing; subclass 166 for
corneal cutter or guide for corneal cutter; subclasses 167+
for cutting, puncturing, or piercing not more hierarchically
placed; subclass 222 for suturing needle; and subclasses 228+
for suture or ligature.
Subclass:
2.29
Dental product (e.g., floss, denture, orthodontia wire):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Processes in
which the product is related to dentistry, including the
treatment of teeth or gums or the replacement of teeth;
parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or
therefor.
(1) Note. The products here may be used by a dentist or by
a non-dentist.
(2) Note. Orthodontics which may be attached to the teeth
are proper for placement here if the intent is impermanence.
Permanent dental prostheses are placed in subclasses 2.24+,
especially subclasses 2.26+ if intended to replace
mineralized portion of the body such as a tooth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.24 for permanent implantable tooth prostheses, especially
subclasses 2.26+ if intended to replace mineralized portion
of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
433, Dentistry, for methods, apparatus, implements, and
devices relating to the treatment of teeth or gums or the
replacement of teeth, or for methods normally performed by a
dentist, especially 2 for orthodontics. Class 433 provides
for the articles while Class 428 provides for the
stock-materials.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for solid polymer
containing compositions or process of preparing, especially
105 for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing,
which is specifically intended for contact with living animal
tissue (other than apparel) such as composition for dental or
denture devices.
Subclass:
2.3
Fluid barrier or fluid transporting product, other than
merely absorbing (e.g., surgical glove, condom, lined diaper,
membrane filter, IV tubing, cannula, dialysis membrane,
urinary catheter):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Processes in
which the product contains a component which is intended to
act as a barrier for a fluid or a fluid portion of a
composition or which is intended to function as a fluid
transporting means, other than a product functioning by
merely sorbing the fluid; parts, subcombinations, or
intermediates thereof or therefor.
(1) Note. The product must be intended to function as
defined, not just be incidentally a fluid barrier, for
example, as might be the case for a simple plaster medical or
surgical cast which may provide some liquid resistance but
which is not formulated for liquid proofing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, for garments such as surgical gloves, gowns,
masks, etc., especially subclass 455 if to protect the
wearer against unusual conditions (subclass 2.5 for
penetration resistant apparel, subclass 9 for face
protection, and subclasses 16+ for hand protection);
subclasses 69+ for body garments (subclasses 93+ for coats
and subclass 161.7 for gloves); and subclass 206 for surgical
mask.
128, Surgery, 830 for female reproductory tract shield and
subclass 844 for male condoms.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for solid polymer
containing compositions or process of preparing, especially
105 for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing,
which is specifically intended for contact with living animal
tissue (other than apparel), such as surgical related
composition (e.g., suture, catheter, dilator), surgical tape
adhesive composition, and nonthrombogenic plastics (e.g., for
making blood pouches, tubes, catheters).
Subclass:
2.31
Flexible web, sheet, film, or filament base (e.g., fabric,
bandage, suture, transdermal patch, orthopedic cast tape):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Processes in
which the product comprises a flexible web, sheet, film, or
filament base; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates
thereof or therefor.
(1) Note. Examples of appropriate subject matter for this
subclass include the following: filament; composed of
multiple threads (cord); woven or unwoven fibrous material
such as paper or gauze; nonporous sheet, foil, or film
material such as metal foil or a synthetic plastic film.
(2) Note. Flexible here means material that a person could
normally fold with unassisted bare hands without destroying
its functionality. Thus, a process which coats a thin metal
foil may be appropriately classified here if it is normally
foldable.
(3) Note. Suture includes a product made of threads, cords,
or filaments which is intended to be used to close a wound or
to tie, bind, or constrict a portion of a body organ.
(4) Note. Methods for making material useful for making a
stiff body wrap, such as an orthopedic cast, are proper for
placement here so long as the material in the claim is
flexible: see subclass 2.3 if there is a liquid barrier
feature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.24 for artificial skin.
2.29 for dental floss.
2.3 for coating processes related to products which may have
a sheet or film base and which are intended to serve as a
fluid barrier or fluid transporting product such as surgical
glove, condom, lined diaper, membrane filter, IV tubing,
cannula, or dialysis membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, for garments such as surgical gloves, gowns,
masks, etc., especially subclass 455 if to protect the
wearer against unusual conditions (subclass 2.5 for
penetration resistant apparel, subclass 9 for face
protection, and subclasses 16+ for hand protection);
subclasses 69+ for body garments (subclasses 93+ for coats
and subclass 161.7 for gloves); and subclass 206 for surgical
mask.
128, Surgery, appropriate subclasses for bandages, body
applicators, or body dressings; see Class 424 definition for
the line between it and Class 128.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 402
for wearing apparel, fabric, or cloth coated or impregnated
with a biocidal or pharmaceutical composition; subclasses
411+ for nominal article comprising a solid carrier or
diluent for a biocide, repellent, or attractant, such as
wrapping, packaging, lining, or building material or a
container (e.g., of, or containing, cellulose); subclasses
414+ for paper or foil comprising a biocide, repellent, or
attractant; and subclasses 443+ for web, sheet, film,
filament, bandage, or dressing bases with a medicament
coating or impregnant. See Class 424 definition for the line
between it and Class 128 for bandages, body applicators, or
body dressings.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for stock
material product in the form of a single or plural layer,
web, or sheet and which contains a biocide; or for an article
not elsewhere provided for comprising a coated or impregnated
base preserved by a composition or compound which has a Class
424 utility (e.g., moth-proofed textile or termite-proofed
wood).
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 105 for
nonmedicated composition of the class or process of
preparing, which is specifically intended for contact with
living animal tissue (other than apparel), such as suture
composition.
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, 41 for means to
prevent injury to a body portion, to protect or cover a wound
upon or under body skin, or to promote healing of an injured
body portion. See Class 424 definitions for the line between
it and Class 128 for bandages, body applicators, or body
dressings.
606, Surgery, for a composition used in sutures where the
claim has either significant structure or a significant
physical property characterizing said suture. The mere use
of the terms "filament" or "fiber" or "suture" is considered
significant structure, and use of numerical indices of
tensile strength, handleability, sterility, density, or
denier are examples of significant characteristic physical
properties proper for Class 128.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a plant member or an animal specimen, near
or in its natural state, is coated.
(1) Note. The intent must be to preserve the member or
specimen near to the way it would be in nature. Coating for
use as clothing or lumber is excluded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.1 for processes in which a medical or dental purpose
product, a part thereof, a subcombination thereof, or an
intermediate thereof, is coated or impregnated, for example,
preparing a biological specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 94.11 for
reactive treatment of biological specimens.
47, Plant Husbandry, for processes of preserving living
plants which are more than a coating operation for this class
(427). Processes of coating living plants with compositions
which do not have any effect upon the growth characteristics
of the plant are classified in this subclass (Class 427,
subclass 4 ).
131, Tobacco, subclass 299 and 300+ for processes of
preserving, disinfecting and sterilizing tobacco.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
coating a living body and read the notes for the line with
this class.
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, subclass
100 for seeds coated with agricultural chemicals other than
fertilizers; e.g., antidotes, plant growth regulators,
fungicides, etc., and subclasses 116.1-367 for processes and
compositions in which the coating material exerts an effect
upon the growth of the plant.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the base or coating contains a radioactive
element or isotope, or a compound thereof.
(1) Note. Elements of atomic number 84 or higher are all
considered radioactive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 517 and 625+ for compositions
containing radioactive material.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein particles are coated en masse (i.e., not
individually) or wherein nuclear fuel elements are coated.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which impart fraud detecting characteristics to the
base, or which make the alteration of indicia which may be
applied thereto detectable even though application of such
indicia is not claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes, subclass 83
for envelopes having sealing flaps containing a dye to
indicate unauthorized tampering.
283, Printed Matter, 72, and indented subclasses, for safety
paper or printed matter having fraud preventing
characteristics wherein there are structural features other
than the coating or impregnant.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include sampling, visually or audibly
inspecting, chemically testing, or otherwise physically or
mechanically determining some variable condition of the
coating.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes for determining
imperfections or for determining completeness of a reaction
or manipulation as well as determinations of undesired
variations. Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures or
pressures are considered nominal where no measurement is made
and are classified with the disclosed process on some other
basis. Merely dispensing the coating material even if
described as metering it out is excluded herefrom since it
does not involve any specific measuring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for fingerprinting.
7 for a coating process which enhances detection of fraud or
tampering.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, for testing, per se.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 64 for testing, measuring and inspecting when
combined with a laminating step.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclasses 40.1-40.7 for testing, measuring and
inspecting when combined with a molding step.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
processes of chemical testing.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes
wherein a determination is made as to the depth or variation
in the depth of a coating on a base.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Processes
wherein an electrical or optical test is used to determine
the coating thickness.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a solid coating material is applied by
moving it relative to and in contact with the base.
(1) Note. The surface of the solid coating material may be
heated to melt said surface making application possible with
less force.
(2) Note. Powder, granules or paste are not considered
solid coating material for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for application of coatings by friction with rumbling or
tumbling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 76 for apparatus for rubbing
transfer of solid coating material onto work.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
230 for processes of transferring a solid coating from a
carrier to a base.
184, Lubrication, for a solid stick lubricant for a named
belt, cable or chain, and subclass 99, for a similar device
adapted to be applied to a bearing.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, 49 for solid
material for rubbing contact having a support or an end or
surface shaped to contact the work.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the formation of a product which has a
claimed or solely disclosed electrical function.
(1) Note. This subclass and indents hereunder provide for
the formation of subcombinations of or incomplete electrical
products, e.g., metal coated paper claimed or solely
disclosed to be used in a condenser, etc.
(2) Note. For classification here the electrical function
of coated product must be direct and not remote, and for
example includes light bulbs but not lamp shades and
telephone insulators but not telephone poles.
(3) Note. Antistatic coating processes, unless the product
formed has an electrical function, are not provided for
here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for formation of electrical products with a radioactive
base or coating.
127 for magnetic base or coating where the article produced
does not include an electrically conductive part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 25.01 and the other classes mentioned in
the search notes thereto for the manufacture of barrier layer
devices. See subclasses 592.1+ for processes of making
various electrical devices by Class 29 operations or by
operations not elsewhere provided for.
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 516 for processes of
coating metal combined with heat treatment of metal to modify
or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e.,
microstructure) or chemical property of metal. See subclasses
206+ of Class 148 for processes of carburizing or nitriding
of metal or subclasses 240+ for processes of producing a
reactive coating on solid metal, the coating being a metal
compound in which an element of the same is furnished by the
metal base. See also section III of the Class 427 definition
and section III, C, of the Class 148 definition. Class 148
contains processes of heat treating thoriated and similarly
coated metal filaments to activate or reduce the coating.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
47 for miscellaneous processes of making electric
conductors, where the process involves more than a coating
operation and no other class provides for the combination of
operations claimed.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 192.1 for
forming electron emissive or conductive coatings by cathode
sputtering. Class 204 also provides for bases provided with
electron emissive or conductive coatings which are defined as
being made by a process coming within the scope of Class 204
except products which comprise two or more contiguous
metallic layers for which see Class 29, Metal Working. Such
coated bases are classified in Class 204 in the subclass
which provides for the process of producing the coated base.
Where the sole disclosure of the patent is that the base is
coated by a Class 204 process, but the base is not claimed as
being coated by a Class 204 process, the patent is classified
in Class 29 or 427. Also, see the reference to Class 204 in
the class definition of this class (427).
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 80 for processes of
forming electron emissive or conductive coatings by
electrolytic coating. Class 205 also provides for bases
provided with electron emissive or conductive coatings which
are defined as being made by a process coming within the
scope of Class 205 except products which comprise two or more
contiguous metallic layers for which see Class 29, Metal
Working. Such coated bases are classified in Class 205 in the
subclass which provides for the process of producing the
coated base. Where the sole disclosure of the patent is that
the base is coated by a Class 205 process, but the base is
not claimed as being coated by a Class 205 process, the
patent is classified in Class 29 or 427. Also, see the
reference to Class 205 in the class definition of this class
(427).
252, Compositions, subclass 62.2 for the composition of
electrolytes for electrical circuit components, and subclass
62.3 for barrier layer compositions, subclasses 500+ for
electron emissive and conductive compositions. The general
line stated in the class definition of Class 427 as to the
line between Class 427 and the composition classes applies to
the line between these subclasses in Class 427 and subclasses
500+ of Class 252.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes within the
class definition, of making electrodes from nonmetallic
plastic material by a significant plastic working operation
when combined with a coating operation. The process of
shaping broadly followed by coating is classified in Class
427, as is the process of coating a previously shaped body.
Also in Class 264, see 29.1 and 171.1+ for patents which may
disclose making of electrical conductors, and subclasses 104+
specifically for molding or shaping of electro conductive
material.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 615 provides
for metal coated metal bases as compound metal stock, even
though the coated product is claimed as being electrically
conductive or emissive.
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, 35, 46+, and 60+ for other methods and
apparatus for manufacturing electrodes of electrodes of
electric lamp and electric space discharge devices.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes for
coating processes producing electrodes used in electric
welding.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass are for
processes of coating consumable metal electrodes with a flux
coating. Where the coated welding rod may be used in either
electric or gas welding processes, the process of coating is
placed in this subclass unless all the claims are limited to
the use in gas welding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 145.1 and 146.1+ for welding
electrodes having significant structure other than a mere
coating.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 560 for
welding rods having a coating which includes metal
particles.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Processes
wherein the coated welding rod is subjected to a
post-treatment with a solid treating member such as a roller,
die, grinder, etc., to remove excess or otherwise treat the
coating.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Processes
wherein the coating material includes a metal in elemental
form or includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or
barium in compound form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for coating with a material containing radium.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes for
coating processes producing a superconductive electrical
product; i.e., cryogenic device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 599 for processes of making
superconductors involving manufacturing steps more than
coating.
326, Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, 1 for
superconducting electronic digital logic circuits.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 186, 366+, and 527+ for
miscellaneous superconductive circuits.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 160 for a
superconductive device with storage of signals.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, 300 for processes of producing high temperature
(T[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt] > 30 K) superconductors,
particularly subclasses 434, 446+, 452, or 470+.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Processes
wherein the coating is (1) applied only to selected portions
of a base (2) applied in such a manner as to produce a
coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from area to
area as to physical or chemical properties.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the product produced is capable of emission of light
when excited by electrons, ultraviolet radiation, or X-rays
or after such excitation has been removed.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for coating cathode-ray
tubes, luminescent screens, etc., even though the patent does
not state that the article has fluorescent or phosphorescent
characteristics since such articles are assumed to have these
characteristics. Further, it is not necessary that the
coating being applied is the fluorescent or phosphorescent
coating since such articles may have additional coatings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for processes of coating producing a fluorescent or
phosphorescent product which is not an electrical product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 458.1, for devices or bases having
fluorescent or phosphorescent coatings which include
structure other than a mere base with a coating thereon.
Devices, such as screens, which are merely bases having a
fluorescent or phosphorescent coating are classified in this
class (428).
252, Compositions, 301.16 for compositions exhibiting
fluorescent or phosphorescent effects.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 364, for
cathode-ray tubes having a fluorescent or phosphorescent
screen or target, and subclasses 483+ for other electric
lamps and electronic tubes but which are provided with a
fluorescent or phosphorescent material.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes
wherein the electrical product is sensitive to X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 458.1 for X-ray sensitive fluorescent
or phosphorescent devices.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes
wherein the product produced is a electroluminescent lighting
device.
(1) Note. In an electroluminescent lamp or device the
luminescent coating is activated by means of contact with a
conductive coating and not by means of an electron beam.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes
wherein the product is a lamp with a fluorescent coating
which can be activated by means of an electric discharge or
excited gas.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes of making
certain articles for lighting purposes wherein the coatings
may be described as luminescent, fluorescent or
phosphorescent, however, subclass 66 above provides for
producing electroluminescent lamps.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes
wherein the fluorescent or phosphorescent coating is in the
form of a mosaic or pattern or is used for the production of
color images.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 23 for process of producing a cathode-ray
tube element.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes in
which a coating is produced on a base by absorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes
wherein a nonmetallic coating is formed on the base or on
another layer by vapor deposition.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes
wherein particles are applied to a base in free flowing
condition.
(1) Note. Particles suspended in a liquid or paste are not
considered to be in a free flowing condition for this
subclass.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes
wherein the base is rotated during or after application of
the coating.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes
wherein the coating material is deposited on the base by
settling out of a liquid medium.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes which
result in a product which responds to visible, infrared, or
ultraviolet illumination by (1) emitting electrons, (2)
generating an electromotive force, or (3) varying electrical
conductivity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 243 for
photocells of the generator type.
252, Compositions, subclass 501.1 for compositions whose
electrical conductivity varies with exposure to light.
338, Electrical Resistors, 15 for photocells of the
resistive type.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 57 for
methods of making photoresponsive semiconductor barrier
layer-type devices (i.e., photovoltaic devices).
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes
wherein the coating is (1) applied only to selected portions
of a base or (2) applied in such a manner as to produce a
coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from area to
area as to chemical or physical properties.
(1) Note. Included herein are target electrodes for
television pickup or camera tubes, etc.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes
wherein the photo-sensitive coating applied is selenium,
tellurium or a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 508 for manufacture
of selenium and tellurium or compounds thereof.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes for
coating processes which result in an electrical product which
functions to emit or suppress emission of electrons into
space.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for applying alkaline
earth compound coatings on directly or indirectly heated
cathodes or filaments for thermionic tubes, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for producing
products which emit electrons by arcing. For arcing or
sparking see subclass 580.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for processes which result in welding electrodes.
74 for processes which result in a photo-emissive electrical
product.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Processes in
which a coating is produced on a base by absorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas; or in
which the coating material is projected by mechanical force
toward the base.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the product produced is intended for use in a device
comprising two conducting surfaces separated by an insulating
material or dielectric, the device being capable of storing
electrical energy and controlling the flow of direct and
alternating current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 25.41 for processes of making condensers
involving manufacturing steps beyond coating.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 271 for
nonelectrolytic condensers.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Processes
wherein the condenser or capacitor either (a) comprises two
conducting electrodes wherein the anode has a metal oxide
film acting as a dielectric and the assembly is operable in
the presence of an electrolyte or (b) wherein the depletion
layer of a semiconductor is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 25.03 for processes of making
electrolytic condensers involving more than coating.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.2 for the composition of
electrolytes and subclass 62.3 for barrier layer
compositions.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 503 for
electrolytic condensers.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Processes
wherein gaseous pressures are established which are greater
or less than ambient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 for vacuum pretreatment in general.
350 for vacuum post-treatment in general.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes for
coating processes producing an integrated circuit, printed
circuit or circuit board (i.e., circuits in which conductive
wire has been replaced by a conductive coating or a
combination of interconnected circuit elements produced by
coating).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for integrated circuits involving a condenser or
capacitor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 846 for miscellaneous methods of making
printed circuits, etc., involving more than coating.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 250 for
printed circuits.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, appropriate
subclass for methods of making semiconductor based integrated
circuits.
439, Electrical Connectors, 55 for an electrical connector
comprising or combined with a preformed panel circuit; e.g.,
a printed circuit board.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Processes
wherein a coating is applied to the sides of a hole in a
circuit board.
(1) Note. Such coatings are generally for the purpose or
providing a conductive path from one side of a circuit board
to the other.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Processes
wherein a metal coating is applied by immersing the base in a
metal salt solution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for electroless deposition of metal on a pretreated
base.
437 for electroless deposition of metal on a metal base.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Processes
wherein the coating is produced on a base by adsorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for vapor deposition of metal to form electrical
products.
250 for vapor deposition of metal in general.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes for
coating processes producing an electrical article having
piezoelectric properties (i.e., the property of producing
voltage under mechanical stress or vice versa).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 for processes of making a
piezoelectric device.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.9 for piezoeletric
compositions.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for
piezoelectric devices.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 157 for piezoelectric devices for use underwater.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the product is intended for use in an electrical
circuit to introduce a specified resistance.
(1) Note. This subclass excludes processes of making
resistor devices used for producing heat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 610.1 for processes of manufacturing
resistors involving more than coating.
252, Compositions, 500 for resistor compositions.
338, Electrical Resistors, for electrical resistors in
general and the search notes for Class 338.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes
wherein the coating is (1) applied only to selected portions
of a base or (2) applied in such a manner as to produce a
coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from area to
area as to physical or chemical properties.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes
which include sequentially applying a plurality of dissimilar
coating materials in superposed relationship on a base or
applying diverse coating material to the coating on a
previously coated base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 615 for a
metallic composite defined in terms of the composition of its
components.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes which
result in a core for an electrical winding to be used in an
induction device or which result in a motor stator.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for coating magnetic sheet
material to be used in laminated transformer, motor, and
generator cores but does not include making magnetic cores
for memory or recording devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for processes resulting in magnetic cores for memory or
recording devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 100 for processes of
coating magnetic metal material combined with a treatment
that intentionally modifies the magnetic properties of the
metal.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the product produced has an interior cavity or empty
space.
(1) Note. Materials such as foams, felts, etc., are not
considered hollow even though they may contain voids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230 for coating the interior of hollow articles which have
uses other than electrical.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Processes
wherein the hollow article is glass or quartz.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, and Class 106, Compositions: Coating
or Plastic, for a comprehensive definition of the term
glass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for cathode-ray tubes and luminescent or fluorescent lamp
bulbs.
108 for processes of coating a glass base which is not a
hollow article.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes
wherein the coating is produced on a base by absorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the base is capable of transmitting light rays so
that objects on the other side may be distinctly seen.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Processes
wherein the coating is produced on a base by absorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Processes
wherein the coating material is projected or sprayed onto the
base.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the coated product is a conductor which is heated by
the passage of current therethrough and the intended use is
in a lamp or tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for processes of coating a filament with an electron
emissive coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 341 for electric
lamp filaments.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Processes
wherein the filament comprises elemental carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for processes of coating a carbon base which is not a
filament.
226 for processes of carbonizing by heat decomposition.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the base on which a coating is applied is carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for processes of coating carbon filaments.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Processes
wherein the carbon substrate functions as a brush in an
electric motor or as the electrical connection between the
commutator of a motor or generator and the power source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 248 and in
particular subclass 253 for carbon brushes.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes which
result in an element for use as a part of an electrochemical
generator in which the chemical energy from the reaction of
oxygen and a fuel is converted directly into electricity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 2 for a process or apparatus for
making a battery grid, subclasses 623.1+ for a process of
making an electric battery cell and subclass 763 for
apparatus to assemble or disassemblem an electric cell or
battery.
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, for a fuel
cell or and electrode.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein an electrical coil or winding is coated or
impregnated.
(1) Note. For classification here the article must require
the coiled or wound condition to perform its electrical
function. A process resulting in an electrical wire coiled
for storage purposes is not provided for here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 602.1 for methods of making electrical
coils or windings.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 430 for a process or
apparatus for forming an article by winding material onto a
core, subclasses 470+ and 520+ for winding a storage package,
per se, and subclasses 550+ for unwinding from a storage
package, per se.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 299 for electromagnet coils.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the substrate is a solid or stranded group of slender
flexible rod like conductors having a relatively low
resistance to current flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for making a wire in the form of a winding or coil.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
47 for conductor covering processes therein provided for,
which may include a coating step.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 110 for
insulated electric conductors which include electric
conductor structure which is more than a mere coated wire,
rod or filament.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 615 for a
metallic composite wire defined in terms of the composition
of its components.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Processes
wherein plural superposed coatings are applied or a coated
wire is coated.
(1) Note. The superposed coating may be either similar or
diverse.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Processes
wherein the coating comprises (1) the natural gum obtained
from the latex or sap or "rubber" trees or (2) a material
having small cavities randomly dispersed throughout.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
373 for processes of producing a cellular or foam coating by
heat treatment or drying of a coating.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Processes
wherein the temperature of the base, coating, or coating
material is raised to above ambient.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the base to which a coating is applied is either (1)
a carbohydrate material derived from the structural matter of
plant life or (2) a relatively short, slender, flexible
element of macroscopic size and finite length and having a
thickness and width of the same order of magnitude.
(1) Note. The article formed by the coating process may be
conducting, insulating, or form a part of an electrical
device such as a battery separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for insulated paper for use in a condenser or capacitor.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein free carbon or a free carbon containing coating is
applied.
(1) Note. Carbon compounds such as carbides or organic
compounds are not considered as carbon coatings for this
subclass unless additional carbon in the elemental state is
present.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for processes of forming a carbon coating by
carbonizing.
249.1 for processes of forming a carbon coating by vapor
deposition.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein a coating which contains metal in elemental form is
applied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for processes of applying metal coatings to form
integrated or printed circuits.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 615 for a
metallic composite defined in terms of the composition of its
components.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes in
which a coating is produced on a base by absorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas; or in
which a vacuum is utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251 for vapor deposition of metal coatings.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes
wherein a silver, gold, palladium or platinum coating is
applied.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 669
for a metallic composite in which a component has a precious
metal base.
Subclass:
126.1
Metallic compound coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes
wherein the coating material includes a chemical compound
which contains at least one atom of a metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for applying a metallic compound (e.g., tin oxide, etc.)
to a transparent base to make an electrical product.
Subclass:
126.2
Glass or ceramic base or coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1. Processes
wherein the base coated or the coating material is glass or
ceramic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for coating of a hollow glass article such as a light
bulb.
Subclass:
126.3
Metal oxide, peroxide, or hydroxide coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1. Processes
wherein the coating is an inorganic compound containing a
metal atom directly bonded to oxygen.
Subclass:
126.4
Metal is Al:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.3. Processes
wherein the metal bonded to oxygen is aluminum.
Subclass:
126.5
Metal is Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.3. Processes
wherein the metal bonded to oxygen is gold, silver, platinum,
palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium.
Subclass:
126.6
Metal is Ni, Fe, or Co:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.3. Processes
wherein the metal bonded to oxygen is nickel, iron, or
cobalt.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the base or the coating is disclosed as
having magnetic properties.
(1) Note. An iron base, for example, which has magnetic
properties is only classified here if the patent states the
base has magnetic properties.
(2) Note. The term magnetic in these subclasses is intended
to include magnetizable material, i.e., material to which the
property of attraction for iron may be imparted as by
stimulus of a magnetic field.
(3) Note. Where the magnetic article is part of an
electrical article or includes a conductive coating, for
instance an insulated core for use in a transformer see
subclasses 58+ above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for processes of coating wherein a product is produced
which conducts electricity.
599 for processes of forming magnetic recording devices
involving use of a magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 100 for processes of
intentionally modifying the magnetic properties of metal.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 181 for a
composition for magnetic purposes but which is devoid of
magnetic material or to processes of preparing said
composition.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Processes
wherein the coating is disclosed as having magnetic
properties.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Processes
which include the step of physically or chemically modifying
the base prior to the coating step.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Processes
which include the step of physically or chemically modifying
the coating subsequent to the coating step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
547 for post-treating a magnetic coating utilizing magnetic
lines of force.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Processes
which include sequentially applying a plurality of dissimilar
coating materials or coating a previously coated base with a
different coating material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 928
for composite metallic stock having magnetic properties.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Processes
wherein the coating contains metal in elemental form, i.e.,
not chemically combined with another element.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a coated article is produced which is
intended for use in shaping molten or plastic material.
(1) Note. Shaping members such as cores, matrices, casting
surfaces, etc., are considered proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Processes
wherein the shaping member is composed largely of sand.
(1) Note. Patents classified herein are generally concerned
with molds used in casting metal.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Processes
wherein the shaping member is a metal, or an alloy or
composition containing free metal.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for coating a pavement or for coating the earth.
(1) Note. Processes of coating the earth are usually for
the purpose of making a road or sidewalk but may be for
marking of a playing field for a sport such as football,
etc.
(2) Note. This class provides for making roadways by a
coating process, which may include packing the coating.
However, it does not provide for such a process which
includes digging up the earth or an old pavement or other
significant road building which is provided for in Class 404,
Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 97 for repairing pipe by a
coating process wherein some of the coating material
impregnates the earth adjacent the pipe being repaired.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, for roadbuilding
or pavement repairing by processes involving more than mere
coating steps.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes
wherein the coating forms stripes or indicative markings or
wherein it contains material particularly adapted to reflect
light.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes
wherein the coating contains asphalt, bitumen, oil, or tar.
(1) Note. Included herein are any heavy oil or tar like
material with properties similar to those materials
specifically set out.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes
which include traversing the coating with a roller to
compress or compact the coating material.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the restoration or repair of coatings
or surfaces of objects.
(1) Note. A process, for example, of merely repainting a
wall is excluded from this subclass. However, if any
pretreatment is set forth to ready the wall for recoating the
process is provided for here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for repairing or restoring a road by a coating process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 97 for repairing of pipe by
a coating process.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for furnace lining formation or
repair and see the notes thereto.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Processes
wherein the object restored or repaired is carbon paper or on
inked ribbon.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Processes
wherein a metal article is repaired or restored.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the production of blanks intended for
use in the preparation of stencils.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which are directed to the production of a base
having a coating thereon for receiving the negative design in
copy printing, usually by imbibition from an inked positive,
and from which negative, positive copies may be made.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for uniformly coating a
printing plate. However, applying a nonuniform coating to a
planos:graphic printing plate is provided for in Class 101.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, for processes of printing, and for processes
of manufacturing printing members. The line between Class
101 and Class 427 for processes of making printing members,
(e.g., lithos:graphic plates, etc.) is as follows: Class 427
will take coating processes wherein the resultant product is
a substrate having a uniformly coated surface even when
disclosed or claimed as a printing member, Class 101 provides
for processes of coating wherein the process results in a
nonuniform coating, (e.g., providing an image) and the
disclosed use is as a printing member.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes resulting in a product which has an
indistinguishable image, pattern, or design in a coating
which can be made visible by chemical or physical treatment;
or a process of making the image, pattern, or design in such
a product become visible.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the use of invisible inks
and color producing coatings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for developing latent images of fingerprints.
7 for producing fraud detecting devices which have latent
images.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, for processes of developing latent
images with infrared or heat rays.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for process of
imaging or developing a formed image.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the production of a base with a coating
which is (1) transferable as a continuous or a discontinuous
film; (2) transferable from the base to another surface by an
inscribing operation, when not provided for in another class;
or (3) capable of producing a copy of printed or s:graphic
subject matter by heat or chemical reaction.
(1) Note. Included herein or in subclasses indented
hereunder are processes for making decalcomania and paper
supports therefor, embossing foils, carbon paper, typewriter
ribbons, and carbonless paper.
(2) Note. This and indented subclasses also include patents
directed to producing a stack or pile of sheets or bases
provided with transferable coatings where no structure is
defined in addition to a stack or pile.
(3) Note. Processes directed to producing a coating which
is intended to be completely transferred from its supporting
base in the area contacted by the inscribing instrumentality
are within the scope of this and indented subclasses.
(4) Note. This subclass includes patents directed to
exposing a normally colored but invisible coating by
transparentizing or removal of the material which conceals
the colored composition or ingredient.
(5) Note. Inscribing is used in the broad sense to include
hand-held writing instruments (e.g., pens or pencils) or
machines (e.g., typewriters).
(6) Note. Production of coated paper specifically adapted
to receive designs or coatings to form transfers is provided
for in this subclass and indents herein under.
(7) Note. This subclass will take combinations of making
and using a transfer where the transferred material is liquid
or powder. For transfer of a solid layer see Class 156,
subclasses 230+.
(8) Note. This subclass does not include the production or
use of a roller, web or other transfer machine which is not
an article of manufacture as a base with a transfer coating.
(9) Note. Ordinary uncoated paper copy sheets are not copy
sheets within the scope of this and indented subclasses when
claimed alone.
(10) Note. Processes for making carbon paper and typewriter
ribbons are examples of transferable coated papers within the
scope of this and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for preparation of transfers containing means for
identifying, or preventing reuse or counterfeiting of said
transfer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 467 for transfers
containing dyes.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
230 for processes of transferring laminae and, processes of
transferring an adhered coating from a carrier to a base, per
se, or combined with a step of coating a carrier with a
transferable coating.
178, Telegraphy, 36 for recorders.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 52 for electrolytic
marking and subclass 68 for processes of electroforming
recording devices.
250, Radiant Energy, 316.1 for infrared or thermal pattern
recording, and subclass 330 for infrared to visible imaging.
346, Recorders, subclass 135.1 for a base coated with a
record receiving material which is more than a mere coated
base.
400, Typewriting Machines, 237 for typewriter ribbons which
are more than mere coated or impregnated bases.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation
sensitive transfer material and process, especially 199.
434, Education and Demonstration, subclass 425 for erasable
surfaces of special materials.
462, Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding, for carbon
paper and similar manifolded articles which are more than
mere stacks or piles of coated sheets.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes
directed to producing a base having a coating which is
intended to be transferred as a continuous film.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a coating process which
results in a decalcomania or embossing foil.
(2) Note. Production of coated paper specifically adapted
to receive designs or coatings to form transfers are provided
for in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for preparation of transfers to be used for fraud or
tamper detecting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 467 for transfers
containing dyes.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
230 for processes of transferring laminae including using a
decal.
462, Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding, 69 for
carbon paper or the like which is more than a mere coated
base.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes
wherein the transfer is intended to be made with the aid of
heat or wherein the transfer is intended to be placed on a
base and heat then applied to make it adhere better to the
base.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes
wherein the coating is releasable from its carrier sheet by
means of a fluid.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes in
which a transferable coating includes a component reactable
with a chemical reagent during the transferring operation to
produce a color change in situ on the receiving surface or in
which a base is coated with a component intended to react
with another component to produce a color change.
(1) Note. The reaction of color forming constituents may be
initiated, for instance, by heat or pressure from a writing
instrument.
(2) Note. The source of heat utilized to effect reaction of
the color forming constituents in the production of
facsimiles is usually radiant energy. The particular process
involved is usually referred to as thermos:graphic
duplication.
(3) Note. The copy sheet may include components intended to
react to produce a color in situ.
(4) Note. The transferable coating may include a component
intended to be treated with a chemical reagent during the
transferring operation to produce a color change in situ on
the receiving surface.
(5) Note. The processes may be directed to superimposing at
least two different coatings onto a base in which at least
two of the coatings include a component intended to react
with a component of a different coating to produce a color in
situ.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 and 152, for processes directed to exposing a normally
colored but invisible coating by transparentizing or removal
of the material which conceals the colored composition or
ingredient and in which there is no reaction to produce a
color.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 444 for dyeing
processes involving the use of radiant energy.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for processes for
the development, conversion, production, transmission and
general utilization of rays of any type.
252, Compositions, subclass 408.1 for analytical, testing or
indicating compositions.
346, Recorders, subclass 135.1 for a base coated with a
record receiving material which is more than a mere coated
base.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
analytical and analytical control methods.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes in
which at least one of the reactive components is a
heterocyclic organic compound.
(1) Note. The reactive components are usually referred to
as leuco, or colorless, color forming materials.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes
which include (1) coating both sides of the base, (2)
applying a plurality of diverse coatings to the base or (3)
forming nonuniform coats on the base.
(1) Note. Coatings containing essentially the same
ingredients but differing in structure (e.g., thickness) or
in the proportions of the ingredients are considered to be
different coatings.
(2) Note. This subclass includes processes for applying
coatings on the opposed sides of a base or applying plural
coats to the same side of a base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for processes for applying coatings to the opposite
sides of sheet or web.
256 for processes for applying nonuniform separate coatings
to the same surface of a base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
400, Typewriting Machines, 237 for typewriter ribbons which
are more than mere coated or impregnated bases.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes for
producing paper or film coated on one side with carbon or a
similar dark-colored substance, which coated paper is
intended to be placed between two sheets of paper so that the
pressure of writing, drawing, typing etc., on the upper sheet
makes a copy on the lower.
(1) Note. The coating may be something other than carbon,
e.g., dyes in a wax, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
462, Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding, especially
subclass 69 for carbon paper and similar manifolded articles
which are more than mere stacks or piles of coated sheets.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating is intended as a temporary
protective layer which is to be later removed.
(1) Note. These coatings are usually employed to protect
articles during storage, transit or handling and are usually
stripped off before ultimate use of the object to which they
are applied.
(2) Note. Using a masking coating to shield part of the
base for forming a nonuniform coating is excluded herefrom
and classified according to the nonuniform coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for transfer or decal making.
259 and 272, for making a nonuniform coating by applying a
mask or shielding coating which is removable.
Subclass:
155
Processes 154 wherein the substrate is based on an organic
material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Processes
wherein the base comprises a metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating material is capable of emission
of light when excited by electrons, ultraviolet radiation, or
X-rays or after such excitation has been removed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for coating processes which results in a electrical
product having fluorescent or phosphorescent
characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 458.1 for devices or bases having
fluorescent or phosphorescent coatings which include
structure other than a mere base with a coating thereon.
Devices, such as screen, which are merely bases having a
fluorescent or phosphorescent coating are classified in this
class (427).
252, Compositions, subclasses 301.16-301.6 for compositions
exhibiting fluorescent or phosphorescent effects.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Processes
wherein the coating is intended to brighten the base
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for marking clothing to be laundered for
identification.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to preparing an incandescent mantle by
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 492 for compositions for
preparing or regenerating incandescent mantles, and for
processes of making mantles which involve no more than
preparing or regenerating the composition of which the mantle
is composed.
431, Combustion, 100 for mantle structure and residual
processes for making a mantle.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes of making a coated product wherein the X-ray,
ultraviolet, or infrared qualities of the coated product are
set forth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for processes wherein the coated product is an electrical
product with X-ray, ultraviolet, or infrared properties.
457 for processes wherein electrical, magnetic or wave
energy is employed in the coating processes.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating increases the ability of the
base to either transmit or diffuse light.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating of the base results in an
optical element or wherein an optical element is coated.
(1) Note. Merely stating reflective properties of a
decorative screen or shade, for example, is not enough to
place the patent in this subclass (162) or subclasses
indented hereinunder.
(2) Note. Coating a glass window to reduce glare is
considered subject matter for the subclass or indents
hereunder.
(3) Note. Included herein are processes of making mirrors,
optical filters, coated lenses, etc.
Subclass:
163.1
Polarizer, windshield, optical fiber, projection screen, or
retroreflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Processes
wherein the optical element is a polarizer, windshield,
optical fiber, rod, waveguide, projection screen, or
retroreflector.
(1) Note. Windshields and windscreens for boats, trains,
aircraft, and automobiles are proper for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for applying an electrically conductive coating to a
windshield.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
483 for polarization, per se.
Subclass:
163.2
Optical fiber, rod, filament, or waveguide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 163.1. Processes
wherein the optical element is a fiber, rod, filament, or
waveguide having light transmitting regions which transmit
radiation (light) in the visible or near visible portions of
the spectrum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 413 and 430+ for processes
of coating optical fibers, filaments, or waveguides which
include a glassworking step.
Subclass:
163.3
Projection screen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 163.1. Processes
wherein the optical element is a projection screen.
(1) Note. Moving picture and stereopticon screens are
considered as projection screens and proper for this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communications) and
Elements, 443 for projection screens, per se.
Subclass:
163.4
Retroreflector (e.g., light reflecting small spherical beads,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 163.1. Processes
wherein the optical element comprises (a) a reflecting
substrate coated with small spheres or (b) small spheres
coated with reflecting material which may be applied to a
substrate.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for applying small
spherical reflectors (e.g., balls, beads, microspheres,
retroreflectors, etc.) to a base to make it reflective.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for applying reflective material to a roadway.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes
wherein the base is capable of transmitting light rays so
that objects on the other side may be distinctly seen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for a process of coating a transparent base which
results in an electrical product.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes
wherein the transparent base is composed of a glass
composition.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, and Class 106, Compositions: Coating
or Plastic, for a comprehensive definition of the term
glass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for coating a hollow electrical product such as a light
bulb, etc.
108 for coating a transparent base to make an electrical
product.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes in
which a coating is produced on a base by absorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for coating a transparent base by vapor deposition to
make an electrical product.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Processes
wherein a coating compound containing silicon and at least
one other element is deposited.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
wherein the coating material is projected onto the glass
base.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
wherein the coating is applied by submerging at least a
portion of the base in a pool of coating material.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a fabric, filament, or yarn is treated to
produce a matte or dull finish.
(1) Note. This subclass includes treatment of artificial
silk or rayon which possesses high sheen or luster with
various salt solutions and dulling pigments.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include processes of
coating fabric with compositions which may inherently dull or
deluster but in which no dulling or delustering is
disclosed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing: Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 443, for luster
modifying in connection with weighting, subclasses 129+, for
luster modifying in connection with chemical modification,
and subclasses 114+ and 127.5, for changing the luster of
vegetable or animal fibers by chemical modification.
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, and 28, Textiles:
Manufacturing, for luster modification of textiles not
involving the use of fluids or chemicals.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, particularly 165, for processes within the class
definition, for forming continuous or indefinite length
articles, which may disclose use of delustering agents in
either a spinning solution or a precipitation bath.
Subclasses 187+, in particular, is pertinent to cellulose
derivative article forming material and precipitating baths
therefor.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include either (1) extending the base beyond
its normal dimension in at least one direction or (2)
maintaining the base in a taut condition.
(1) Note. The tensioning or stretching incidental to
feeding a fabric through a coating machine or broadly
maintaining a surface taut during coating is not provided for
here but in the appropriate subclass hereinafter.
(2) Note. This subclass excludes stretching only small
portions of the base such as in embossing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 33 for coating apparatus combined
with stretching means.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 410 for tensioning a
running material of general use.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 288.4 and 291+ for stretching to reform work,
such as for biaxial orientation, and for stretching a plastic
material beyond its elastic limit; combined with coating.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Processes
wherein the base is a piece of material handled at points
intermediate its ends whereby the length is immaterial to the
manner of handling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, 71 for the structure for
expanding a running web of cloth; i.e., subclasses 87+ for
spreader structure.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Processes
wherein at least part of the tensioning or stretching is
toward the sides of the running length which tends to widen
it.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, 87 for structure for
spreading (i.e., transversely stretching) a running length
web of cloth.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Processes
which include applying particles, fibers, granules, pellets,
beads, flakes, platelets or powder to the base.
(1) Note. The particle must be free flowing when applied
but not suspended in a liquid.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Processes
wherein the base is a relatively slender and flexible element
having a width and thickness of the same order of magnitude.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for stretching a plastic material beyond its
elastic limit combined with coating.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Processes
wherein the base is a material which has been formed by a
textile operation.
(1) Note. Textile operations include, for example, weaving,
knitting, braiding, twisting, needling, etc.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating process is combined with
forming a winding, ball, roll or coil of the coated base.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes
wherein the base is of metal or glass.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, and Class 106, Compositions: Coating
or Plastic, for a comprehensive definition of the term
glass.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes
wherein the base is either a water laid fibrous material or a
mat of intertangled fibers.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating material is in the form of
small discrete pieces.
(1) Note. Included herein are powder, granules, fibers
pellets, beads, flakes, and platelets, etc.
(2) Note. The particles may form the coating, or become
part of a coating as when applied over a layer of adhesive.
(3) Note. For classification here the particles must not be
in solution or in suspension in a liquid or paste while being
applied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for pack processes wherein a base is adjacent particles
which particles are heated to form gas which coats the base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 459 for processes of coating a
base such as the interior of a tube with particulate material
such as grit to increase the frictional characteristics of
the base and then joining the base to another part.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, etc., 255
for a loose mixture containing metal particles.
118, Coating Apparatus, 308 for coating apparatus in which
particulate material is projected or flung against the work.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 279 for mass application of nonadhesive fibers or
particles other than between laminae.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 112 for processes under the class definition for
forming stratified or layered articles which includes the
step of uniting randomly associated particles.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 546 for a
metallic composite having metal particles in a component.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
wherein the particles or fibers are applied to the surface of
a cavity or empty space interior of an article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for applying particles to form cathode ray tubes, etc.
133 for coating molds.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes
wherein a bed or mass of solid coating particles are
maintained in a state of fluidization by passing a gas in a
generally upward direction through the particles.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes
wherein the hollow article is rotated during or after
application of the particles.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
which include motion of the base wherein (1) the rate of
motion is not uniform regardless of the direction or
character of motion or (2) the motion is other than in a
straight line.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for vibratory motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for rotating a hollow article while coating its interior
with particles.
600 for vibrating a base by sonic or ultrasonic energy.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
wherein a bed or mass of solid coating particles are
maintained in a state of fluidization by passing a gas in a
generally upward direction through the particles.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
wherein the coated product produced is disclosed as useful
for covering the top surface of buildings.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Processes
which include cutting the base before or after coating.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Processes
wherein particles are applied to localized or restricted
areas of wherein particles are removed from localized or
restricted areas.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for processes wherein the
only difference in the areas is the color.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
which include treating the particulate coating to make it
continuous with no discernible particles.
(1) Note. Flame spraying is excluded from this subclass
since it is assumed any particles being flame sprayed are not
solid by the time they reach the base. Spraying molten
particles is also excluded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for pack processes wherein a base is adjacent particles
which particles are heated to form gas which coats the base.
422 for spraying molten particles onto a base.
446 for flame spraying.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
wherein the particles applied comprise metallic compounds.
(1) Note. The particles contain metallic compounds when
they are applied. However, upon heating they may be reduced
to elemental metal.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
wherein the particles contain metal in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
455 for a flame spraying process resulting in a metal
coating.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes
wherein the particles are aluminum, copper, or zinc.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes in
which the particles are changed into a glass or glasslike
coating.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
wherein a cylindrical solid member rotating about an internal
axis is employed to form the continuous coating.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
wherein synthetic resin particles are united.
(1) Note. See Class 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural
Rubbers, subclasses 1+ for a definition of the term
"synthetic resin".
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
wherein coating materials are applied to a base from a
plurality of directions, or wherein particles and a binder
are applied to a base simultaneously from different sources.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
wherein particles or fibers are applied to localized or
restricted areas, or wherein particles or fibers are removed
from localized or restricted areas.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for processes wherein the
only difference in the areas is the color.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Processes
which include reshaping the base, reshaping the coating or
removing particles from localized areas.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Processes
wherein the particles or fibers applied include a silicon
containing compound, a metallic compound, or metal.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Processes
wherein the coating material is in the form of relatively
short, slender, flexible, elements of finite length and
having a width and thickness of the same order of magnitude.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
wherein diverse particulate materials are applied to a
substrate.
(1) Note. The particles may be diverse as to color,
chemical composition, overall average size, etc.
(2) Note. The particles may be applied simultaneously or at
different times.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
which include sequentially applying a plurality of dissimilar
coating materials in superposed relationship on a base or
applying diverse coating material to the coating of a
previously coated base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for applying a plurality of diverse particulate
materials to a base.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes
which include applying a coating on a previously applied
coating of particles or fibers.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes
wherein the particles or fibers applied comprise a silicon
containing compound.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes
wherein the particles applied contain metal or a compound
containing a metal atom.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes
wherein the coating material is in the form of relatively
short, slender, flexible elements of finite length and having
a width and thickness of the same order of magnitude.
Subclass:
207.1
COATING REMAINS ADHESIVE OR IS INTENDED TO BE MADE ADHESIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which result in a base with a coating having
adhesive properties for adhering the base to another
surface.
(1) Note. The coating may be dry if it is intended to be
made adhesive by the application of moisture, etc.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.1. Processes
wherein the coating is applied to opposing surfaces of the
base.
(1) Note. The opposite sides may be coated with the same or
with different coating materials.
Subclass:
208.2
Heat sensitive adhesive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.1. Processes
wherein the applied coating is intended to become adhesive
upon the application of heat.
(1) Note. For classification here, the intent that the
coating become adhesive upon the application of heat must be
recited.
Subclass:
208.4
Pressure sensitive adhesive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.1. Processes
wherein the applied coating becomes adhesive when subjected
to pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208.2 for applying a coating which will become adhesive upon
the application of both heat and pressure.
Subclass:
208.6
Nonuniform coating (e.g., perforated, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.4. Processes
wherein the coating is nonuniform.
(1) Note. See the definition and notes of subclass 256 in
this class (427) for an explanation of "nonuniform coating".
Subclass:
208.8
Applying superposed diverse coatings or coating a coated
base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.4. Processes
which include applying a plurality of dissimilar coating
materials in superposed relationship on a base or applying
diverse coating material to the coating on a previously
coated base.
(1) Note. See the notes to subclass 402 of this class (427)
for further explanation.
(2) Note. Although the last coating applied would not have
to be adhesive, per se, the process must result in an article
having an expressed adhesive utility.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a sheet, web, or strip is coated on
opposite sides and wherein at least one side is coated other
than by immersion.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for merely
immersing a sheet, web, or strip to coat both sides but does
provide for such a step combined with additionally coating at
least one side by another method such as spraying, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for coating both sides of a web with flock or fibers.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Processes for
forming a coating wherein the coating (1) is applied only to
selected portions of a base, (2) is applied in such a manner
as to produce a coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies
from area to area as to chemical or physical properties.
(1) Note. See Notes to subclass 256 for a complete list of
subclasses involving nonuniform coating.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Processes
wherein a solid cylindrical member rotating about an internal
axis is employed to apply the coating material.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for coating or encapsulating solid granules,
pellets, beads, flakes, platelets or other particles en masse
(i.e., not individually).
(1) Note. A process which specifies or is primarily
concerned with the coating or encapsulating of solid
particles is classified in this Class 427, subclasses 212+.
However, there are numerous functional classes which provide
for coating or encapsulating particles and the resultant
coated or encapsulated particle or a composition containing
said particle. Strictly speaking, Class 428 is not a
composition class. It is included here only because it also
provides for a coated or encapsulated particle. See Class
428, subclass 402, (1) Note for the distinction between Class
428 and those functional classes. These classes, with the
exception of Classes 118 and 264, are listed below in
decreasing order of superiority under SEARCH CLASS. Classes
118 and 264, though not composition or article classes, were
included because of their close relationship to this coating
class.
(2) Note. Processes wherein an individual particle is
independently coated are classified elsewhere in this class
depending on the specific process employed.
(3) Note. The classification of a patent reciting the
encapsulating of a core material with no reference to the
core being a solid or liquid, the assumption is a solid and
therefore classified in this Class 427, subclasses 213.3+ as
an original with a suggested cross to Class 264, subclasses
4.1+.
(4) Note. Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion
compounds), per se, are classified hierarchily and subject to
the limitations set forth in the compound (element) classes
based both on the encapsulant and encapsulate. For example, a
clathrate of urea and hydrogen peroxide, urea and an organic
compound, and dextran and iodine are all classified elsewhere
Where a patent does not state that a material is either a
clathrate or an intercalate, the assumption is made that the
material is either a coated or encapsulated product
classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+.
(5) Note. An asterks (*) at the end of the Search Class
notes below indicates that the class is not a composition
class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.14 for coating or encapsulating solid granules, pellets,
beads, flakes, platelets, or other particles en masse, or
individually, when the product has an intended medical or
dental purpose, such as pharmaceutical preparations.
6 for coating particles wherein the base or coating includes
radioactive material.
242 below for coating articles en masse by rumbling or
tumbling them in contact with coating material wherein said
articles are considered more than mere particles, flakes, or
granules.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 526 for a dye
in specified form other than mere powder.
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, see, for example, 542,
coated or impregnated material.
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition;
e.g., subclass 295 for a method of impregnating or coating
an abrasive tool.
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers (See subclass 64.11 for slow
release forms).
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for a filler or
pigment for a coating composition which may include size or
structure of the constituent particles or fibers which
recitation does not serve to exclude from Class 106. See
especially subclass 31.14 (invisible inks), 36, 235, 241,
251, 253+, 266, 272, 275, 276, 280, 281.1+, 400+, 600+, 714+,
and 789 in Class 106.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 303, for apparatus for spray
coating particulate material.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, 3 for a
coated component.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products.
252, Compositions (nonspecial uses or functions; i.e., 302,
363.5, 372+, and 378).
252, Compositions, (special uses or functions) to subclass
194.
252, Compositions, (special uses or functions), subclass 478
and those following, except subclasses 302+, 363.5, 372+, and
378.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclasses 4+ for processes of encapsulating
liquid core materials.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses,
especially subclass 35 for processes of making articles from
metal containing particulate materials by use of pressure and
heat wherein the particles are coated with another substance
prior to compacting or sintering; and subclass 62 for similar
processes not employing heat.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 400
for coated, impregnated or layered feature.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 89 for products which are coated solid, encased
fluent material, or two or more solid self-sustaining
materials integrally connected, and subclasses 302+ for
processes of coating a solid food with a liquid.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 402.2 for a
microencapsulated product, and subclasses 403+ for coated
particles.
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 138 for a microcapsule.
501, Compositions: Ceramic.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product
or Process of Making, 60 and 527.11-527.24.
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, subclass
100 for seeds coated with agricultural chemicals other than
fertilizers; e.g., antidotes, plant growth regulators,
fungicides, etc.
508, Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces,
and Miscellaneous Oil Compositions.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, see, for example,
Class 523, subclass 161 invisible ink composition and 200+
for a composition containing product in the form of
surface-coated, impregnated, encapsulated, or
surface-modified material.
536, Organic Compounds, subclass 112 for dextran and
iodine.
564, Organic Compounds, subclass 32 for a clathrate of urea
and hydrogen peroxide; subclass 1.5 for urea and an organic
compound.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, (mixture
subclasses).
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, 249
for coating or covering of hazardous or toxic waste.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein a bed or mass of particles are maintained in a state
of fluidized suspension by passing a gas or vapor in a
generally upward direction through the particles.
(1) Note. Coating material may be introduced directly into
the mass of fluidized particles or along with the fluidizing
gas or vapor.
(2) Note. The particles usually are coated while in the
fluidizing gas or vapor but may be coated before entry or
after exit therefrom.
Subclass:
213.3
Solid encapsulation process utilizing an emulsion or
dispersion to form a solid-walled microcapsule (includes
liposome):
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
wherein a medium in the form of an emulsion or dispersion is
used to affect encapsulation of the solid; the medium may
contain one or more polymers, polymer precursors, monomers or
other encapsulating materials; e.g., gelatin wax, etc.
(1) Note. The classification of a patent reciting the
encapsulation of a core material with no reference to its
physical state, i.e., solid, liquid or gas, the assumption is
made that the core material is solid and therefore classified
in the Class 427 and a suggested cross into Class 264,
subclasses 4+.
(2) Note. Liposomes are formed of mesomorphic walls (i.e.,
a state of matter intermediate between crystalline solid and
normal isotropic liquid) and are classified here based on
their solid characteristics.
Subclass:
213.31
With post-treatment of encapsulant or encapsulating material,
(e.g., further coating, hardening, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 213.3. Subject
matter wherein the solid-walled microcapsule is subjected to
significant aftertreatment; e.g., contacting microspheres
with a solvent to extract material from their surfaces, etc.
(1) Note. The application of well known techniques for
recovering, separating or isolating materials, e.g.,
filtering sieving, centrifuging, drying, precipitating,
spray-drying, drum drying, freeze-drying, evaporating are not
significant unless accompanied by process limitations, e.g.,
distillation performed at 650 mm Hg., sieving conducted with
specified mesh size, etc.
Subclass:
213.32
Hardening:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213.31. Subject
matter wherein the after treatment comprises hardening of the
microsphere, e.g., chilling, chemically crosslinking etc.
Subclass:
213.33
Using crosslinking agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213.32. Subject
matter wherein a crosslinking agent is used to harden the
final product, e.g., chemically crosslinking gelatin
microcapsules with compounds such as formaldehyde,
glutaraldenhyde, etc.
Subclass:
213.34
Solid-walled microcapsule formed by in situ polymerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213.3. Subject
matter wherein the solid-walled microcapsule is obtained by
the polymerization of one or more reactants contained in the
colloidal emulsion or dispersion system.
(1) Note. A patent which claims an in situ generated
polymer which subsequently reacts with a material; e.g., a
crosslinking agent is not classified here but in subclass
213.31.
Subclass:
213.35
Solid-walled microcapsule formed from gelatin or derivative
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213.3. Subject
matter wherein the solid-walled microcapsule is comprised of
gelatin or derivative thereof.
Subclass:
213.36
Solid-walled microcapsule formed from preformed synthetic
polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213.3. Subject
matter wherein the microencapsulation process employed a
polymer which was not prepared in situ.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein a plurality of different coating materials are
applied to a mass of particles in superposed relationship or
wherein a coating material is applied to an already coated
mass of particles.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein the particulate base material being coated is
inorganic.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass coal particles
are considered to be carbonaceous inorganic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for coating particles wherein the base or coating contains
radioactive material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 570
for metal powder coated with a metal.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Processes
wherein the inorganic base material is metal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, Etc.
subclass 332 for processes of producing solid particulate
free metal directly from liquid metal (e.g., liquid
comminuting, etc.) with subsequent coating of the particles.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Processes
wherein the coating contains metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Processes
wherein the coating contains an insoluble finely divided
solid powder intended to impart color.
(1) Note. The colored particles produced are often intended
to be used as roofing granules.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for pigment
materials.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes
wherein the coating material includes a silicon containing
compound.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Processes
wherein the coating is based on an organic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Processes
wherein the coating contains a material of the resinous,
rubber or hardenable oil type.
(1) Note. Linseed, tung, and other drying oils are
considered hardenable.
(2) Note. Paint is assumed to contain latex rubber or
linseed oil unless otherwise specified.
(3) Note. Shellac and varnish are examples of natural
resins.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein the base comprises an organic synthetic or natural
resinous material.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a coating or surface to be coated is
subjected to contact with a flame.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses exclude flame
contact which may take place in flame spraying which is
generally provided for in subclasses 446+.
(2) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are
processes in which decomposition of a base or coating takes
place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for jet or plasma flame spraying.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 47 for coating apparatus
including flame contact means.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Processes
wherein any applied coating is subjected to flame contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 for treatment of coating with a gas jet or blast which
is not a flame.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Processes
wherein a free metal coating is formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
191 for coating a base with particles and contacting the
applied particles with a flame.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a coating which is on the base is
decomposed by heat or wherein part of a base is decomposed by
heat.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses exclude heat
decomposition of a vapor or gas to form a coating.
(2) Note. This and indented subclasses include
carbonization of a substrate or coating or heat decomposition
of a material in a coating such as a temporary binder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for heat decomposition produced by flame contact.
246 for coagulating a coating to form a microporous
product.
248.1 for heat decomposition of a vapor or gas to form a
coating.
314 for a process which includes preheating a base and then
applying a coating composition which is decomposed
simultaneously with application.
372.2 for heat treatment of a coating without decomposition,
for instance to evaporate a solvent or polymerize a resin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 140 for
singeing or carbonizing of textiles, per se.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 47 for apparatus for
subjecting a surface to a carbonizing treatment.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes
wherein a substrate is carbonized or at least a part of the
substrate is heat decomposed.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes
wherein a liquid or solid coating is heat decomposed to form
elemental carbon or a carbide, which remain as a coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for processes of forming electrical products including a
carbon coating.
226 for decomposing a carbon compound coating completely
where neither a carbon or carbide coating is formed.
249 for the heat decomposition of a gas or vapor to form a
carbon or carbide coating.
399 for carbide coatings formed by reaction of a metal
containing coating with a carbon substrate.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes
wherein a liquid or solid coating is heat decomposed to form
free metal coating.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for decomposition of a
binder for metal which is already in elemental form as well
as decomposition of metal compounds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for the formation of metal carbide coatings.
252 for pack processes and for the decomposition of a
gaseous or vapor metal compound to form a metal coating.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating is applied to an inner or
concave surface of a cavity, bore, depression or hole in the
work.
(1) Note. Materials such as fabrics, foams, felts, etc.,
are not considered hollow even though they may contain
voids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for coating cathode-ray tubes and fluorescent lamps.
105 for coating hollow electrical articles such as light
bulbs and motor stators, etc.
133 for coating molds.
142 for repairing articles, some of which are hollow such as
radiators and boilers, etc.
181 for processes of coating the interior of a hollow
article with particles or fibers.
243 for coating processes wherein a foraminous product is
produced.
476 for a process of coating a hollow article utilizing an
electrostatic charge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 97 for repairing pipe by a
coating process.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes
which include rotating or oscillating the article about an
axis therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for applying a coating to a cathode-ray tube while
rotating it.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Processes
which include removing excess coating material from the
article.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Processes
wherein the coating material is projected by mechanical force
onto the inside of the article.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Processes
wherein the article comprises metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes
which include removing unwanted coating material from the
article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for similar processes which include rotating the
article.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes
wherein the coating material is projected by mechanical force
onto the inside of the article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233 for similar processes which include rotating the
article.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes
wherein a coating is produced on an article by absorption or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor, gas, mist, or
smoke.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes
which include use of pressure above or below atmospheric.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes
wherein the base being coated comprises metal in elemental
form.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include the use of centrifugal force in
coating the base or in post treating the coated base.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for utilizing centrifugal
force in a post-treatment for removing excess coating, etc.
(2) Note. Utilizing centrifugal force to ready the coating
material for application, such as mixing it, is not provided
for in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
231 for processes wherein a hollow article is rotated but no
centrifugal force is defined.
242 for processes of applying coatings by rumbling or
tumbling where the force employed is a hammering force
supplied by gravity rather than centrifugal force.
346 for processes wherein a coated article is rotated, etc.,
but no centrifugal force is defined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 52 for means to centrifuge work.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 74 for processes of surface bonding with
application of centrifugal force.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Processes
wherein a coating which contains metal in elemental form is
treated or applied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
347 below for manipulation of a metal coated article where
centrifugal force is not defined.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include mechanically causing the base to be
turned over and over during or after coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for centrifugal force utilization in a coating process.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which are peculiar to coating a base so that the
resulting product is foraminous or porous.
(1) Note. To be included herein the resulting product must
be porous or foraminous. Applying a porous coating to a
nonporous base is not included herein but classified
according to the coating process.
(2) Note. To be included herein a specific technique for
keeping the pores or openings from being filled must be
included. Thus coating substrates with large openings which
are not easily filled are classified elsewhere on some other
basis. Coating of cloth, sponges, and filters, etc., are
generally here since specific techniques are usually required
to keep the substrate porous.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 150 for
electrolytic coating of perforated, foraminous, or permeable
substrates.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 566
for a consolidated metal powder product having an
interconnected void structure, subclasses 596+ for apertured
metallic stock, and subclass 613 for porous metallic stock.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Processes
wherein the product is (1) a porous material through which a
fluid is passed for the purpose of removing suspended matter,
(2) the porous fibrous skeleton of a marine animal or (3) a
cellular mass formed by solidifying a liquid in which gas
bubbles are entrapped.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Processes
wherein the coating includes openings or holes which are very
small, generally microscopic in size.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for producing a vapor
permeable coating on a base which is used, for example, to
make breathable leatherlike material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 9 for continuous liquid phase colloid systems
(e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or
agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Processes
wherein the coating is a colloidal solution which is caused
to become a soft solid mass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 98 for colloid systems of continuous or
semicontinuous solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase
(gels, pastes, flocs, coagulates) or agents for such systems
or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Processes
wherein the base comprises metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
248.1
COATING BY VAPOR, GAS, OR SMOKE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process under the class definition wherein a coating is
produced on a base (i.e., substrate) by absorption of or
condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor (mist), gas, or
smoke.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for coating by placing a
base in a chamber or reactor filled with mist or smoke. See
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, notes below.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for reaction of a base or
previously applied coating with a gas. However, it does not
provide for decomposing a coating by heat and reacting it
with a gas. See SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS, found
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for a vapor deposition process resulting in an electrical
product having a fluorescent or phosphorescent base or
coating.
74 for coating processes which result in a photoconductive
product.
99 for making a printed circuit by vapor deposition.
124 for producing an electrical product by vapor depositing
a metal coating material.
166 for vapor depositing on glass to make an optical
element.
237 for coating the interior of a hollow article by vapor,
gas, mist, or smoke.
226 through 229 for decomposing a coating which is on a base
by heat and reacting the decomposition material with a gas.
421 through 427 for coating by spraying (i.e., projecting a
mist against a base).
587 through 590, for vapor deposition utilizing resistance
heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, appropriate
subclasses for coating utilizing a gas, vapor, or smoke by
methods of single crystal growing.
148, Metal Treatment, particularly subclasses 206-229 for
processes of carburizing, nitriding, or both of a metal
substrate with a gas or subclasses; and subclasses 240-287
for processes of reactively coating a metal substrate
utilizing a gaseous agent that combines with the metal
substrate to form a coating thereon containing a constituent
of the metal substrate therein.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 128 for processes of making
radiation sensitive products utilizing vacuum deposition.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Processes,
appropriate subclasses for methods of making a semiconductor
device or coating a semiconductor substrate utilizing gas,
vapor, or smoke.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 249-257 for coating a hazardous or toxic waste
using a gas, vapor, or smoke.
Subclass:
249.1
Carbon or carbide coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Process
which results in a carbon or carbide coated base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for forming a carbon coating by heat decomposition of a
solid or liquid.
Subclass:
249.2
Chemical vapor infiltration (i.e., CVI) of porous base (e.g.,
fiber, fibrous web, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process in
which chemical reactants in vapor phase penetrate a porous
substrate (e.g., fiber, fibrous web, etc.) wherein a vapor
phase reaction subsequently occurs to form a coating that
deposits in said porous substrate.
Subclass:
249.3
Fiber or fibrous web or sheet base: (e.g., strand, filament,
fabric, cloth, etc.)
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process
wherein the carbon or carbide coated base is a fiber, fibrous
web, or sheet.
(1) Note. A fiber is considered to be a relatively short,
slender, flexible element of macroscopic size and finite
length and having a width and thickness of the same order of
magnitude. A fiber is generally of staple length to
facilitate its being spun, twisted, or otherwise secured
together into a composite strand but may be of shorter length
requiring bonding, felting, or matting to form a strand or
layer. It may be of animal (e.g., wool, rabbit hair, etc.),
vegetable (e.g., cotton, jute, hemp, etc.), or mineral (e.g.,
asbestos, glass, metal, etc.) origin and may be either
natural, modified, or synthetic.
(2) Note. A strand is considered to be a relatively slender
and flexible element having a width and thickness of the same
order of magnitude and a length which is either (a)
indeterminate or (b) coextensive with the length or width of
a sheet or layer with which it may be associated. A strand
may be a monofilament or it may include either a plurality of
filaments or fibers disposed in parallelism (e.g., tow, etc.)
or constituent fibers and/or filaments knitted, plaited,
braided, twisted, interlaced, interlocked, or otherwise
secured together to form a unit such as roving, thread, yarn,
cord, rope, or cable.
(3) Note. A filament is considered to be a fine threadlike
body or structure whose width and thickness are of the same
order of magnitude.
(4) Note. A fibrous web is considered to be a sheet of
random or organized fibers having length and width each
greater than its thickness and with at least its longitudinal
dimension indeterminate.
(5) Note. A fabric is used in the manufacture of household
furnishings (e.g., draperies, upholstery, etc., and roofing,
clothing, tires, etc.) and is generally claimed as a textile,
cloth, or fabric.
Subclass:
249.4
Inorganic carbon base (e.g., graphite, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.3. Process
wherein the base (i.e., fiber, fibrous web or sheet) is
inorganic carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
249.5
Boron and carbon containing coating (e.g., boron carbide,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains boron and carbon.
Subclass:
249.6
Graphite coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process
wherein the resulting coating consists of a crystallized
allotropic carbon, characterized by a hexagonal arrangement
of its atoms and lattice layers of condensed, aromatic,
sp2-hybridized rings.
Subclass:
249.7
Diamond-like carbon coating (i.e., DLC)
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process
wherein the resulting coating consists primarily of
metastable amorphous carbon and contains both hybridized
tetragonal sp3 and trigonal sp2 bonds.
(1) Note. The diamond-like carbon may contain, in addition
to the primary amorphous phase, crystals ranging in diameter
from 2nm to 20nm.
Subclass:
249.8
Diamond coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process
wherein the resulting coating consists of crystallized
isometric carbon, characterized by an octahedral arrangement
of its atoms and tetragonal sp3 bonds.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, subclass 79 for
processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal of
diamond and subclass 929 for the art collection of carbon
single-crystal references.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 84 for the process of molding
nonmetallic material (e.g., diamond, etc.) utilizing ultra
high pressure generated by an explosive force.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 446 which is
the locus for all diamond making processes (other than
coating processes proper for Class 427) and products, whether
or not a chemical reaction is involved. In Class 423,
subclass 446 is a mandatory search and cross-reference for
all patents which claim forming a free-standing single
crystal diamond.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 1 for apparatus for molding with high
pressure generated by an explosive force and subclass 77 for
making diamonds by applying ultra high pressure.
Subclass:
249.9
Patterned or non-uniform coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.8. Process
which includes forming the diamond coating wherein the
coating is applied (a) only to selected portions of a base,
(b) in such a manner as to produce a coating of non-uniform
thickness, (c) to limited areas only on a base by covering
the other areas, or (d) such that it varies from area to area
as to chemical or physical properties.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a process wherein a
stencil may be temporarily adhered to a base during the step
of applying the coating.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for a process wherein a
discontinuous cover is applied to a base and a different
coating material is then applied to the base through the
discontinuities.
(3) Note. This subclass provides for a process wherein a
patterned coating may be applied to selected areas or an
entire base may be coated with a pattern forming composition;
in the latter case, selected portions of the coating, once
formed, may be removed.
Subclass:
249.11
Hot filament utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.8. Process
which include forming the diamond coating by using a heated
filament.
(1) Note. Generally in hot filament diamond coating
processes, a hot filament, usually heated by an electrical
resistance, is used to excite a gaseous coating mixture and
is preferably positioned in close proximity to the substrate
to be coated.
Subclass:
249.12
Diamond seed crystals utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.8. Process
which include forming the diamond coating by using diamond
seed crystals.
(1) Note. Placement of documents having claims to processes
for using diamond seed crystals to orient the deposition of a
diamond coating is proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
249.13
Tungsten containing base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.8. Process
wherein the base contains tungsten.
Subclass:
249.14
Superposed coatings (i.e., layered):
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.8. Process in
which a coating is applied over a previously applied
coating.
(1) Note. Documents are proper for placement in this
subclass if at least one of the superposed coatings is
diamond.
Subclass:
249.15
Silicon and carbon containing coating (e.g., silicon carbide,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains silicon and carbon.
Subclass:
249.16
Inorganic carbon base (e.g., graphite, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.15. Process
wherein the base is inorganic carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
249.17
Metal carbide containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.1. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains metal carbide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 for pure metal or metal alloy coating processes
utilizing vapor (mist), gas or smoke.
Subclass:
249.18
Chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), or tungsten (W) metal carbide
containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.17. Process
wherein the metal of the metal carbide containing coating is
chromium, molybdenum or tungsten.
Subclass:
249.19
Titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), or hafnium (Hf) metal carbide
containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249.17. Process
wherein the metal of the metal carbide containing coating is
titanium, zirconium or hafnium.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Processes
wherein the resulting coatings is metal in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 938
for composite metallic stock made by a process of this
subclass.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Processes
wherein the base is mechanically moved during the coating
operation.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Processes
wherein the metal is applied to the base by decomposition of
a vaporous metallic compound of the coating metal.
(1) Note. Within the scope of this subclass is the process
of applying a metal coating or alloy formation on the surface
of the base by an exchange of the metal base ions with the
metallic ions of the coating compound; i.e., diffusion.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Processes
wherein the metallic compound contains fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, or iodine.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed; e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
255.11
Base includes an inorganic compound containing silicon or
metal (e.g., glass, ceramic, brick, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Process
wherein the composition of the base includes an inorganic
silicon compound or an inorganic metal containing compound.
(1) Note. This subclass includes coating bases such as
glass, ceramic, brick, stone, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
255.12
Chemical vapor infiltration (i.e., CVI) of porous substrate
(e.g., fiber, fibrous web, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.11. Process in
which chemical reactants in vapor phase penetrate a porous
substrate (e.g. fiber, fibrous web, etc.) wherein a vapor
phase reaction subsequently occurs to form a coating that
deposits in said substrate.
Subclass:
255.13
Glaze coating produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.11. Process
wherein the base is coated with a material (e.g., metallic
halide, sodium silicate, etc.) which forms a glossy,
nonporous surface.
Subclass:
255.14
Organic compound containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.11. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains an organic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
255.15
Plural coatings applied utilizing vapor, gas, or smoke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.11. Process
wherein the base has at least two coatings applied using
vapor (mist), gas, or smoke.
(1) Note. Documents having claims to plural coatings
wherein said coatings might be composed of similar or
dissimilar materials are proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
255.17
Halogen containing coating, reactant, or precursor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.18. Process
which includes the use of a halogen containing material as a
reactant or precursor wherein the resultant coating may or
may not contain halogen.
(1) Note. Coating processes wherein the halogen containing
material reacts to become (a) part of the resultant coating,
(b) part of the reaction materials used to form the coating,
or (c) part of reaction materials used to form other
reactants are proper for placement in this subclass.
Subclass:
255.18
Silicon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.11. Process
wherein the base is coated with a material which contains
silicon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255.14 for processes involving organic silicon containing
coating materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
255.19
Metal oxide containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.11. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains metal oxide.
Subclass:
255.21
Base includes inorganic metal compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.11. Process
wherein the base contains an inorganic metal compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
255.22
Iron compound containing base (e.g. ferric oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.21. Process
wherein the metal is iron.
Subclass:
255.23
Mixture of vapors or gases utilized (e.g., deposition gas and
inert gas, inert gas and reactive gas, two or more reactive
gases, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Process
wherein a mixture of gases or vapors is used to form the
coating.
Subclass:
255.24
Fiber or fibrous web or sheet base (e.g., strand, filament,
fabric, cloth, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.23. Process
wherein the coated base is a fiber, strand, filament or fiber
containing web or sheet.
(1) Note. A fiber is considered to be a relatively short,
slender, flexible element of macroscopic size and finite
length and having a width and thickness of the same order of
magnitude. A fiber is generally of staple length to
facilitate its being spun, twisted or otherwise secured
together into a composite strand but may be of shorter length
requiring bonding, felting or matting to form a strand or
layer. It may be of animal (e.g., wool, rabbit hair, etc.),
vegetable (e.g., cotton, jute, hemp, etc.), or mineral (e.g.,
asbestos, glass, metal, etc.) origin and may be natural,
modified, or synthetic.
(2) Note. A strand is considered to be a relatively slender
and flexible element having a width and thickness of the same
order of magnitude and a length which is either (a)
indeterminate or (b) coextensive with the length or width of
a sheet or layer with which it may be associated. A strand
may be a monofilament or it may include either a plurality of
filaments or fibers disposed in parallelism (e.g., tow, etc.)
or constituent fibers and/or filaments knitted, plaited,
braided, twisted, interlaced, interlocked, or otherwise
secured together to form a unit such as roving, thread, yarn,
cord, rope, or cable.
(3) Note. A filament is considered to be a fine threadlike
body or structure whose width and thickness are of the same
order of magnitude.
(4) Note. A fibrous web is considered to be a sheet of
random or organized fibers having length and width each
greater than its thickness and with at least its longitudinal
dimension indeterminate.
(5) Note. A fabric is considered to be a web, sheet or film
used in the manufacture of household furnishings (e.g.,
draperies, upholstery, etc.) and roofing, clothing, tires,
etc. and is generally claimed as a textile, cloth or fabric.
Subclass:
255.25
Mixture contains liquid or solid particulate suspension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.23. Process
wherein the mixture of vapors or gases contains suspended
discrete liquid or solid particles.
(1) Note. Particles generally consist of matter so small
that they are not ordinarily handled as individual units.
Usually particle size falls within the range of 0.1 to 1000
microns in the largest dimension.
Subclass:
255.26
Coating formed by reaction of vaporous or gaseous mixture
with a base (i.e., reactive coating of non-metal base):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.23. Process
wherein any part of the mixture of vapors or gases is reacted
with a base to form a base supplied coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, for processes of coating utilizing a
reactive composition which reacts with a metal substrate or
composition therefor, also processes of coating a nonmetallic
material with a metal or alloy coating and subsequently
forming a base supplied coating thereon.
Subclass:
255.27
Silicon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.26. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains silicon.
Subclass:
255.28
Coating formed from vaporous or gaseous phase reaction
mixture (e.g., chemical vapor deposition, CVD, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.23. Process
wherein all or any part of the mixture of vapors or gases is
caused to react, resulting in the formation of a coating.
Subclass:
255.29
Inorganic oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium (i.e.,
chalcogen) containing coating (e.g., phosphosilicate, silicon
oxynitride, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.28. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains inorganic oxygen,
sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
255.31
Metal and chalcogen containing coating (e.g. metal oxide,
metal sulfide, metal telluride, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.29. Process
wherein the coating includes chalcogen and metal.
(1) Note. Metal compounds containing chalcogen are proper
for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 for processes for pure metal or metal alloy coatings
utilizing vapor, gas or smoke.
Subclass:
255.32
Plural metal containing coating (e.g., indium oxide/tin
oxide, titanium oxide/aluminum oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.31. Process
wherein the chalcogen containing coating includes at least
two metals.
Subclass:
255.33
Zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), or mercury (Hg) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.31. Process
wherein the metal contained in the coating is zinc, cadmium,
or mercury.
Subclass:
255.34
Gallium (Ga), aluminum (Al), or indium (In) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.31. Process
wherein the metal contained in the coating is gallium,
aluminum, or indium.
Subclass:
255.35
Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), or lead (Pb) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.31. Process
wherein the metal contained in the coating is germanium, tin,
or lead.
Subclass:
255.36
Titanium (Ti) or zirconium (Zr) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.31. Process
wherein the metal contained in the coating is titanium or
zirconium.
Subclass:
255.37
Silicon dioxide coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.29. Process
wherein the chalcogen containing coating is or contains
silicon dioxide.
Subclass:
255.38
Phosphorus or boron containing coating (e.g., aluminum
boride, boron phosphide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.28. Process
wherein the coating contains phosphorus or boron.
Subclass:
255.39
Halogen or halogen compound containing reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.28. Process
wherein halogen (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine,
or astatine), in compound or elemental form, is used as a
reactant.
(1) Note. A halogen containing reaction may have the
halogen as (a) part of the resultant coating, (b) part of
reaction materials used to form the coating, or (c) part of
reaction materials used to form other reactants.
Subclass:
255.391
Titanium compound containing coating (e.g., titanium
carbonitride, titanium nitride, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.39. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains titanium as a
compound.
Subclass:
255.392
Tungsten compound containing coating (e.g., tungsten
silicide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.39. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains tungsten as a
compound.
Subclass:
255.393
Silicon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.39. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains silicon
Subclass:
255.394
Nitrogen containing coating (e.g., metal nitride, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.28. Process
wherein the resulting coating contains nitrogen.
Subclass:
255.395
Inorganic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.23. Process
wherein the resulting coating consists of inorganic
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, the class definition for
the definition of an "organic compound." All compounds not
encompassed by this definition are considered inorganic.
Subclass:
255.4
Base supplied constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Processes
wherein a nonmetal base reacts with the applied coating
material to form a coating of the reaction product.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for reaction products
wherein one of the reactants is a coating which was
previously applied on a base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for heat decomposition of a base.
227 for processes wherein a coating is formed by carbonizing
or charring a base.
301 for processes including a reaction between a coating and
a preapplied chemical agent.
333 for processes including a reaction between two
coatings.
337 for processes including a reaction between a coating and
a subsequently applied chemical agent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 115.51 for the
treatment of textiles and paper wherein the textile or paper
base supplies a part or all of the coating, and subclasses
94.1+ for the treatment of hides, skins, feathers, and animal
tissues wherein the base supplies a part or all of the
coating.
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 240 for applying a
material to a metal base wherein the material and Assisted
with metal base react to form a coating of the reaction
product.
Subclass:
255.5
Moving the base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Processes
wherein the base is mechanically moved while being coated by
the vapor, gas, or smoke.
Subclass:
255.6
Organic coating applied by vapor, gas, or smoke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Processes
wherein the final coating is based on organic materials from
the vapor, gas, or smoke.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope of the term
"organic".
Subclass:
255.7
Plural coatings applied by vapor, gas, or smoke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Processes
wherein at least two different coating materials are applied
by vapor, gas, or smoke to form superposed diverse coatings
on a base.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating (1) is applied only to selected
portions of a base, (2) is applied in such a manner as to
produce a coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from
area to area as to chemical or physical properties.
(1) Note. The intent has to be form a nonuniform coating;
merely coating a rough base which automatically results in a
nonuniform coating thickness is not provided for in this
subclass.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for applying coatings
wherein the only difference in composition of various areas
in the color.
(3) Note. A foamed coating is not considered to be
nonuniform for the purpose of this subclass unless the
disclosure specifically sets forth it is nonuniform.
(4) Note. Merely drilling a hole in a coated base is not
provided for here. However, drilling large numbers of holes
in a coated base to obtain a nonuniform coating is provided
for here.
(5) Note. Partial immersion of a pole to impregnate only
the end which will be underground is excluded from this
subclass and its indents and is provided for in subclass
441.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for a coating process which results in a superconductor
having a nonuniform coating.
68 for a coating process resulting in a fluorescent or
phosphorescent electrical product having a nonuniform
coating.
75 for a coating process resulting in a photosensitive
electrical product having a nonuniform coating.
102 for a coating process which results in an electrical
resistor having a nonuniform coating.
140 for restoring or repairing which may result in a
nonuniform coating.
143 for stencil blank making.
145 for making a developable latent image.
146 for transfer or copy sheet making, especially subclass
177.
180 for applying particle to a base, especially subclass 222
where localized different areas are produced.
197 for applying particles to localized areas of a base.
230 for a nonuniform coating applied to a hollow article to
form a gasket.
466 for a coating process utilizing electrostatic attraction
or projection which may result in a nonuniform coating.
595 for a process of forming a nonuniform coating by
selective irradiation or for a coating process wherein
infrared energy or radiant heat is utilized to form a
nonuniform coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 467, for processes of
transferring a dye, usually in the form of a design, from a
carrier base.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 211, 301 and 406, for
apparatus for applying a coating in a nonuniform manner.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes in
which an irregular surface coating is produced by
intentionally employing coating materials which dry to a
wrinkled appearance or which crack on drying to produce a
"crackled" finish.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
which include sequentially applying a plurality or dissimilar
coating materials in superposed relationship on a base or
applying diverse coating material to the coating on a
previously coated base.
(1) Note. It is not necessary that all of the coatings be
nonuniform for classification here.
(2) Note. A partial coating is considered a nonuniform
coating for the purpose of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for a process of making a transfer having a nonuniform
coating.
273 for a process of treating a nonuniform coating with a
fluid wherein the fluid does not form a coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 601
for metallic stock having a discontinuous surface component.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Processes in
which the base treated has applied to portions thereof a
coating which masks or shields the portions so coated during
further treatment of the exposed portions of the base.
(1) Note. The masking coating may be applied to selected
areas or the entire base may be coated with the mask-forming
composition and selected portions of the coating, thus
formed, removed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for removable protective coatings not used as masks.
272 for processes utilizing preformed masks wherein there is
surface deformation or selective removal of portions of a
coating.
282 for other processes utilizing preformed masks to produce
nonuniform coatings.
300 for processes of shielding entire surfaces during a
coating operation wherein the shielding means is not a
removable protective coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
625 for methods of etching and for combinations of etching
and coating where the etching itself is intended as a
manufacturing step and not merely a preparatory, perfecting
step for the coating.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 215 for processes of soldering,
brazing or welding in which the metal parts have means for
confining the fused filler metal to restricted areas.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Processes
wherein the coating member is a hand-held applicator which
comprises (1) bristles secured to a support or (2) a member
capable of soaking up coating material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for stippling a coating with a brush.
428 for applying a uniform coating with a roller
applicator.
429 for a process of applying coating material with a brush
or absorbent applicator which results in a uniform coating.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Processes
wherein the outermost coating applied is nonuniform.
(1) Note. See generic subclass 256 for the scope of the
term "nonuniform".
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Processes
wherein a nonuniform coating applied varies in character or
color from one area to another and wherein no repetitive
pattern is discernible.
(1) Note. Coatings considered to be variegated include
marbleized, mottled, stippled, wood grained etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for producing wrinkled or crackled coatings.
267 for a process of applying a variegated coating and
applying a uniform coating thereover.
274 and 280, for a process of applying a variegated coating
to a base wherein said variegated coating is the only coating
applied.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 478 for marbleizing
with dyestuffs.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Processes
wherein the applied coating resembles stone or marble.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Processes
which include intentionally deforming or removing portions of
the surface of the base; or deforming or removing selective
portions of the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for a similar process wherein the final coating is
uniform.
271 for a similar process wherein only a single coating is
applied.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Processes
wherein an additional nonuniform coating is applied.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Processes
wherein the base is glass or a ceramic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, and Class 106, Compositions: Coating
or Plastic, for a comprehensive definition of the terms
"glass" and "ceramic".
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Processes
wherein a nonuniform coating applied varies in character or
color from one area to another and wherein no repetitive
pattern is discernible.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for producing wrinkled or crackled coatings.
262 for applying plural coatings wherein the final coating
is variegated.
274 and 280, for applying a single coating which is
variegated.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Processes
wherein the applied coating resembles stone or marble.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Processes
wherein the base is glass or a ceramic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, and Class 106, Compositions: Coating
or Plastic, for a comprehensive definition of the terms
"glass" and "ceramic".
Subclass:
270
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Processes
which include intentionally deforming or removing portions of
the surface of the base; or deforming or removing selective
portions of the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for a similar process wherein a final uniform coating is
applied.
271 for a similar process wherein only a single coating is
applied.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
which include intentionally deforming or removing portions of
the surface of the base; or deforming or removing selective
portions of the coating.
(1) Note. For the general line between this subclass and
Class 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or
Treating: Processes, with regard to the combination of
processes of reshaping or deforming plus coating, see the
notes to Class 264, subclass 129.
(2) Note. The deformation or removal step, per se, is also
included in this and the indented subclasses when not more
specifically provided for in other classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 wherein the coating is self-deforming.
264 and 270, for similar processes which include applying a
plurality of coatings.
355 for utilizing a solid treating member on the coating
which leaves the coating uniform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 44 for coating apparatus
combined with means to deform the base, and subclasses 100+
for coating apparatus having solid members acting on the
coated base to modify the coating.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
625 for methods of etching and for combinations of etching
and coating where the etching itself is intended as a
manufacturing step and not merely a preparatory, perfecting
step for the coating.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 129, for processes of molding or shaping
within the class definition plus a coating step.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes
wherein a nonuniform coating is obtained by covering selected
areas of the base being coated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for applying a masking coating plus another coating.
282 for processes employing masks or stencils to obtain
nonuniform coatings and not involving surface deformation or
the selective removal of portions of the coating.
Subclass:
273
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes
wherein a portion of the coating is removed or deformed by
contacting it with a gas or liquid.
(1) Note. The liquid may be a solvent, swelling agent, or
other liquid which treats the coating either physically or
chemically.
(2) Note. A gas or vaporized liquid may be used to give the
coating a physical or a chemical treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336 and 337+, for treating a coating after its application
wherein the coating remains uniform.
Subclass:
274
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes
wherein the nonuniform coating applied varies in character or
color from one area to another and wherein no repetitive
pattern is discernible.
(1) Note. Coatings considered to be variegated include
marbleized, mottled, stippled and wood grained.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for producing wrinkled or crackled coatings.
262 for applying a plurality of coatings wherein the final
coating is variegated.
280 for applying a variegated coating without any
deformation of the base or coating.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes
which include a mechanical or chemical treatment of the base
to deform the surface thereof either before or after applying
the coating material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299 for processes which include pretreating a base prior to
applying a uniform coating which pretreating may result in a
nonuniform base.
Subclass:
276
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Processes
wherein the coating is deformed by the same operation which
deforms the surface of the base.
(1) Note. The process of this subclass can be carried out
or an article wherein both the base and coating are uniform
so long as the final article has a nonuniform coating.
Subclass:
277
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes
which include contacting the coating with a solid member to
deform or remove a portion thereof.
Subclass:
278
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Processes
wherein the solid treating member is cylindrical and rotates
about an axis.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein the coating being applied contains glass-like
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for a process of applying vitrifiable particles to a
base.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein the nonuniform coating applied varies in character or
color from one area to another and wherein no repetitive
pattern is discernible.
(1) Note. Coatings considered to be variegated include
marbleized, mottled and wood grained, coatings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for producing wrinkled and crackled coatings.
262 for applying a plurality of coatings wherein the final
coating is variegated.
274 for a coating process which includes deformation or
removal of a portion of a coating which process results in a
variegated surface.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes
wherein the coating resembles stone or marble.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein coating is applied to limited areas only on a base by
covering the other areas.
(1) Note. The mask or stencil may be temporarily adhered to
the base during the step of applying the coating.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for a process wherein a
discontinuous cover is applied to a base and a different
coating material is then applied to the base through the
discontinuities. However, if the cover or mask coating is
coated while coating through the discontinuities subclass 259
is indicated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for applying plural superposed coatings including a
masking coating and see (2) Note to this subclass 307.
272 for a coating process utilizing a mask which process
includes deforming the base or coating or removing a portion
of the coating.
595 a process including irradiating selected areas of a
coating by utilizing a mask.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 115 for
treating a portion of a textile product which may utilizing a
mask.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 247 for laminating processes involving stripping of
an adhered lamina and subclass 280 for coating subsequent to
a laminating step.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein a coating contains material which crystallizes or
solidifies in situ or reagents which precipitate solid matter
in situ.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein only the edge or border of a base is coated.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes for coating the
edges of stacked or rolled sheets.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
282 for processes of bordering or edging using a mask.
286 processes of applying stripes to a base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 107 for processes for sealing the edges of
laminated glass.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Processes
wherein the base is either (1) a water laid fibrous material
or (2) a body comprising an assembly of interengaged fibers
or filaments.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein the coating is applied in long narrow lines.
(1) Note. The strips are not required to be parallel or
straight.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for striping or roads or the earth.
282 for application of strips using a mask.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein the base being coated is metal; glass or a ceramic
material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, and Class 106, Compositions: Coating
or Plastic, for a comprehensive definition of the terms
"glass" and "ceramic".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 and 269, for nonuniform coating processes wherein a
plurality of layers are applied to a metal, glass, or ceramic
base.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes
wherein the base being coated is either (1) a water laid
fibrous material or (2) a body comprising an assembly of
interengaged fibers or filaments.
Subclass:
289
Processes under the definition wherein a coating step is
combined with contacting the base with a solid member to (1)
divide the base into plural parts or (2) remove a portion of
the base material.
(1) Note. Making holes in or removing part of the base by
chemical action is excluded from this subclass.
(2) Note. Sandpaper is considered a solid member for the
purposes of this subclass and thus sandpapering the base is
provided for here.
(3) Note. Pricking the base with a small needle like device
is also provided for here.
(4) Note. Injecting is assumed to involve severing the base
and is provided for here, generally in indented subclass
291.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for processes which include stretching the base.
198 for applying a coating of particles to a base and
deforming the base.
275 for processes of forming nonuniform coatings which
include deforming the base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 153 for abrading or grinding of lamina.
451, Abrading, 28 for a method of abrading, generally.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Processes
wherein the cutting, holing, abrading, or severing is
performed before the base is coated.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Processes
wherein the base is derived from the trunks or branches of
trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed; e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
(2) Note. Injection is assumed to include making a hole in
the wood base and therefore injecting is provided for here
unless it is clear no hole is made through which the coating
material or impregnant enters. If hydraulic pressure is used
to force liquid into the pores without utilizing an
instrument to make a hole the patent is not here, but in
subclasses 440+ below.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Processes
wherein the substrate is based on an inorganic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Processes
wherein the base is merely cut to length after the coating
has been applied.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the base is treated with a vacuum or
subatmospheric pressure before coating or while the coating
is being applied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for utilizing a vacuum to coat a hollow article.
248.1 for vapor deposition of a coating utilizing a vacuum.
350 for vacuum treatment of a coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
249 for the use of a vacuum in a coating process to contain
hazardous or toxic waste.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Processes
wherein the base comprises metal in elemental form.
(1) Note. For the scope of the term "base", see the class
definition at I, B, 1.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass
539.5, 545, and 567 for such materials having interengaged
phases of different materials, usually made by impregnation.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Processes
wherein the substrate is based on an organic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds for the scope of the term
"organic".
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed; e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Processes
wherein the coating is creosote, wax, oil, asphalt, or
bitument containing.
(1) Note. Included herein are any heavy oil or tar like
material with properties similar to those materials
specifically set out.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein prior to applying a coating, steps are
taken to chemically or physically modify the base.
(1) Note. "Base" is meant to be an uncoated substrate.
Pretreating the first coating prior to applying the second
coating is not provided for here. Such treating is
considered a post-treatment.
(2) Note. Included herein are such operations as washing,
cleaning, drying, compressing, heating, etc.
(3) Note. Processes limited to etching for making a base
move compatible with or adherent to the coating, wherein the
base is the substrate (work) onto which a coating is applied
are included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for pretreatment of a base prior to forming a magnetic
coating.
154 for applying a removable protective coating prior to
applying the final coating.
223 for flame contact processes.
333 and 402+, for applying plural solid film forming
coatings even though one of said coating may be in the nature
of a preparatory treatment.
444 for a pretreating process without a claimed step of
applying a coating.
532 for a pretreatment involving the direct use of
electrical, magnetic, or wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 137 and see the notes
thereto for certain cleaning processes.
118, Coating Apparatus, 72 for coating apparatus combined
with means to prepare the base to receive the coating.
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, for mere methods of use of such compositions
claimed along with the cleaning composition, per se.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
wherein a base is provided with shielding or spacing means to
facilitate or prevent coating.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, the coating
of one side of a sheet only, by placing or securing two
sheets in intimate contact whereby the contacting surfaces
remain uncoated, and the coating of shingles in bundle form
by employing spacer means therebetween.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for a process which
includes applying a masking coating uniformly to one side of
a base so that only the other side is coated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for processes of applying removable protective coatings
where the coating is not a mask or shield to prevent
application of another coating.
272 and 282, for processes of utilizing a mask or stencil to
protect selected areas on the same surface.
284 for processes of coating edges only of stacked sheets or
webs.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
wherein a material is applied to the base which will react
with the coating, or promote a reaction or hardening of the
coating, when said coating is applied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for applying a plurality of film forming coatings which
react with each other.
337 for applying a chemical agent to an applied coating and
also for a process wherein the pretreating chemical agent
supplies a substantial part of the final coating.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes
wherein the coating contains a material of the resinous,
rubber or hardenable oil type.
(1) Note. Linseed, tung, and other drying oils are
considered hardenable, for example.
(2) Note. Paint is assumed to contain latex rubber or
linseed oil unless otherwise specified.
(3) Note. Shellac and varnish are examples of natural
resins.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Processes
wherein the base is a carbohydrate material derived from the
structural matter of plant life.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes
wherein a base is treated prior to applying a coating which
contains metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Processes
wherein the coating contains nickel, copper, cobalt, or
chromium in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 655 for a
metallic composite in which a component has a transition
metal base.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Processes
wherein the coating is based on an organic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds for the scope of the term
"organic".
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
wherein either a portion of the base is removed by contact
with a chemical agent or a solvent for the base is absorbed
into the base.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for processes
where the base is merely cleaned of extraneous material or a
material which is not a normal part of the base, but does
provide for dissolving out of natural fats, oils etc., prior
to coating.
(2) Note. Leaching with a solvent or acid is considered
etching for this subclass.
(3) Note. This subclass does not provide for pickling
unless etching is set forth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 and 327+, for cleaning by more than name only of a
substrate prior to coating.
336 for solvent, swelling or washing treatment of a
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, appropriate subclasses
for processes of etching where the etching is not to perfect
a subsequently applied coating, and for processes of etching
combined with a coating process where the etching is a
manufacturing step and is not intended to improve the
adherence of the applied coating to a substrate.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Processes
wherein the base is a carbohydrate material derived from the
structural matter of plant life.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Processes
wherein the substrate is based on an inorganic material.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include mere pickling
unless etching of the base is set forth.
(2) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 for pickling a metal base prior to coating.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
wherein a base is treated with a flux prior to coating,
usually to prevent the formation of oxides.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, 23 for flux compositions.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 33 and 203+ for means and
process, respectively, of fluxing prior to metallurgical
surface bonding; i.e., welding, soldering or brazing.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Processes
wherein the flux floats on a molten metal coating bath and
the base passes through the flux before contacting the molten
metal.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes
wherein the coating contains lead or tin in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 643, 645, and
646+ for a metallic composite in which a component has a tin
or lead base.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Processes
wherein the coating contains lead or tin in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 643, 645, and
646+ for a metallic composite in which a component has a tin
or lead base.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
wherein prior to coating the temperature of the base is
raised above ambient or liquid is removed from the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for heating to fuse a particle coating.
223 for flame contact prior to coating.
226 for preheating a substrate to decompose a liquid or
solid coating material.
248.1 for preheating a substrate to decompose a gaseous or
vapor coating material.
372.2 for heat treatment of a coating.
591 for coating processes including dielectric heating or
induction.
592 for coating processes including resistance heating.
595 for coating processes including infrared heating.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Processes
wherein the base is preheated with steam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
377 for processes of treating a coating with steam.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Processes
wherein the substrate being coated is based on an organic
material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds for the scope of the term
"organic".
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed, e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Processes
wherein a base comprising metal in elemental form is heated
or dryed prior to coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for processes of
heat treating a metal to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
property of the metal combined with a coating operation. See
section III of the Class 427 definition and section III, C,
of the Class 148 definition for further clarification.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Processes
which result in a coating of metal in elemental form on the
base.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes
wherein the coating contains aluminum in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 650 for a
metallic composite in which a component has an aluminum
base.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes
wherein the coating contains zinc in elemental form.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
wherein the substrate being treated is based on organic
material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds for the scope of the term
"organic".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses
for chemical modification of textiles and paper and for fluid
treatment of textiles.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes
wherein the base contains a natural protein.
(1) Note. Included herein, for example, are silk, wool,
hide, leather, fur, hair, etc.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes
wherein the base is a carbohydrate material derived from the
structural matter of plant life.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed, e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Processes
wherein the substrate is a water laid fibrous cellulosic
material.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
wherein the base comprises elemental metal.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses includes pickling
unless etching is set forth for subclass 309.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for heating a metal base prior to application of coating
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 81.01 for the removal of scale by
scraping, flexing or treatment with water or steam.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for metal
cleaning or pickling processes in general, including those
processes wherein the acid, alkali or detersive material
employed contains an oil or lubricant whereby a film of oil
or lubricant may be left on the metal surface after the
cleaning treatment.
148, Metal Treatment, 240 and the definitions thereof for
reactive treatment of a metal base.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Processes
wherein the coating contains metal in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
191 for metal coatings produced from powdered metal material
which is fused or sintered on the substrate after
application.
310 for pretreating with a flux.
319 for applying a metal coating to a metal base after heat
treating the base.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Processes
wherein the metal coating is applied by immersion of the base
in a molten metal bath.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Processes
wherein a glassy or porcelain enamel like material is applied
to the pretreated base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for vitreous coatings produced from powdered vitrifiable
material which is fused or sintered on the substrate after
application.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include applying a coating material to a base
and thereafter modifying the coating by changing its chemical
or physical characteristics.
(1) Note. Applying a second coating to a first coating
wherein no modification of the coatings takes place is not
here, but provided for in subclasses 402+. Employing an
inert atmosphere above a coating bath is not here, but in
subclass 432.
(2) Note. Removal of excess coating material is included
herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for post-treatment of magnetic coatings.
140 for processes directed to the restoration or repairing
of coating.
206 for excess removal of particulate or fibrous coating
material.
235 for removal of excess coating material from a hollow or
cylindrical article.
289 for cutting, holing or severing treatments.
402 for applying superposed diverse coatings wherein the
second coating does not specifically modify the first
coating.
444 for post-treatment without a claimed step of applying a
coating.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes in
which the coating is treated to overcome or prevent odor.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a process which
includes applying perfume to a coated base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 5 for
process of deodorizing other than coating.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, 823 for sorption
removal from a hydrocarbon of a chemically undetermined
odorant.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes in
which a treating agent, such as a solvent, reactant, hardened
or catalyst for one coating is applied as part of a
contiguous film forming coating so that plural coatings are
formed.
(1) Note. The mere cooperative effect produced by two
coatings, such as better corrosion resistance, etc., is not
considered treatment for the purposes of this subclass. One
of the film forming coatings has to cause a change to take
place in the other film forming coating for placement in this
subclass.
(2) Note. The temperature of one coating affecting another
coating is not considered enough for placement in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for applying an agent to a base before coating it
wherein the agent does not form a permanent coating.
336 for applying a solvent which does not form a film.
337 for applying a chemical agent which does not form a
film.
402 for applying coatings in which one coating does not
include a treating agent for another coating.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein the coating is contacted by an oil or by a wax to
treat the coating.
(1) Note. The oil usually floats on top of a molten metal
coating bath and the base is withdrawn through the oil. The
base also contacts the oil when being dipped into the bath,
but the purpose of the oil is for post-treatment and not
pretreatment.
(2) Note. The oil or wax must be used to treat the coating
and not intended to be a second coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
416 for applying plural diverse coatings wherein one coating
contains wax.
417 for applying plural diverse coatings wherein one coating
contains oil.
Subclass:
335
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein a solvent in vapor form is employed to treat the
coating.
(1) Note. Utilizing a solvent vapor zone above a coating
bath is provided for here.
Subclass:
336
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
which includes applying a chemical agent capable of
dissolving or being absorbed into the applied coating.
(1) Note. For classification here the solvent must be
employed to treat the whole coating and not merely to clean
it or dissolve out only a constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for treating a coating with a solvent vapor.
352 for utilizing a liquid solvent to extract only a
constituent of a coating or to clean a coating.
372.2 for heating or drying a coating which included a
solvent when it was applied.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 83 for swelling of a lamina.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, particularly subclass 341 and 343 for processes
of solvent polishing or swelling shaped or solid articles.
Subclass:
337
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes in
which a coating is treated with a chemical agent to modify
the coating.
(1) Note. Chemical agents which themselves form a permanent
coating are not considered treating agents.
(2) Note. Utilizing a specific atmosphere to prevent a
coating from undergoing a change; e.g., reducing to prevent
oxidation, is not considered treating.
(3) Note. This subclass provides for applying a first
material and thereafter applying a second material which
reacts with the first material to form a coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for forming a foraminous product by jelling or
coagulating the coating.
248.1 for treating a coating with a gas wherein part of the
gas becomes part of the final coating.
332 where the treatment functions to deodorize the coating.
333 where the treating agent is applied with a film forming
material to form plural coatings.
336 for solvent, swelling or washing treatment of a
coating.
377 for process of heating or drying a coating in a modified
atmosphere.
Subclass:
338
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Processes
wherein the coating is a protein or protein derivative.
Subclass:
339
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Processes
wherein the coating is a carbohydrate material derived from
the structural matter of plant life.
Subclass:
340
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Processes
wherein the coating contains (1) a material of the resinous,
rubber or hardenable oil type or (2) a substance which
precedes the formation of a material as set forth in (1).
(1) Note. Linseed, tung, and other drying oils are
considered hardenable, for example.
(2) Note. Paint is assumed to contain latex rubber or
linseed oil unless otherwise specified.
(3) Note. Shellac and varnish are examples of natural
resins.
Subclass:
341
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes
wherein the treating agent is based on inorganic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
Subclass:
342
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes
wherein the base is either (1) formed by a textile operation
or (2) a carbohydrate material derived from the structural
matter of plant life.
(1) Note. Textile operations include, for example, weaving,
knitting, braiding, twisting, needling, etc.
Subclass:
343
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Processes
wherein the coating being treated is based on inorganic
material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
Subclass:
344
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Processes
wherein the inorganic coating comprises a silicon containing
compound.
Subclass:
345
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein excess coating material is recirculated to the place
of application or where the excess coating material is
regenerated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
331 where the excess coating material is recovered or
removed, but recirculation or regeneration of the coating
material is not defined.
346 for removal of excess coating material by moving the
coated base where neither recirculation nor regeneration is
set forth.
355 for removal of excess coating material with a solid
member where recirculation or regeneration is not set forth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 61 and 600+ for coating
apparatus with means to treat the coating material.
Subclass:
346
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein the coated work or article is moved in a certain
position or direction, or is given a particular motion (i.e.,
vibrated, rotated, etc.), to distribute the applied coatings,
remove excess coating or otherwise treat the coated product.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for rotation of the base
wherein the force of gravity acts to spread the coating
material. However if the base is rotated fast enough so that
centrifugal force distributes the coating material the
process is in subclasses 240+ above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for processes where a hollow article is rotated to
remove excess coating material.
240 for treatment of a coating by means of centrifugal
force.
331 for processes wherein a coated article is positioned in
a rack to drain, but is not moved in a specified manner.
335 for application of a coating by rumbling or tumbling.
600 for use of sonic or ultrasonic vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 56, for apparatus for manipulating
work after coating to distribute or remove excess coating.
Subclass:
347
This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Processes
wherein a coating containing metal in elemental form is
treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for treatment of a metal coated article by centrifugal
force.
Subclass:
348
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein the coating is treated with a gas jet or blast so
that the force of the gas modifies the coating.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include processes wherein
the coated article is treated by or in an atmosphere or gas
which does not apply a physical force to the coated article.
Merely drying with a jet of air is not provided for here.
Such processes are classified according to the process
employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for flame contact after coating.
377 for drying by gas movement where the physical force of
the gas is not relied on to directly treat the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 62 and 63 for coating
apparatus including means to treat the coated work by gas
blast.
Subclass:
349
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Processes
wherein a coating which contains metal in elemental form is
treated.
Subclass:
350
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
which include utilizing vacuum or reduced pressure during the
post-treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for utilizing a vacuum or reduced pressure in a process
of coating a hollow article.
294 for utilizing a vacuum or reduced pressure prior to or
during a coating process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 50 for coating apparatus
having a vacuum chamber.
Subclass:
351
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed; e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
352
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
which include extracting a constituent of the applied coating
material with a liquid or cleaning the coating.
(1) Note. Washing which is set forth as being merely to
cool or heat the coating is excluded from this subclass and
is provided for in subclasses 372.2+ or 374.1+,
respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for a process which includes applying a chemical agent
to a coated base wherein said agent reacts with an undesired
part of the coating to facilitate its removal.
355 for processes wherein a solid treating member or
material acts to remove excess coating material, but does not
absorb solvent.
372.2 for washing a coating merely to heat it.
374.1 for washing a coating merely to cool it.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 109 for coating apparatus
including an absorbent or porous mass or pad member acting on
the coating after application.
Subclass:
353
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Processes
which include utilizing relatively pure water in the
post-treatment.
(1) Note. In a process which sets forth that the coating is
washed, without disclosing what it is washed with, it is
assumed the washing agent is water.
(2) Note. An aqueous solution of something used to wash the
coating is not provided for in this subclass.
Subclass:
354
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Processes
wherein the coating is dryed after it has been treated with
water.
Subclass:
355
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein the post-treatment is performed by contacting the
coating with a solid member or solid material.
(1) Note. This subclass and indented subclasses do not
include the use of a solid treating member submerged in
coating material in which the base is immersed or through
which it passes.
(2) Note. The coating may be buffed, smoothed, wiped, or
polished, etc.
(3) Note. This subclass and indented subclasses provides
for removing excess coating material with a solid member or
solid material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for post-treatment of a coated welding rod with a solid
treating member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 100 for coating apparatus including
a solid member or material acting on the coating after
application.
Subclass:
356
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Processes
wherein the solid treating member is a die, blade or sharp
edged tool.
(1) Note. This subclass will take coating processes in
which the coating material is applied directly ahead of a
knife or blade, that is "knife coating".
(2) Note. For classification here the edge of the blade
must be utilized to treat the coating. If a thin curved
member is employed to smooth the coating by contacting the
coating with a curved surface of the member classification is
not here even if the curved member is considered a blade.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
289 for processes including cutting, holing or severing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 125 for coating apparatus
including die passage.
Subclass:
357
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Processes
wherein a coating containing metal in elemental form is
treated.
Subclass:
358
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Processes
wherein the coating is based on an organic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope of the term
"organic".
Subclass:
359
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Processes
wherein the solid treating member is generally circular in
cross section and designed to rotate about an internal axis.
(1) Note. This subclass includes rotary wipers, but not
rotary brushes. For rotary brushes see subclass 368 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for applying a coating and rolling it to make a road
surface.
242 for coating processes including rumbling or tumbling.
428 for roller application of the coating material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 110 for coating apparatus including
a rotary member acting on the coating after application.
Subclass:
360
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Processes
wherein a coating containing metal in elemental form is
treated.
Subclass:
361
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Processes
wherein the base is a water laid fibrous sheet.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for calendering coated
paper, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 136 for
treatment of coated paper.
Subclass:
362
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Processes
wherein the coated paper is set while in contact with a
casting surface such as a cylinder or drum.
Subclass:
363
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Processes
wherein the paper base is coated with a wax or oil containing
coating.
(1) Note. Materials such as heavy hydrocarbon, tars, etc.,
having properties similar to wax or oil are included in this
subclass.
Subclass:
364
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Processes
wherein the coating being treated contains casein or starch.
Subclass:
365
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Processes
wherein the coating is treated by the action of a pair of
cylindrical members, which each rotates about a longitudinal
axis through itself, while passing therebetween.
Subclass:
366
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Processes
which include heating the coating before, after, or during
treatment with the roller, drum, or cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
194 for hot rolling a coating of particles to form a smooth
coating.
Subclass:
367
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Processes
wherein a free metal coating is treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 and 360, for treatment with certain solid treating
members.
Subclass:
368
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Processes
wherein the solid treating member comprises bristles secured
to a support.
(1) Note. Rotary brushes are included in this subclass.
Subclass:
369
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Processes
wherein the solid treating member applies pressure to the
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for processes wherein pressure is used in coating a
hollow or cylindrical article.
331 for processes wherein hydraulic or gaseous pressure is
employed to post-treat a coating.
355 for processes wherein wiping, smoothing, polishing,
sanding etc., alone is defined even though some pressure is
inherent.
356 for processes wherein pressure is applied by a die.
359 especially 361+, for processes wherein pressure is
applied by rollers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 35 for methods of pressing not elsewhere
classified.
Subclass:
370
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Processes
wherein heat and pressure are employed together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
366 for a process wherein a heated roller is utilized to
post-treat the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 60 and 101 for coating
apparatus including heated treating members.
Subclass:
371
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Processes in
which the substrate is based on an organic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope of the term
"organic".
Subclass:
372.2
Heating or drying (e.g., polymerizing, vulcanizing, curing,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein the temperature of the coating is raised above
ambient or the moisture content of the coating is reduced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for contacting a coating with flame.
226 for heat decomposition of a coating.
246 for coagulating a microporous coating.
366 and 370, for pressure and heat treating a coating.
591 for dielectric heating.
592 for resistance heating.
595 for infrared or radiant heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for processes of
heat treating a metal to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
property of the metal combined with a coating operation. See
the Class 427 definition, References to Other Classes, and
the Class 148 definition, Lines With Other Clsases, Chemcial
Coating, Cleaning, tching, etc." for further clarification.
Subclass:
373
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
wherein the coating is caused to foam or wherein bubbles or
cells are formed in the coating during heating or drying.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 and 245+, for the formation of microporous coatings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
77 for pore forming or foaming a lamina in situ.
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 51 for
pore-forming, per se, in a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition.
Subclass:
374.1
And cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
wherein a positive cooling step is set forth in addition to
the heating or drying.
(1) Note. This subclass excludes processes in which cooling
is merely inherent and no cooling step is defined (e.g.,
allowing to cool, permitting to cool to room temperature,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 69 for coating apparatus
including cooling means.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 80 for surface bonding with refrigeration or
freezing.
Subclass:
374.2
Heating after cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374.1. Processes
wherein a heating step takes place after the positive cooling
step.
Subclass:
374.3
Without intervening coating step:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374.2. Processes
wherein a coating is not applied between the positive cooling
step and the subsequent heating step.
Subclass:
374.4
Fused or molten coating cooled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374.1. Processes
wherein the coating which is cooled is molten or heat fused.
Subclass:
374.5
Liquid or solid cooling medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374.4. Processes
wherein heat is transferred from the coating through a medium
which is in solid or liquid form.
Subclass:
374.6
Vacuum, vapor, or gas other than air utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374.4. Processes
wherein the cooling takes place in a vacuum or the cooling
medium is a gas other than air.
Subclass:
374.7
Vitreous or glazed coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374.4. Processes
wherein the coating is glass or glasslike.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for forming a vitreous coating by applying solid
vitrifiable particles to a base and treating the particles to
form a glass or glasslike coating.
Subclass:
375
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
wherein the coating is fused or softened by heating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for the fusion of coatings applied as particles.
Subclass:
376.1
Inorganic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Processes
wherein the coating is based on inorganic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for fusion of inorganic solid particles which have been
applied to a base to form a coating.
Subclass:
376.2
Metal oxide- or silicon-containing coating (e.g., glazed,
vitreous enamel, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 376.1. Processes
wherein the inorganic coating contains silicon or a metal
oxide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
190 for fusion of solid metallic compound particles which
have been applied to a base to form a coating.
Subclass:
376.3
Metal-containing coating (e.g., cermet, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 376.2. Processes
wherein the coating material also contains metal in elemental
form.
Subclass:
376.4
Metal base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 376.2. Processes
wherein the base comprises metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
376.5
Ferrous base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 376.4. Processes
wherein the base comprises ferrous metal.
Subclass:
376.6
Metal-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 376.1. Processes
wherein the coating contains metal in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
191 for fusion of solid metal particles which have been
applied to a base to form a coating.
Subclass:
376.7
Coating consists of metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 376.6. Processes
wherein the coating material contains nothing except the
metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
376.8
Metal base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 376.7. Processes
wherein the base comprises metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
377
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
wherein the atmosphere in which the coating is heat treated
or dried is modified physically as by movement or includes a
chemical composition or gas mixture other than the ambient
air.
(1) Note. Utilizing air to which humidity has been added or
removed is included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for post-treating a coating in a vacuum at a reduced
pressure.
Subclass:
378
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Processes
wherein the atmosphere moves in a defined manner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 for mechanically treating a coating by the force of a
blast of gas or air.
Subclass:
379
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
which include a plurality of heating or drying steps.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a process which
includes a single heating step and a single different drying
step.
Subclass:
380
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Processes
wherein the coating being treated contains free metal or a
metallic compound.
Subclass:
381
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Processes
wherein the base is either (a) formed by a textile operation
or (b) a carbohydrate material derived from the structural
matter of plant life.
(1) Note. Textile operations includes, for example,
weaving, knitting, braiding, twisting, needling, etc.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Processes
wherein the base is either a carbohydrate material derived
from the structural matter of plant life or a water laid
fibrous material.
Subclass:
383.1
Metal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
wherein a coating containing metal in elemental form is
treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
191 for processes wherein metal particles are fused to form
a coating.
224 for processes wherein a metal coating is treated by
flame contact.
229 for processes wherein a nonmetallic coating is
decomposed by heat to form a metal coating.
Subclass:
383.3
Inorganic base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 383.1. Processes
wherein the base comprises inorganic material.
Subclass:
383.5
Fused oxide-containing base (e.g., ceramic, glass, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 383.3. Processes
wherein the base contains fused oxide material.
Subclass:
383.7
Metal base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 383.3. Processes
wherein the base contains metal in elemental form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for processes of
heat treating a metal to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
property of metal combined with a coating operation. Since a
diffusion may be involved in a coating operation involving
metal and diffusion involves the microstructure of metal, per
se, coating operations (i.e., other than reactive coating
operations) go as original in Class 427 if the specified
diffusion occurs during the coating step. However, a heat
treatment step of the solid metal, independent of the coating
step which causes diffusion to affect the micro structure of
the metal goes as original to Class 148.
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
wherein the coating is based on organic materials.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope of the
term, "organic".
Subclass:
385.5
Resin, resin precursor, rubber, or hardenable oil-containing
coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Processes
wherein the coating contains (a) a material of the resinous,
rubber, or hardenable oil type, or (b) a substance which
precedes the formation of a material as set forth in (a).
(1) Note. Linseed, tung, and other drying oils are
considered hardenable, for example.
(2) Note. Paint is assumed to contain latex rubber or
linseed oil unless otherwise specified.
(3) Note. Shellac and varnish are examples of natural
resins.
(4) Note. Polymeric compounds are considered resins for the
purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the coating contains a polyepoxide or epoxy resin.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the coating includes a silicon containing compound.
Subclass:
388.1
Metal base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the base comprises metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
388.2
Cross-linked or infusible coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 388.1. Processes
wherein the applied coating, after post-treatment, is in a
cross-linked or infusible state.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for applying a coating and
treating it to cause it to become thermoset.
Subclass:
388.3
Aldehyde-containing precursor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 388.2. Processes
wherein the coating material applied contains or liberates an
aldehyde.
(1) Note. Urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde are
examples of resultant coatings formed by heating the applied
coating material.
Subclass:
388.4
Water-containing coating (i.e., aqueous dispersion, emulsion,
or solution):
This subclass is indented under subclass 388.1. Processes
wherein the coating material contains water.
Subclass:
388.5
Nonaqueous dispersion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 388.1. Processes
wherein the coating material is a nonaqueous dispersion.
Subclass:
389
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the base contains protein.
(1) Note. Included herein are materials such as wool,
leather, fur, hide, silk, etc.
Subclass:
389.7
Glass base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the base comprises glass.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, for a comprehensive definition of
the term "glass".
Subclass:
389.8
Fiberglass base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.7. Processes
wherein the glass base is in fiber or textile form.
Subclass:
389.9
Textile or cellulose base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the base is either (a) formed by a textile operation,
or (b) a carbohydrate material derived from the structural
matter of plant life.
(1) Note. Textile operations include, for example, weaving,
knitting, braiding, twisting, needling, etc.
Subclass:
391
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.9. Processes
wherein the substrate is a water laid fibrous material.
Subclass:
392
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.9. Processes
wherein the base is a cellulose material which has not been
chemically modified.
(1) Note. Included herein are materials such as cotton and
wood fibers, etc.
Subclass:
393
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed, e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
393.1
Antistatic properties increased:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.9. Processes
wherein the applied coating increases the antistatic
properties of the treated base.
Subclass:
393.2
Wrinkle resistance or crease holding properties increased:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.9. Processes
wherein the flame resistant property of the base is
increased.
Subclass:
393.3
Flame resistance increased:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.9. Processes
wherein the flame resistant property of the base is
increased.
Subclass:
393.4
Antisoiling or water repellency increased:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.9. Processes
wherein the property of the base to resist soiling or to
repel water is increased.
Subclass:
393.5
Resin, rubber, or elastomer base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the base comprises resin, rubber, or elastomer.
Subclass:
393.6
Asbestos, ceramic, concrete, or masonry base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.5. Processes
wherein the base comprises asbestos, ceramic, concrete, or a
masonry material.
Subclass:
394
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Processes
wherein the base is either (1) formed by a textile operation
or (2) a carbohydrate material derived from the structural
matter of plant life.
(1) Note. Textile operations includes, for example,
weaving, knitting, braiding, twisting, needling, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
389.9 for coating a textile or cellulosic base with a resin
or rubber containing coating.
Subclass:
395
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Processes
wherein the base is a water laid fibrous material.
Subclass:
396
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Processes
wherein the base is a cellulose material which has not been
chemically modified.
(1) Note. Included herein are materials such as cotton and
wood fibers, etc.
Subclass:
397
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed; e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
397.7
Inorganic silicon-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372.2. Processes
wherein the resultant coating comprises inorganic silicon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
384 especially subclass 387, for processes in which the
resultant coating comprises organic silicon.
Subclass:
397.8
Alkali silicate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 397.7. Processes
wherein the resultant coating is an alkali silicate.
(1) Note. The coating before treatment may contain an
organic silicate, such as alkyl silicate, but for
classification here such must be present merely as a
precursor for the ultimate inorganic silicate.
Subclass:
398.1
Cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Processes
wherein a positive step is set forth.
(1) Note. This subclass excludes processes in which cooling
is merely inherent and no positive cooling step is defined;
e.g., allowing to cool, permitting to cool to room
temperature, etc., are not provided for here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
374.1 for cooling and heating or drying.
Subclass:
398.2
Utilizing solid member contacting base or coating (e.g.,
cooling roller, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 398.1. Processes
wherein the cooling is accomplished by use of a solid member
contacting the base or the coating.
(1) Note. For classification here the temperature of the
solid member does the treating rather than the pressure,
friction, buffing, wiping, etc.
(2) Note. The solid cooling member may contact the base on
the side opposite the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
355 for contacting a coating with a solid member wherein the
solid characteristics of the member treat the coating such as
in buffing, smoothing, wiping, polishing, etc.
Subclass:
398.3
Liquid utilized (e.g., quenching, spraying, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 398.1. Processes
wherein the cooling treatment is accomplished by means of a
liquid medium.
Subclass:
398.4
Vacuum, vapor, or gas other than air utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 398.1. Processes
wherein the cooling is accomplished in a vacuum or other
nonatmospheric environment, or with a gas or vapor other than
air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 for processes which include treating the base with a
vacuum prior to or during coating.
Subclass:
398.5
Movement of atmosphere:
This subclass is indented under subclass 398.1. Processes
wherein the atmosphere is moved in a defined manner to cool
the coating.
Subclass:
399
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a nonmetal base reacts with an applied
material to form a coating of the reaction product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for heat decomposition of a base.
227 processes wherein a coating is formed by carbonizing or
charring a base.
248.1 for reacting a gas with a nonmetallic base for form a
coating.
301 processes including a reaction between a coating and a
preapplied chemical agent.
333 processes including a reaction between two coatings.
337 processes including a reaction between a coating and a
subsequently applied chemical agent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 115.51 for the
treatment of textiles and paper wherein the textile or paper
base supplies a part or all of the coating and subclasses
94.1+ for the treatment of hides, skin, feathers, and animal
tissues, wherein the base supplies a part or all of the
coating.
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 240, for applying a
material to a metal base wherein the material and metal base
react to form a coating of the reaction product.
Subclass:
400
This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Processes
wherein the base which supplies part of the coating contains
a resinous or rubber type material.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a process of graft
polymerization if is clear that only a portion of the base is
polymerized to form a coating on the part of the base which
is not polymerized.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
525 for processes of graft or graft-type polymerization
wherein there is no clear disclosure that the resultant
product is composed of distinct layers.
Subclass:
401
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes combined with a step which is, per se, (1) not
provided for in this class and which (2) performs a function
other than that utilized to perfect the coating.
(1) Note. A process wherein dye or pigment is mixed with
coating material before application to the base is not
considered a combined operation for this subclass, but is
provided for in other subclasses of this class according to
other features of the process. Class 8 provides for the
combination of coating and dyeing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for coating and measuring, testing, or indicating.
171 for coating and stretching or tensioning.
177 for coating and winding, balling, rolling, or coiling.
289 for coating and cutting, holing, or severing.
299 for coating and pretreating the base.
331 for coating and post-treatment of the coating or coating
material.
457 for coating and direct application of electrical,
magnetic, or wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, for coating combined
with dyeing.
Subclass:
402
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include applying a plurality of dissimilar
coating materials in superposed relationship on a base or
applying diverse coating material to the coating on a
previously coated base.
(1) Note. Coatings which contain essentially the same
ingredients, but in different proportions are considered to
be different coating materials.
(2) Note. Impregnation is considered coating even where a
distinct surface coat is not formed.
(3) Note. Processes for applying several coats or layers of
the same material are not provided for here and are
classified in appropriate subclasses elsewhere in this
class.
(4) Note. Processes of applying a different coating to a
previously coated article are classified in this and the
indented subclasses as processes of applying different
coatings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for applying a plurality of coatings where at least one
has magnetic properties.
152 for applying plural coats to form a transfer or copy
sheet.
154 for application of a removable protective coating which
may be applied with or without a subsequently applied
coating.
196 201 and 202+, for applying plural coats where at least
one is particles or fibers.
214 for applying plural coats or particles.
258 for applying plural coats where at least one is
nonuniform.
301 for pre-applying a reaction promoter or hardener and
subsequently applying coating material.
333 and 337+, coating plus subsequently applying an agent to
treat the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, 240, for coating a metal base with
plural coatings where the metal base supplies a constituent
to one of the coatings.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 183, 188+, 191+, and
198+ for applying plural coatings wherein at least one is
applied by an electrolytic method.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 547
for a metallic composite having metal particles and
differentially porous components, and subclasses 621+ for a
metallic composite having an additional nonmetal component.
Subclass:
403
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one of the coatings contains settable
inorganic cementlike material.
Subclass:
404
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one coating contains metal in elemental
form.
Subclass:
405
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Processes
wherein the base is metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
406
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein zinc is the elemental metal in the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 658
for a metallic composite in which a component has a zinc
base.
Subclass:
407.1
Synthetic resin coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one of the coatings contains a synthetic
resin.
(1) Note. For the scope of expression "synthetic resin",
see the definition of subclass 520, Synthetic Resins or
Natural Rubbers, and the notes thereto.
Subclass:
407.2
Glass base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407.1. Processes
wherein the base comprises glass.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
65, Glass Manufacturing, for a comprehensive definition of
the term "glass".
Subclass:
407.3
Fiberglass base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407.2. Processes
wherein the glass base is in fiber or textile form.
Subclass:
408
This subclass is indented under subclass 407.1. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed, e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
Subclass:
409
This subclass is indented under subclass 407.1. Processes
wherein the base is metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
410
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Processes
wherein at least one coating comprises an epoxy resin or a
polyepoxide.
Subclass:
411
This subclass is indented under subclass 407.1. Processes
wherein the substrate is a water laid fibrous material.
Subclass:
412
This subclass is indented under subclass 407.1. Processes
wherein the base is either the tanned skin of an animal or a
body comprising an assembly of interengaged fibers or
filaments.
Subclass:
412.1
Nonfibrous organic base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407.1. Processes
wherein the base comprises organic material in nonfibrous
form.
Subclass:
412.2
Cellulose derivative base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412.1. Processes
wherein the base is a cellulosic derivative.
Subclass:
412.3
Polyolefin base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412.1. Processes
wherein the base comprises a polyolefin.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for coating polyethylene,
etc.
Subclass:
412.4
Halogen-containing resin base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412.1. Processes
wherein the base comprises halogen-containing resin.
Subclass:
412.5
Polyester or alkyd resin base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412.1. Processes
wherein the base comprises polyester or alkyd resin.
Subclass:
413
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one of the coatings contains natural rubber
or a derivative thereof such as, for example, halogenated
rubber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
407.1 for coatings containing synthetic rubber.
Subclass:
414
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one of the coatings contains a protein or
derivative thereof.
Subclass:
415
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one coating contains a carbohydrate material
derived from the structural matter of plant life or a
derivative of such carbohydrate material.
(1) Note. Coatings containing a cellulose ester or ether or
regenerated cellulose, etc., are provided for here.
Subclass:
416
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one coating contains a wax.
(1) Note. Included herein are any material generally
referred to in the art as wax whether natural or synthetic.
Subclass:
417
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one coating contains natural resin, oil, or
fat.
(1) Note. Shellac and varnish are considered to contain
natural resins unless it is set forth they are made from
synthetic resins.
(2) Note. Paints are assumed to contain oil unless
described as being latex paint.
Subclass:
418
This subclass is indented under subclass 417. Processes
wherein at least one coating contains a metallic compound.
Subclass:
419.1
Metallic compound-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein at least one coating contains a metallic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
403 for applying plural coatings wherein at least one
coating contains a settable inorganic cement-like material
which contains a metallic compound.
418 for applying plural coatings wherein at least one
coating contains resin, oil, or fat and at least one coating
contains a metallic compound.
Subclass:
419.2
Oxide-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419.1. Processes
wherein at least one coating contains a metallic oxide.
Subclass:
419.3
Superposed diverse oxide coatings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419.2. Processes
which include applying a plurality of diverse metallic oxide
coating materials in superposed relationship on a base, or
applying a diverse metallic oxide coating material to a
metallic oxide coating which has previously been coated on a
base.
Subclass:
419.4
Vitreous coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419.3. Processes
wherein at least one of the metallic oxide-containing
coatings comprises glasslike material.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for coating a cellulose
acetate film, etc.
Subclass:
419.5
Organic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419.2. Processes
wherein at least one of the coatings comprises organic
material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope of the term
"organic".
Subclass:
419.6
Vitreous coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419.2. Processes
wherein the metallic oxide-containing coating comprises
glasslike material.
Subclass:
419.7
Boride, carbide, nitride, phosphide, silicide, or
sulfide-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419.1. Processes
wherein the metallic compound consists of metal combined with
boron, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, or sulfur to
form a binary compound.
(1) Note. The coating material may contain additional
ingredients but the metallic compound must consist of only
metal and one other element.
Subclass:
419.8
Organometallic or metal salt of organic compound-containing
coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419.1. Processes
wherein at least one of the coatings contains an
organometallic compound or a metal salt of an organic
compound.
Subclass:
420
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the base is moved through a film or curtain
of free falling coating material.
Subclass:
421
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating material is projected by
mechanical force toward the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for spraying a transparent base with coating material to
form an electrical product.
168 for producing or coating an optical element by
spraying.
180 for applying solid particles to a base which may be by
spraying.
233 and 236, for coating the interior of hollow articles by
spraying.
240 for processes of applying a coating material by
centrifugal force.
458 for coating processes wherein an electrostatic charge is
employed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
422
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Processes
wherein the temperature of the coating material is raised to
above ambient prior to application.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
561 for irradiating the coating material before application
to the base.
Subclass:
424
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Processes
wherein the base is mechanically moved while being sprayed
with coating material.
Subclass:
425
This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Processes
wherein the base is rotated about an axis through itself or
is inverted, while coating material is sprayed onto it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233 for a process of rotating a hollow article while
spraying its interior.
Subclass:
426
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Processes in
which plural materials are supplied from separate sources and
are combined to make up a coating composition while being
conveyed from their sources toward the base, said combining
taking place (1) prior to discharge from a projecting
apparatus or (2) after leaving the apparatus, but prior to
contacting the base.
(1) Note. At least two of the materials combined must
constitute ingredients of the coating composition. This
subclass does not include combining a coating composition
with a liquid or gas which is intended to function solely as
a conveyor for the material to the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for applying solid particles and a binder to a base
simultaneously, but from different sources.
402 for applying superposed diverse coatings and read the
notes and search notes thereto.
Subclass:
427
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Processes
wherein the coating is based on the inorganic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
422 for applying a molten metal or other heated coating.
Subclass:
428
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein coating material is applied to the base
from the curved outer surface of a cylindrical applicator
while said applicator is rotating about an internal axis.
(1) Note. Padding coating material onto a base is assumed
to involve using a roller and is provided for in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
194 for a process of applying particles to a base which
includes utilizing a roller, usually a heated roller to fuse
or soften the particles.
359 for a coating process wherein a roller is utilized to
treat the coating after it has been applied to the base.
430.1 for an immersion coating process wherein a roller may
be submerged in the coating bath in which the base is
immersed.
Subclass:
429
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating member comprises (1) bristles
secured to a support or (2) a member capable of soaking up
coating material.
(1) Note. Absorbent applicators include wicks, webs,
sponges, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
260 for applying a nonuniform coating with a brush or
absorbent applicator.
368 for a coating process which includes brushing the
coating after it has been applied to the base.
Subclass:
430.1
IMMERSION OR PARTIAL IMMERSION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the coating is applied by submerging at
least a portion of the base in a pool of coating material.
(1) Note. Reference to the use of a "bath" coating process
is considered immersion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for coating a glass base by immersion to produce an
optical element.
185 for coating an article with particles by immersing it in
a fluidized bed of particles.
Subclass:
431
This subclass is indented under subclass 430.1. Processes
wherein the coating bath contains molten metal or a fused
metallic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 939
for a metallic composite made by a process of this subclass.
Subclass:
432
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Processes
wherein an inert gas or a nonoxidizing atmosphere is employed
adjacent the coating bath.
Subclass:
433
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Processes
wherein the coating contains lead, zinc, or tin in elemental
form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 643, 645, 646,
and 658+ for metallic composites in which a component has a
tin, lead, or zinc base.
Subclass:
434.2
Running lengths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 430.1. Processes
wherein the base is a piece of material handled at points
intermediate its ends whereby the length is immaterial to the
manner of handling.
Subclass:
434.3
Coating applied at surface of bath only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434.2. Processes
wherein only the surface of the bath is utilized to coat the
base.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for floating the base on
the surface of the coating material to be applied, etc.
Subclass:
434.4
Base treated by solid member in bath (e.g., scraped,
squeezed, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 434.2. Processes
wherein the base being coated is contacted and actively
treated by a solid member while immersed or partially
immersed in the coating bath.
(1) Note. For classification here the base must
specifically be treated (e.g., squeezed, scraped, etc.) and
not merely conveyed by a contacting member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for processes wherein the treating member contacts the
coated base after removal from the immersion bath.
Subclass:
434.5
Coating material moved (e.g., agitated, circulated, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 434.2. Processes
wherein the coating material is caused to move in a defined
manner during the coating operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for treatment of the coating material after it leaves
the coating bath.
Subclass:
434.6
Cord, thread, yarn, wire, or rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434.2. Processes
wherein the running length is in the form of a wire, rod,
filament, cord, or strand.
Subclass:
434.7
Extending through bath-containing wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434.6. Processes
wherein the running length being coated enters the immersion
bath directly through an opening in a wall of the container,
which opening is below the surface of the bath.
Subclass:
435
This subclass is indented under subclass 430.1. Processes
wherein the base is metal in elemental form.
Subclass:
436
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Processes
wherein a coating which contains metal in elemental form is
applied.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 615 for a
metallic composite defined in terms of the compositions of
its components.
Subclass:
437
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Processes
which include utilizing a reducing agent which is a chemical
compound.
(1) Note. Usually the bath contains a metallic compound
which is reduced to deposit a metal coating on the immersed
base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for electroless plating to make a printed circuit board.
304 for an electroless deposition process which includes
pretreating the base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 936
for a metallic composite made by a process of this subclass.
Subclass:
438
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Processes
wherein the coating is free nickel.
Subclass:
439
This subclass is indented under subclass 430.1. Processes
wherein the base is a carbohydrate material derived from the
structural matter of plant life.
Subclass:
440
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Processes
wherein the base material is derived from the trunks or
branches of trees or bushes.
(1) Note. Wood particles or fibers which have been
chemically changed, e.g., regenerated cellulose etc., or
water layed to form a paper, are not considered to be wood.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 for injecting coating material into wood wherein a hole
is made in the wood base.
Subclass:
441
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Processes
wherein the coating contains creosote, wax, oil, asphalt,
pitch, tar, or bitumen.
(1) Note. Included herein are any heavy oil or tar like
material with properties similar to those materials
specifically set out.
Subclass:
442
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Processes
wherein the coating contains creosote, wax, oil, asphalt,
pitch, tar, or bitumen.
(1) Note. Included herein are any heavy oil or tar like
material with properties similar to those materials
specifically set out.
Subclass:
443
This subclass is indented under subclass 430.1. Processes
wherein the coating contains creosote, wax, oil, asphalt,
pitch, tar, or bitumen.
(1) Note. Included herein are any heavy oil or tar like
material with properties similar to those materials
specifically set out.
Subclass:
443.1
Chemical compound reducing agent utilized (i.e., electroless
deposition):
This subclass is indented under subclass 430.1. Processes
which includes utilizing a reducing agent which is a chemical
compound.
(1) Note. Usually the bath contains a metallic compound
which is reduced to deposit a metal coating on the immersed
base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for electroless plating to make a printed circuit board.
304 for an electroless deposition process which includes
pretreating the base.
437 for an electroless deposition process wherein the base
comprises free metal.
Subclass:
443.2
Inorganic base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 430.1. Processes
wherein the base comprises inorganic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for similar processes wherein the base comprises free
metal.
Subclass:
444
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for treating a base in preparation for coating it
or treating an applied coating, wherein a coating step is not
claimed and wherein the process is not provided for in
another class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 137, and see the notes
thereto for certain cleaning process.
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, for mere methods of use of such compositions
claimed along with the cleaning composition, per se.
Subclass:
445
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes not provided for in any other subclass.
(1) Note. Patents which contain claims to significant
coating processes for this class, are placed in the
appropriate subclasses above based on total disclosure if the
claimed disclosure is not provided for in one of the above
subclasses.
Subclass:
446
SPRAY COATING UTILIZING FLAME OR PLASMA HEAT (E.G., FLAME
SPRAYING, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein (1) a gaseous flame is used to heat and
project a coating material toward a substrate or (2) a
coating material is converted to or engulfed by a highly
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons and neutral particles
in which the positive ions and negative electrons are roughly
equal in number, and projected on to a substrate
(1) Note. Torch spraying is considered a form of flame
spraying and is included in this and indented subclasses.
(2) Note. Electric arc metal spraying is properly
classified in this and indented subclasses.
(3) Note. Explosive or detonation spray vaporization,
wherein the vaporized coating is applied in the form of a
spray is properly classified in this and indented
subclasses.
(4) Note. Thermal spraying is properly classified in this
and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
596 for coating processes utilizing laser heat transfer,
which are often referred to as explosive vaporization.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 192.38
for vacuum arc discharge coating, utilizing processes for the
deposition of a coating onto a substrate within a vacuum
environment by the action of an arc discharge between an
anode and a cathode wherein the source material is the
cathode, per se, or the source material is on the cathode.
219, Electric Heating, particularly subclass 73.11, 73.21,
and 76.1+ for coating operations that involve a buildup of
metal coating on a metal workpiece and wherein an arc between
an electrode and the work is utilized.
Subclass:
447
Organic containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the coating material applied has organic material in
its composition.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
448
Nonuniform or patterned coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the coating is applied (1) to only selected portions
of a base (2) in such a manner as to produce uneven,
discontinuous or nonuniform thickness or (3) so that it
varies from area to area as to physical or chemical
properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for nonuniform coating processes without the use of
electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave energy.
466 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
electrostatic charge, field, or force.
504 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing high energy electromagnetic
radiation or high energy particles.
510 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
526 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
ion plating or ion implantation.
552 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes involving
pretreating a substrate or posttreating a coated substrate
utilizing high energy electromagnetic radiation.
555 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
laser radiation in a thermal pretreatment of a substrate or a
thermal posttreatment of a coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for radiation imagery involving coating
using electric or magnetic energy.
Subclass:
449
Continuous feed solid coating material (e.g., wire, rod, or
filament, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the coating material fed to the flame or plasma is in
the form of long, continuous, slender, solid matter.
(1) Note. Generally the coating material is in the form of
a wire, rod, or filament.
Subclass:
450
Inorganic carbon containing coating, not as steel (e.g.,
carbide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the coating material, excluding steel, contains
inorganic carbon.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
(2) Note. Metal compounds, excluding steel, containing more
than 1.7 percent of inorganic carbon are properly classified
in this subclass.
(3) Note. Plasma or flame spraying processes utilizing
inorganic carbon containing material to form diamondlike
films are found here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, subclass 79 for
processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal of
diamond and subclass 929 for the art collection of carbon
single-crystal references. Class 423, subclass 446, is a
mandatory search and cross-reference for patents directed to
forming a free-standing single-crystal diamond even though
properly placed in Class 117 as an original.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 446, for
diamonds and methods of making, which does not result in a
coated product.
Subclass:
451
Additionally containing nickel, cobalt, or iron as free metal
or alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Processes
wherein the inorganic carbon containing coating also contains
nickel, cobalt, or iron as an alloy or free metal.
Subclass:
452
Silicon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the coating material applied contains silicon.
Subclass:
453
Metal oxide containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the coating material applied contains metal oxide.
(1) Note. For classification purposes in this subclass,
ceramic is considered metal oxide.
Subclass:
454
Superposed diverse or multilayer similar coatings applied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Processes
which include sequentially applying a plurality of dissimilar
coating materials in superposed relationship on a substrate
or applying a plurality of layers of similar coating
materials in superposed relationship on a substrate or
previously coated substrate.
Subclass:
455
Metal or metal alloy coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the coating material is composed of pure metal or
metal alloy.
(1) Note. Metals and metal alloys containing less than one
percent carbon are properly classified in this and indented
subclasses.
Subclass:
456
Aluminum, nickel, cobalt, or iron metal or alloy containing
coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Processes
wherein the metal or metal alloy coating contains aluminum,
nickel, cobalt, or iron.
Subclass:
457
DIRECT APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, WAVE, OR
PARTICULATE ENERGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a substrate, coated substrate or coating
material is treated at any stage in a coating process with
electrical, magnetic, particulate, or electromagnetic wave
energy or heat produced therefrom.
(1) Note. The energy employed must be applied directly to
the substrate, the coated substrate or the coating material
as part of the total coating process (including pretreatment
or posttreatment).
(2) Note. Where the electrical energy is not applied
directly to the base or coating, but is used to generate heat
energy that is transferred to the base before, during, or
after the coating operation, see other subclasses of this
class or other appropriate heating or heat treatment
classes.
(3) Note. Utilization of radiant heat or infrared energy to
vaporize the coating material in a vapor deposition process
is not basis for classification in this and indented
subclasses.
(4) Note. The wave energy applied to the work may be light,
sonic, supersonic, ultrasonic, gamma rays, infrared rays,
X-rays, etc. Particulate energy includes charged particles
and atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta rays, and
neutrons.
(5) Note. The mere sprinkling of particles is not
considered coating for these and indented subclasses. There
has to be some attractive or adhesive force between the base
and the particles that would tend to hold said particles
fixed to the base.
(6) Note. This and indented subclasses are proper for
processes involving coating utilizing the combination of
neutral and charged particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 2.1+, 4, 5+, 7, 8+, and 11 for subject matter of this and
indented subclasses (457+) when also meeting the subclass
definitions therein.
8 for processes wherein the electrical, magnetic, wave, or
particulate energy is used for measuring, testing, or
indicating.
248.1 for coating processes utilizing molecular beam, also
for processes utilizing radiant heat or infrared energy to
vaporize the coating material in a vapor deposition process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 444 for dyeing
processes utilizing wave energy; and subclass 103 for
bleaching processes involving the use of corona irradiation.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 245 and
266+ for processes involving the use of corona radiation.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 358 and 451
for apparatus for subjecting foods and beverages to wave,
radiant, and electrical energy.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for
growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of
materials, including inorganic or organic, and by all
techniques, especially 84 for vapor or gas phase epitaxy.
128, Surgery, for electrical or wave energy treatment of the
living human body and apparatus specialized therefor.
148, Metal Treatment, for coating a metal base combined with
a Class 148 treatment of the base (e.g., annealing,
microstructure change, etc.) Class 427 is proper for
simultaneous ion implantation and diffusion. However,
inclusion of a separate step which by itself would be
classifiable in Class 148 is enough to place the combination
in Class 148. See subclass 239 for ion implantation with a
subsequent Class 148 treatment. If diffusion is involved in
a coating operation involving metal, and the diffusion
involves the microstructure of the metal (i.e., other than
reactive coating operations) the original will be placed in
Class 427 if the specified diffusion occurs during the
coating step. However, if there is a heat treatment step
independent of the coating step, which causes diffusion to
affect the microstructure of the metal the original goes to
Class 148.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 155, 157.15+,
and 164+ for processes wherein electrical or wave energy is
used to effect chemical reaction. Treating a substrate or a
coated substrate by electrical discharge, electrostatic
charge, field, or force, lacking a coating step of externally
supplied coating material is provided for in Class 204,
subclasses 164+. However, if there is a coating step
present, supplying an external source of coating material
(i.e., complete or in part) placement is proper in Class 427
even if there is a post treatment operation involving
electrical discharge, electrostatic charge, field, or force.
See subclasses 192.1+ for methods specialized for coating or
forming objects within a gaseous medium by the action of
cathode sputtering. Subclasses 450+ provide for
electrophoretic or electro-osmotic processes, in general; and
subclasses 471+ provide for electrophoretic or
electro-osmotic coating or forming of an object.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 80 for electrolytic
coating processes and subclasses 183+, 188+, 191+, and 198+
for processes involving plural coating steps, at least one
but not all of which is electrolytic. Combinations of
preparatory electrolytic processes, other than coating, with
processes of coating falling within the scope of Class 427
are classified in Class 427. A patent with a claim to a
coating process classifiable in Class 427 and a claim to a
coating process classifiable in Class 205 will be placed as
an original in Class 427 and cross-referenced to Class 205.
219, Electric Heating, 600 for induction, electrostatic, or
electromagnetic wave energy for heating, per se, employing
this energy.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 3
for electrostatically charging material in order to obtain a
desired spray, wherein the intent is not to coat.
250, Radiant Energy, all noncoating methods and apparatus for
using, generating, controlling, or detecting radiant energy,
particularly 492.1 for methods of irradiation, per se, of a
material with ions.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 103 for patents directed to processes involving
induced nuclear reactions and structures which implement such
processes.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 28 for
xeroradiography.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 57 for liquid control
developing, subclasses 58+ for concentration control of
developing material, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses
246+ for sprayed liquid developing, subclass 248 for
immersion, and subclasses 265+ for application of dry
developing.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, especially 22 for
processes of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing nonfoods; and subclasses 129+, especially
subclass 185 for apparatus using corona discharge or
radiation for effecting chemical reactions.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for coating processes involving electric
or magnetic imagery (e.g. xerography, etc.).
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for methods
of making a semiconductor device or coating a semiconductor
substrate.
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, subclasses 10-14, for coating electric lamps
or electric space discharge devices wherein a combined
process is intended to perform multiple processes are
classified here (445), when one of the operations is
specifically provided for in this class (445).
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, for making or coating superconductors or
superconductor material.
522, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for processes of
preparing or treating a synthetic resin or natural rubber
involving a chemical reaction brought about by the
application of wave energy.
Subclass:
458
Electrostatic charge, field, or force utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
utilizing static electricity, that is an electrical charge at
rest, to effect deposition or orientation of an externally
supplied coating material.
(1) Note. Electrostatic energy is a form of electrical
energy which has the capability of attracting and holding
small particles having an opposite electrical charge.
(2) Note. An electrostatic charge is an electric charge
stored in a capacitor or on the surface of an insulated
object.
(3) Note. An electrostatic field is the vector force field
set up in the vicinity of nonmoving electrical charges.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180 for processes of applying particles or fibers to a
substrate without the use of an electrostatic force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, etc.,
subclass 255 for a loose mixture containing metal particles.
Subclass 10.67 for electromagnetic or electrostatic
processes.
118, Coating Apparatus, 620 for coating apparatus utilizing
an electrostatic charge, force, or field.
219, Electric Heating, 600 for electrostatic heating, per
se. If there is a subsequent step of coating involved the
original is classified in Class 427. If there is other
subsequent treatment involved the original is classified with
the art to which the other subsequent treatment pertains.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 3
for processes of spraying wherein an electrostatic charge is
employed and the intent of the sprinkling, spraying, and
diffusing is not to coat.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 225 and
230+ for apparatus used to apply an electrical charge to
materials, per se.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 57 for liquid control
developing, subclasses 58+ for concentration control of
developing material, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses
246+ for sprayed liquid developing, subclass 248 for
immersion, and subclasses 265+ for application of dry
developing.
Subclass:
459
Fluidized bed utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Processes
wherein a bed or mass of solid coating particles is
maintained in a state of fluidization by passing a gas in a
generally upward direction through the particles which remain
in a confined volume and is utilized in the coating of an
article or substrate.
Subclass:
460
Ionization or corona discharge utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Processes
wherein (1) the dissociation of an atom or molecule into
electrons and ions, which facilitates the passage of current,
or (2) the phenomena that occurs when an electric field is
sufficiently strong to ionize the gas between electrodes and
cause conduction, is used to assist in the deposition of the
fluidized coating material.
Subclass:
461
Heating or fusing applied coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Processes
wherein the temperature of the applied coating is raised
above ambient or the applied coating is liquified or reduced
to a plastic state by heating.
Subclass:
462
Flock or fiber applied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Processes
wherein the coating applied is in the form of finely powdered
wool, cotton, or cloth material or relatively short, slender,
flexible elements of finite length and having a width and
thickness of the same order of magnitude.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for applying flock or fiber to a substrate without the
use of electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
463
Pile or naptype surface formed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Processes
wherein the coating applied to a substrate, web, sheet,
layer, or element, results in a bristly, fuzzy, or resilient
surface, with extended looped or free ended filamentary
material.
Subclass:
464
Heating, drying, or cooling adhesive surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Processes
wherein the temperature of an adhesive coating is raised
above or lowered below the ambient or the moisture content of
the adhesive coating is reduced.
(1) Note. Heating or drying often causes curing or
hardening of the coating.
Subclass:
465
Organic substrate specified (e.g., fabric, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Processes
wherein the designated base or surface onto which the
adhesive coating is applied is organic.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
(2) Note. For classification in this subclass the adhesive
layer is not considered to be the base.
Subclass:
466
Nonuniform or patterned coating (e.g., ink jet printing,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Processes
wherein the coating utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or
force is (1) applied only to selected portions of a base (2)
applied in such a manner as to produce a coating of uneven,
discontinuous, or nonuniform thickness, or (3) varied from
area to area as to physical or chemical properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes without
the use of electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave
energy.
448 for nonuniform or patterned spray coating processes
utilizing flame or plasma heat.
504 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing high energy electromagnetic
radiation or high energy particles.
510 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
526 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
ion plating or ion implantation.
552 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes involving
pretreating a substrate or posttreating a coated substrate
utilizing high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particles.
555 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
laser radiation in a thermal pretreatment of a substrate or a
thermal posttreatment of a coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subclass 57 for liquid control
developing, subclasses 58+ for concentration control of
developing material, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses
246+ for sprayed liquid developing, subclass 248 for
immersion, and subclasses 265+ for application of dry
developing.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for coating processes involving electric
or magnetic imagery.
Subclass:
467
Edging or striping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Processes
wherein (1) only the edge or border of a substrate is coated
or (2) wherein the coating is applied in long narrow lines.
(1) Note. The stripes are not required to be parallel or
straight.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for the striping of roads or the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 107 for processes for sealing the edges of
laminated glass.
Subclass:
468
Mask or stencil utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Processes in
which the substrate treated has applied to portions thereof a
coating or layer which masks or shields the portions so
coated during further treatment of the exposed portions of
the substrate.
(1) Note. The masking coat may be applied to selected areas
or the entire substrate may be coated with a maskforming
composition and selected portions of the coating, thus
formed, removed.
Subclass:
469
Coating material consists of charged particles (e.g., paint,
pigment, dye, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Processes
wherein the nonuniform coating is formed by deposition of
charged particles to a substrate by utilization of
electrostatic charge, field, or force to form a nonimaged
coating on the base.
(1) Note. The charged particles may be loose, free falling
or suspended in a fluid for deposition thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 particularly subclasses 117 and 120 for
processes of electrostatically coating (1) if radiation is
utilized to form an image, or (2) for finishing an image
produced by radiation utilizing electrostatic deposition to
complete the image.
Subclass:
470
Superposed diverse or multilayer similar coatings applied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Processes
which include sequentially applying a plurality of dissimilar
coating materials in superposed relationship on a substrate
or applying a plurality of layers of similar coating
materials in superposed relationship on a substrate or
previously coated substrate, utilizing electrostatic charge,
field, or force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for processes wherein at least one of the superimposed
coating layers are nonuniform and need not be applied with
the use of electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
471
Applying coatings to opposite sides of a substrate (excluding
processes where all coating is by immersion):
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Processes
wherein the coating material is applied to opposing surfaces
of a base or substrate.
(1) Note. The opposite sides may be coated with the same or
different coating materials.
(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for merely
immersing a substrate to coat both sides, but does provide
for such an operation combined with additionally coating at
least one side of the substrate by another method, such as
spraying, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for coating both sides of a substrate (web or workpiece)
with flock or fiber without the use of electrical or wave
energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subclass 57 for liquid control
developing, subclasses 58+ for concentration control of
developing material, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses
246+ for sprayed liquid developing, subclass 248 for
immersion, and subclasses 265+ for application of dry
developing.
Subclass:
472
Positioning, orientation, or application of nonsprayed,
nonatomized coating material solely by electrostatic charge,
field, or force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Processes
wherein a coating material, which may be fluid or discrete
particles, is caused to move from a container or support
surface to a substrate or have its relative alignment or
placement influenced by using electrostatic charge, field, or
force as the sole or principal source of energy.
(1) Note. Mechanical projection is a form of spraying and
thus excluded.
(2) Note. Atomized refers to breaking up a liquid into a
fine spray or fog.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 690 for
sprinkling or spraying material solely by use of
electrostatic charge, field, or force with the expressed
intent to distribute a material, not to coat.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 437 for shaping or treating processes in
which electrical or wave energy is applied directly to fibers
or other particulate material to move, align, or effect
deposition of said fibers or particles.
Subclass:
473
Inorganic substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Processes
wherein the substrate or base is inorganic.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
474
Solid particles applied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Processes
wherein discrete solid particles are applied to a substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for a process of making an abrasive tool by coating. Note
that a generic process for coating material, generally (which
material may comprise an abrasive tool) is found in Class
427.
Subclass:
475
Solid particles or atomized liquid applied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Processes
wherein solid particles are sprayed or liquid particles are
atomized and sprayed into the vicinity of the substrate and
are electrostatically attracted thereto.
(1) Note. The particles may form the coating, or become
part of a coating as when applied over a layer of adhesive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 690 for
claims drawn to processes for utilizing electrostatic spray
devices (especially electrogasdynamic generators) to
sprinkle, spray, or diffuse fluid material wherein the
expressed intent is not to coat.
Subclass:
476
Inside hollow articles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Processes
wherein the coating material is applied to an inner or
concave surface of a cavity, bore, depression, or hole in the
work.
(1) Note. Materials such as fabrics, foams, felts, etc. are
not considered hollow for purposes of this subclass even
though they may contain voids.
Subclass:
477
Articles or substrates sequentially moved past atomizing
source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Processes
wherein individually supported objects to be coated are
transported past a source of atomized coating material.
Subclass:
478
Collection of offtarget or fugitive coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Processes
wherein means is provided to recover (1) coating material
which misses the target substrate or (2) elusive or runaway
coating overflow.
Subclass:
479
Utilizing multiple spray sources (e.g., atomizers):
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Processes
wherein a substrate is coated by using multiple atomizers or
spray sources.
Subclass:
480
Movable atomizer or spray source (e.g., spray source or
atomizer rotates, reciprocates, oscillates, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Processes
wherein the atomizer or spray source has a mobile mounting.
(1) Note. Processes of utilizing mechanically mobile
coating projectors capable of moving across the surface of
the work to insure uniform deposition of a coating are
provided for in this subclass.
Subclass:
481
Rotatable base or support for substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Processes
wherein mechanical means are provided to convey the work
(substrate or article) to be coated about a specified axis of
rotation in which the path of every point of the moving work
is an arc or circle, centered on that axis.
Subclass:
482
Running or indefinite length substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Processes
wherein a base or web to be coated travels longitudinally of
itself, the length of which is continuous or uninterrupted.
(1) Note. Processes of coating running length substrates
are distinguished from processes which coat the work as
discrete units.
Subclass:
483
Utilizing apparatus to atomize and electrostatically charge
liquid coating material (e.g., charging electrode adjacent
spray source, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Processes
wherein an electrostatic charge, field, or force is used to
assist in causing a liquid material to be reduced to small
particles or fine droplets and deposited on a substrate.
(1) Note. In this subclass processes may be found wherein a
charging electrode stationed adjacent the spray source or
coating projector causes the coating liquid to be charged and
reduced to fine liquid particles.
Subclass:
484
Rotatable atomizer or spray source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Processes
wherein the motion of the atomizer or spray source is in a
path in which every point of movement is a circle or circular
arc centered on its own axis.
Subclass:
485
Coating contains organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Processes
wherein the coating material applied includes organic
material in its composition.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
486
Inorganic substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Processes
wherein the substrate upon which the coating is applied is
inorganic.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
487
Polymerization of coating utilizing direct application of
electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy (i.e.,
including crosslinking, curing, and hardening of organics):
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein polymerization of the applied coating material (i.e.,
not the substrate) occurs as a result of direct application
of electrical, magnetic, particulate, electromagnetic, wave
energy or heat produced therefrom and at any stage in the
coating process.
(1) Note. The applied energy, most often in the form of
heat or light, must be used in the polymerization step.
(2) Note. For the purpose of classification here and in
indented subclasses, the following terms will be understood
to denote some form of polymerization: a. crosslinking; b.
curing; c. hardening of organic; d. addition polymerization;
e. condensation polymerization; f. grafting.
(3) Note. A claim drawn to a process of irradiating an
applied coating composition with or without a reaction
promoter being present, where some form of polymerization
reaction takes place is proper for this and indented
subclasses.
(4) Note. Processes involving coating utilizing neutral and
charged particles is proper for this and indented
subclasses.
Subclass:
488
Plasma initiated polymerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein polymerization of a coated substrate is induced by
utilizing a plasma.
Subclass:
489
Organosilicon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Processes
wherein an organic silicon compound is part of the applied
coating composition.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
490
Fluorocarbon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Processes
wherein fluorocarbon compounds are part of the composition of
the applied coating material.
Subclass:
491
Organic substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Processes
wherein the composition of the base or substrate is organic.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
492
Multiple applications of identical radiation energy source to
polymerize (e.g., pulse, flash lamp, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein the polymerization of the coating is influenced by
the duration of intermittently applied identical radiation
energy.
(1) Note. For the purpose of classification here and
indented subclasses, the term "radiation energy" includes: a.
Electromagnetic Radiation (radio wave, microwave, visible,
ultraviolet, X rays, gamma ray, actinic) b. Acoustic
Radiation (infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic) c. Particle
Radiation (alpha ray (helium atom, 2 protons + 2 neutrons),
beta ray (electrons), electron (accelerated beam), neutron).
This list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited
to the above examples.
(2) Note. Processes for using pulsed discharge devices or
flash lamps to achieve polymerization of the applied coating
may be found here.
Subclass:
493
Application of plural diverse energy sources to polymerize
(e.g., electromagnetic wave plus resistance heat, ultraviolet
wave plus infrared wave, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein more than one type of energy source is utilized to
influence the polymerization of the applied coating.
(1) Note. The multiple energy applications may be used
simultaneously or sequentially.
(2) Note. The following is an example of the type of
claimed subject matter which is proper for this subclass. a.
A claim drawn to a process of polymerizing a coating by
employing (1) a form of radiation and (2) resistance heat or
(1) ultraviolet radiation and (2) infrared radiation.
Subclass:
494
Gloss control (e.g., light scattering, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein the degree of specular reflection (e.g., high,
medium, or low gloss, etc.) of the coating is influenced.
Subclass:
495
Polymerization involving the control of oxygen containing gas
as an inhibitor (e.g., air, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein means are provided to (1) alter or regulate the
quantity of oxygen containing gas present including exclusion
thereof or (2) purposely inhibit the polymerization step by
the presence of oxygen containing gas.
(1) Note. Processes utilizing a wax layer or some other
barrier to prevent or control the oxygen containing gas from
entering the polymerization area are properly classified
here.
Subclass:
496
High energy electromagnetic radiation or high energy
particles utilized (e.g., gamma rays, Xrays, atomic
particles, i.e., alpha rays, beta rays, electrons, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein the energy used to effect the polymerization of the
coating is high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particles.
(1) Note. The term "high energy electromagnetic radiation
or high energy particles", as employed here and in indented
subclasses includes; e.g., Xrays, gamma rays, atomic
particles, i.e., alpha particles, beta particles, and high
energy electrons. Electromagnetic wave energy measured below
wavelengths of 100 Angstroms (10 to the minus 8 meters) will
be considered "high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particle." This subject matter is often referred to as
"high energy ionizing radiation." a. gamma ray (.000 1.40
A); b. Xray (0.1 100 A); c. atomic particle alpha ray;
beta ray; d. high energy electrons accelerated (This list is
not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above
examples.)
Subclass:
497
Vapor deposition utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
wherein a coating material is deposited as a gas, mist,
smoke, or vapor.
Subclass:
498
Immersion, partial immersion, spraying, or spin coating
utilized (e.g., dipping, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
wherein the article or substrate to be coated is (1) dipped
or submerged, either partially or wholly, in the coating
material, (2) positioned to have the coating material
projected by mechanical means thereon or (3) conveyed about
an axis of rotation, thus moving it in an arc or circle which
spreads the coating material by centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, for processes wherein reactive coating
occurs on the substrate and not externally thereof. Class
427 provides for coating a metal substrate with a resin
composition in an immersion bath, wherein metal ions leaching
from the metal substrate enter the immersion medium and react
or complex externally of the metal substrate to deposit a
coating containing an element from the metal substrate.
Subclass:
499
Natural cellulose substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Processes
wherein the coated article, base, or substrate is composed of
natural cellulose, e.g., wood or cellulosic fibers.
(1) Note. Paper is not considered proper for this subclass,
as paper is a chemically treated unnatural product.
Subclass:
500
Coating material includes colorant or pigment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
wherein the applied coating material includes any dye, ink,
paint, or coloring matter that inputs or modifies color.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subclass 54 for color control
developing, subclasses 168+ for charging, and subclasses 223+
for plural color developing.
Subclass:
501
Textile, fiber, or wire coated or impregnated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
wherein the coated or impregnated substrate is (1) formed by
a textile operation, (2) a solid or stranded group of
slender, flexible rodlike materials of indefinite length or
(3) of relatively short, slender, flexible elements of finite
length.
Subclass:
502
Magnetic recording medium formed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
which result in a device or material being produced which is
used to store or record information by a magnetic means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for processes forming magnetic recording media utilizing
colorant or pigment.
548 for processes forming magnetic recording media which
utilize magnetic field or force to treat a substrate prior to
coating or to treat a previously coated substrate.
599 for processes forming magnetic recording media which
utilize magnetic field or force for the direct application of
the coating material.
Subclass:
503
Organosilicon containing coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
wherein the applied coating composition includes an organic
silicon compound.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
504
Nonuniform or patterned coating (e.g., mask, printing,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
wherein the coating (1) is applied only to selected portions
of a base (2) is applied in such a manner as to produce a
coating of uneven, discontinuous, or nonuniform thickness, or
(3) varies from area to area as to physical or chemical
properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes without
the use of electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave
energy.
448 for nonuniform or patterned spray coating processes
utilizing flame or plasma heat.
466 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
electrostatic charge, field, or force.
500 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
colorant or pigment.
510 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
526 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
ion plating or ion implantation.
552 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes involving
pretreating a substrate or posttreating a coated substrate
utilizing high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particles.
555 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
laser radiation in a thermal pretreatment of a substrate or a
thermal posttreatment of a coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for coating processes involving electric
or magnetic imagery.
Subclass:
505
Coating is adhesive or intended to be made adhesive (e.g.,
release sheet or coating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
which result in an applied coating having adhesive properties
for adhering a base to another surface.
(1) Note. The coating material may become adhesive when it
is contacted by high energy electromagnetic radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503 for adhesive coating compositions containing
organosilicon.
Subclass:
506
Benzene ring or nitrogen containing coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Processes
wherein the applied coating material contains at least one
benzene ring or nitrogen.
(1) Note. The term "benzene ring" includes in all cases
except where there are explicit limitations to the contrary,
substituted benzene rings, including substitution in the form
of an additional fused or bridged ring or ring system.
Subclass:
507
Styrene or carboxamide group containing coating material
(e.g., urea, urethane, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Processes
wherein the applied coating material contains styrene or
carboxamide group.
Subclass:
508
Low energy electromagnetic radiation utilized (e.g., UV,
visible, IR, microwave, radio wave, actinic, laser, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein the energy used to effect the polymerization of the
applied coating is low energy electromagnetic radiation.
(1) Note. The term "low energy electromagnetic radiation"
as employed here and indented subclasses includes, e.g.,
ultraviolet, infrared, visible light, actinic, microwave, and
radio waves. Electromagnetic wave energy measured above
wavelengths of 100 Angstroms (10 to the minus 8 meters) will
be considered low energy electromagnetic radiation. a.
ultraviolet (101 4000 A); b. actinic light includes
both UV & visible; c. visible (4000 A 7000 A); d. infrared
(above 7000 A) e. microwave (1 mm 1 m (includes 2.45 GHz));
f. radio wave (13.56 MHz is permitted frequency); g. laser.
This list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited
to the above examples.
Subclass:
509
Vapor deposition utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the coating material is deposited as a gas, mist,
smoke, or vapor.
Subclass:
510
Nonuniform or patterned coating (e.g., mask, printing,
textured, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the coating (1) is applied only to selected portions
of a base (2) is applied in such a manner as to produce a
coating of uneven, discontinuous, or nonuniform thickness or
(3) varies from area to area as to physical or chemical
properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes without
the use of electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave
energy.
448 for nonuniform or patterned spray coating processes
utilizing flame or plasma heat.
466 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
electrostatic charge, field, or force.
504 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing high energy electromagnetic
radiation or high energy particles.
526 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
ion plating or ion implantation.
552 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes involving
pretreating a substrate or posttreating a coated substrate
utilizing high energy ionizing radiation.
555 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
laser radiation in a thermal pretreatment of a substrate or a
thermal posttreatment of a coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for coating processes involving electric
or magnetic imagery.
Subclass:
511
Printing ink utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Processes
wherein a coating composition applied to a substrate,
specially designed for use as ink, to be used for producing
characters or designs by means of writing, printing, or
marking is cured by using low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
(1) Note. This class includes processes wherein printing
ink is used to print patterns as in circuit designs or floor
plans.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 445 for textile
printing pastes.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass .5 for infusion
packages or receptacles containing ink.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, 209 for the
combination of ballpoint pen and ink particularly suitable
for such an implement. (e.g., viscous ink).
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 160 for a
composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber
having utility as an ink for glass or for ceramic substrates,
subclass 161 for a ballpoint pen ink or a typewriter ink
composition or to processes of preparing said composition.
Subclass:
512
Immersion, partial immersion, spraying, or spin coating
utilized (e.g., dipping, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the article or substrate to be coated is (1)
submerged or dipped, either partially or wholly, in the
coating material (2) positioned to have the coating material
projected by mechanical force thereon or (3) conveyed about
an axis of rotation, which axis is external of the article or
substrate, thus moving in an arc or circle which spreads
coating material by centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, for processes wherein reactive coating
occurs on the substrate and not externally thereof. Class
427 provides for coating a metal substrate with a resin
composition in an immersion bath, wherein metal ions leaching
from the metal substrate enter the immersion medium and react
or complex externally of the metal substrate to deposit a
coating containing an element from the metal substrate.
Subclass:
513
Textile or fiber coated or impregnated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the coated or impregnated base is (1) formed by a
textile operation, (2) a solid or stranded group of slender,
flexible rodlike materials of indefinite length or (3) of
relatively short, slender, flexible elements of finite
length.
Subclass:
514
Coating material includes colorant or pigment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the applied coating material includes any dye, ink,
paint, or coloring matter that inputs or modifies color.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
510 for processes of applying nonuniform or patterned
coating utilizing colorant or pigment.
Subclass:
515
Organosilicon containing coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the coating composition contains an organic silicon
compound.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
516
Coating is adhesive or is intended to be made adhesive (e.g.,
release sheet or coating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
which result in an applied coating having adhesive properties
for adhering a substrate to another surface.
(1) Note. The applied coating material may become adhesive
when it is contacted by low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
515 for adhesive coating compositions containing
organosilicon.
Subclass:
517
Coating includes specified rate affecting material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the applied coating composition includes a stipulated
material which affects the rate of the polymerization.
(1) Note. A rateaffecting material is a material which
either affects the rate of reaction, permits reduced amounts
of wave energy, increases or decreases the degree of
polymerization, cure, crosslinking, grafting, or inhibits
reaction. Included are photo initiators, photosensitizers,
activators, accelerators, inhibitors, initiators, retarders,
sensitizing auxiliaries, generators, or curing catalysts.
(2) Note. The mere mention or recitation of use of an
accelerator or rate affecting material with no specific type
designated is not proper for this and indented subclasses.
(3) Note. Search subclass 514 for subject matter containing
colorant or pigment.
Subclass:
518
Inorganic substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Processes
wherein the substrate is composed of inorganic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
519
Keto or aldehyde containing group is part of the rate
affecting coating material (e.g., benzoin, benzophenone,
acetaldehyde, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Processes
wherein a keto or aldehyde group is part of the rate
affecting coating material.
(1) Note. The following is a list of some keto or aldehyde
group containing compounds that are found in this subclass.
a. benzophenone, b. acetaldehyde, c. benzoin isobutyl, d.
camphor quinone, e. methyl isoamyl ketone. This list is not
intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above
examples.
Subclass:
520
Benzene ring or nitrogen containing coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the applied coating material contains at least one
benzene ring or nitrogen.
(1) Note. The term "benzene ring" includes in all cases
except where there are explicit limitations to the contrary,
substituted benzene rings, including substitution in the form
of an additional fused or bridged ring or ring systems.
Subclass:
521
Radiation as heat source (e.g., radiant energy, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Processes
wherein the heat energy utilized for polymerization of the
applied coating is the result of or is assisted by
radiation.
(1) Note. This subclass excludes processes wherein infrared
or radiant heat is used to vaporize the coating material in a
vapor deposition process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for imaging using radiant energy.
Subclass:
522
Resistance or induction heatinitiated polymerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Processes
wherein the polymerization step involving the applied coating
is effected by using the applied coating or the substrate as
the electrical energy conductor as in resistance or
inductance heating, such that a current flows there through.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include processes wherein
the electric current is passed through a heating filament,
coil, susceptor, etc., which is not the substrate.
(2) Note. Induction heating involves subjecting a
conductive body to a variable electromagnetic field, usually
at a frequency lower than that used for dielectric heating.
Internal resistance in the conductive body then causes the
conductive body to heat up.
(3) Note. Processes wherein an electrical discharge is
caused to pass through a coated substrate to initiate
polymerization are found here and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
540 wherein an arc or electrical discharge is produced in
resistance heating to pretreat a substrate or posttreat a
coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 73.11, 73.21, and 76.1+ for
metal coating buildup with the use of resistance heating.
Electric welding, has to have two preforms being joined,
wherein coating is ancillary to the joining of the preforms.
Subclass:
523
Ion plating or implantation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein (1) evaporating a coating material in the presence of
an electrical discharge (arc, beam, etc.) in an energetic
gaseous medium, which forms or is associated with a cathode
polarized by a high negative voltage relative to the source
of the coating material, and depositing the coating material
onto the substrate, with simultaneous bombardment by ions
which cause momentum transfer (sputtering) on the substrate
to occur or (2) coating material is introduced into or
penetrates the nearsurface region of a substrate by directing
an accelerated beam or stream of energetic (charged) ions
including the coating material, toward the substrate.
(1) Note. The term "ion plating" is applied to a
combination of process steps that include: (a) sputtering of
the surface of a substrate due to momentum transfer, and; (b)
simultaneously or subsequentially depositing a coating on the
substrate from a flux of ionic coating material (i.e.,
usually considered to be a high energy plasma with a small
flux of ions and a much larger number of energetic
neutrals).
(2) Note. Ion implantation of the near surface region of a
substrate to create a distinguishable layer differing in
composition from the substrate will be proper for this Class
427, regardless of whether the implantation of this layer is
limited to the microstructure or not.
(3) Note. Ion plating, wherein the target material and the
substrate are one and the same is proper for this subclass
and indented subclasses.
(4) Note. Processes utilizing ion bombardment or ion
treating, that specifies neither implanting, etching,
plating, etc., but merely recites some change as in the
materials characteristic properties will be classified in
this and indented subclasses with the proper crosses in
Classes 156 or 204 as needed; however processes utilizing ion
bombardment or ion treatment merely to treat a substrate
surface, either before or after coating are found below, in
this class, in the pretreatment and posttreatment area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
532 for pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a
coated substrate utilizing ion bombardment or ion treating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 715 for ion plating apparatus
utilizing means other than sputtering for providing the
material to be deposited onto the substrate.
148, Metal Treatment, for microstructural change throughout a
metal substrate involving the use of ion implantation to
effect this change. Placement of the document in this class
(427) is proper only when ion implantation is used to coat
with incidental surface impregnation.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for coating,
forming, or etching by sputtering. Class 427 is not proper
for sputter etching, per se, which subject matter is
classified in Class 204, however the combination of a 427
coating step combined with a 204 etching operation solely to
perfect the coating is proper for this class (427). In Class
204 see subclass 192.11 for ion beam sputter deposition,
subclass 192.3 for sputter etching, subclass 192.34 for ion
beam sputter etching, and subclass 192.12 for glow discharge
sputter deposition (e.g., Cathode sputtering, etc.); see
subclass 298.02 for apparatus including target means for
providing coating material to be deposited onto the substrate
by sputtering said target which additionally includes means
for ionizing at least a portion of the coating material and
applying a potential to the substrate whereby the substrate
is simultaneously subjected to electrostatically aided
deposition and sputter etching due to ionic bombardment.
250, Radiant Energy, 492.1 for methods of irradiation, per
se, of a material with ions.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for
processes utilizing ion implantation in the manufacture of
semiconductor devices, particularly to form a PN junction.
Subclass:
524
With simultaneous sputter etching of substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the sputter etching of the substrate is executed at
the same time the coating is being applied to the substrate,
which etching serves only to perfect the coating.
(1) Note. This class (427) is not proper for sputter
etching, per se, which subject matter is classified in Class
204, however the combination of a 427 coating step combined
with a 204 etching operation solely to perfect the coating is
proper for this subclass.
(2) Note. In a Class 204 sputter etching process, the
coating material is the target.
Subclass:
525
Organic material present in substrate, plating, or implanted
layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein (1) the plating or implanted material contains
organic matter or (2) the substrate which is plated or
implanted contains organic matter.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the terms "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
526
Nonuniform or patterned ion plating or ion implanting (e.g.
mask, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the ion plating or ion implanting (1) is applied only
to selected portions of a substrate (2) is applied in such a
manner as to produce a coating of uneven, discontinuous, or
nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from area to area as to
physical or chemical properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes without
the use of electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave
energy.
448 for nonuniform or patterned spray coating processes
utilizing flame or plasma heat.
466 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
electrostatic charge, field or force.
504 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform
coating utilizing high energy electromagnetic radiation or
high energy particles.
510 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform
coating utilizing low energy electromagnetic radiation.
552 for nonuniform or patterned processes involving
pretreating a substrate or posttreating a coated substrate
utilizing high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particles.
555 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
laser radiation in a thermal pretreatment of a substrate or a
thermal posttreatment of a coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for coating processes involving electric
or magnetic imagery.
Subclass:
527
Silicon present in substrate, plating, or implanted layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes,
wherein (1) the plating or implanted material contains
silicon or (2) the substrate which is plated or implanted
contains silicon.
Subclass:
528
Metal or metal alloy substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the substrate (base or work-piece) which is plated or
implanted is a pure metal or metal alloy.
Subclass:
529
Inorganic oxide containing plating or implanted material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the plating material or the resulting implanted
material contains inorganic oxide.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the terms "organic" and "inorganic".
Subclass:
530
Inorganic metal compound present in plating or implanted
material (e.g., nitrides, carbides, borides, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the plating or the resulting implanted material
contains inorganic metal compounds.
(1) Note. Coating materials containing inorganic metal
nitrides, carbides, and borides are some of the metal
compounds found in this subclass.
(2) Note. Processes wherein the implanting material may be
a mixture of metals, nitrogen, carbon, or boron which may
react in or on a base to form a distinct metal nitride,
carbide, or boride layer are found here.
(3) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the terms "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
531
Metal or metal alloy as plating or implanted material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the plating or implanting material is pure metal or
metal alloy.
Subclass:
532
Pretreatment of substrate or posttreatment of coated
substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein (1) prior to a coating a substrate is chemically or
physically modified or (2) after a coating is applied there
is modification of the chemical or physical characteristics
of the coated substrate utilizing electrical, magnetic,
electromagnetic, or wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, for processes involving coating
glass plus subsequent treatment thereof (e.g., including
patents claiming the step of coating a glass substrate and
reacting the coating with a constituent of the glass
substrate).
Subclass:
533
Ionized gas utilized (e.g., electrically powered source,
corona discharge, plasma, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein an energetic (charged) gaseous medium is utilized in
the pretreatment of a substrate or the posttreatment of a
substrate.
(1) Note. Alpha rays (particles) are identical to the
helium atom, and for classification purposes will not be
considered as an ionized gas since, they are not in a
naturally occurring ionization state under any normal earth
conditions, except in nuclear processes.
Subclass:
534
Cleaning or removing part of substrate (e.g., etching with
plasma, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Processes
wherein, prior to the coating, etching influenced by
electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave energy, is
utilized to clean or remove part of the substrate.
(1) Note. Plasma, glow discharge, and electron beam etching
are some of the processes used to clean that are found here.
(2) Note. In processes involving plural coating steps
wherein electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave energy
etching is used to clean a previously deposited coating with
the intent to perfect a subsequent deposited coating will be
considered proper for this class (427).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, especially 63 for
posttreatment etching utilizing high energy techniques.
Pretreatment etching of a substrate utilizing electric,
electromagnetic, magnetic, or wave energy is proper for Class
427.
Subclass:
535
Plasma (e.g., cold plasma, corona, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Processes
wherein an ionized gas used is a plasma, having a
concentration of negatively and positively charged carriers
which are approximately equal.
(1) Note. A plasma consists of a wholly or partially
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral
particles.
Subclass:
536
Organic substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Processes
wherein the composition of the base is organic.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
537
Metal containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Processes
wherein the coating material contains a pure metal or metal
alloy.
Subclass:
538
Textile or fiber coated or impregnated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Processes
wherein the coated or impregnated substrate is (1) formed by
a textile operation or (2) in the form of relatively short,
slender, flexible elements of finite length (3) a solid or
stranded group of slender, flexible rodlike material of
indefinite length.
Subclass:
539
Oxygen containing atmosphere:
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Processes
wherein plasma treatment of the base is conducted in a
gaseous surrounding or environment which includes oxygen.
Subclass:
540
Arc or electrical discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein a luminous discharge of electricity, through a gas or
vapor is applied directly to the substrate, which may be in
the form of an electrode.
(1) Note. The arc discharge is a type of electrical
conduction in gases characterized by high current density and
low potential drop. It is closely related to the glow
discharge, but has a much lower potential drop in the cathode
region, as well as a greater current density. No sustained
plasma is formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for the use of an arc to plasma spray.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 73.11, 73.21, and 76.14 for
coating operations that involve a buildup of a metal coating
on a metal workpiece and wherein an arc between an electrode
and the work is utilized.
Subclass:
541
Drying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein the electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave
energy is used to effect the extraction or the elimination of
moisture or liquids from the substrate or coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 266, 418,
419+, and 519+ for processes utilizing radiant energy to dry,
per se. Combinations of coating processes and drying
operations are proper however for Class 427.
Subclass:
542
Infrared or radiant heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 541. Processes
wherein the drying is directly influenced by electromagnetic
waves longer than those of visible light and shorter than
those of radio waves or by infrared radiation; e.g., black
body radiation, from a body not hot enough to emit visible
radiation.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for coating processes
utilizing radiant heat only when "radiant heat" is
specifically set forth.
(2) Note. This subclass excludes processes wherein the
infrared energy or radiant heat is utilized to vaporize the
coating material in a vapor deposition process.
(3) Note. Radiant rays pass through gases without warming
them appreciably, but the rays increase the sensible
temperature of a solid or liquid upon which they impinge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248.1 for coating processes utilizing vaporized coating
materials in vapor deposition processes.
Subclass:
543
Induction or dielectric heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
which utilize induction or dielectric heating in treating a
substrate before it is coated or treating a coated
substrate.
(1) Note. Induction heating involves subjecting a
conductive body to a variable electromagnetic field, usually
at a frequency lower than that used for dielectric heating.
Internal resistance in the conductive body then cause the
conductive body to heat up
(2) Note. Dielectric heating involves the method of raising
the temperature of a nominally insulating material by
sandwiching it between two plates to which an rf voltage is
applied. The material acts as a dielectric and its internal
resistance causes it to heat up.
Subclass:
544
Organic coating containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Processes
wherein a posttreated substrate has organic material in its
coating composition.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the term "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
545
Resistance heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein an electrical current is passed through a substrate
before it is coated or an electrical current is passed
through a coated substrate to produce heat by means of
internal resistance.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include processes wherein
the electric current is passed through a heating filament,
coil, susceptor, etc., which is not the substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
540 wherein an arc or electrical discharge is produced in
resistance heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 73.11, 73.21, and 76.1+ for
metal coating buildup with the use of resistance heating.
Electric welding has to have two preforms being joined,
wherein coating is ancillary to the joining of the preforms.
Subclass:
546
Metal or metal alloy containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 545. Processes
wherein the coating material contains a pure metal or metal
alloy.
Subclass:
547
Magnetic field or force utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein a magnetic field or force is used to treat a
substrate before it is coated or to treat a coated
substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
543 for the use of a magnetic field or force to produce
induction heating.
Subclass:
548
Magnetic recording medium or device formed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Processes
wherein a device or tape is produced to store information by
a magnetic means.
(1) Note. For this and indented subclasses it is understood
that magnetic recording media usually contain magnetizable
particles, hence need not be subsequently crossed to the
pertaining subclass of equal or lesser indentation below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for methods of forming magnetic devices in general, not
provided for above.
502 for magnetic recording medium formed using high energy
ionizing radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 181 for a
composition for magnetic purposes, but which is devoid of
magnetic material or to processes or preparing said
compositions.
Subclass:
549
Running length substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 548. Processes
wherein the magnetic medium to be coated travels
longitudinally of itself, the length of which is continuous
or uninterrupted.
Subclass:
550
Magnetizable powder, flakes, or particles utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Processes
wherein the coating material containing powder, flakes, or
particles are influenced by the magnetic field or force
during the pretreatment of a substrate or the posttreatment
of a coated substrate.
Subclass:
551
High energy electromagnetic radiation or high energy
particles utilized (e.g., gamma ray, Xray, atomic particle,
i.e., alpha ray, beta ray, high energy electron, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein the substrate prior to coating or the coated
substrate is treated with high energy electromagnetic
radiation or high energy particles.
(1) Note. The term "high energy electromagnetic radiation
or high energy particles," as employed here and in indented
subclasses includes; e.g., Xrays, gamma rays, atomic
particles; i.e., alpha particles, beta particles, and high
energy electrons. Electromagnetic wave energy measured below
wavelengths of 100 Angstroms (10 to the minus 8 meters) will
be considered "high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particle." This subject matter is often referred to as
"high energy ionizing radiation." a. gamma ray ( .000
1.40 A); b. Xray (0.1 100 A); c. atomic particle alpha
ray; beta ray; d. high energy electrons accelerated. This
list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to
the above examples.
(2) Note. Alpha rays are helium, and for classification
purposes will not be considered as an ionized gas since,
except in nuclear processes, they are not a naturally
occurring ionization state under any normal earth
conditions.
Subclass:
552
Nonuniform or patterned coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Processes
wherein the coating utilized in the pretreatment of a
substrate or the posttreatment of a coated substrate (1) is
applied only to selected portions of a substrate, (2) is
applied in such a manner as to produce a coating of uneven,
discontinuous, or nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from
area to area as to physical or chemical properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes without
the use of electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave
energy.
448 nonuniform or patterned spray coating processes
utilizing flame or plasma heat.
466 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
electrostatic charge, field, or force.
504 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing high energy electromagnetic
radiation or high energy particles.
510 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
526 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
ion plating or implantation.
555 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
laser radiation in a thermal pretreatment or a thermal
posttreatment of a coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for coating processes involving electric
or magnetic imagery.
Subclass:
553
Low energy electromagnetic radiation (e.g., microwave, radio
wave, IR, UV, visible, actinic, laser, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein the substrate prior to coating or the coated
substrate is treated with low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
(1) Note. The term "low energy electromagnetic radiation"
as employed here and indented subclasses includes, e.g.,
ultraviolet, infrared, visible light, actinic, microwave, and
radio waves. Electromagnetic wave energy measured above
wavelengths of 100 Angstroms(10 to the minus 8 meters) will
be considered low energy electromagnetic radiation. a.
ultraviolet (101 4000 A); b. actinic light includes both UV
& visible; c. visible (4000 A 7000 A); d. infrared (above
7000 A); e. microwave (1mm 1m (includes 2.45 GHz)); f. radio
wave 13.56 MHz is permitted frequency; g. laser. This list is
not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above
examples.
Subclass:
554
Laser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Processes
wherein a narrow beam of coherent light (light amplification
by simulated emissions of radiation) is utilized to treat the
substrate or coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121.11 for processes utilizing
electric heat energy, per se, wherein the heat source is an
electron beam, plasma, arc, laser, etc. Documents should be
placed in Class 427 as originals if a coating operation is
claimed in combination with an electric heating step to treat
a substrate before or after coating.
Subclass:
555
Nonuniform or patterned coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Processes
wherein the coating utilized in the pretreatment of a
substrate or the posttreatment of a coated substrate (1) is
applied only to selected portions of a base, (2) is applied
in such a manner as to produce a coating of uneven,
discontinuous, or nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from
area to area as to physical or chemical properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes without
the use of electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave
energy.
448 nonuniform or patterned spray coating processes
utilizing flame or plasma heat.
466 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
electrostatic charge, field, or force.
504 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned plasma coating utilizing high energy
electromagnetic radiation or high energy particles.
510 for processes to polymerize an applied nonuniform or
patterned coating utilizing low energy electromagnetic
radiation.
526 for nonuniform or patterned coating processes utilizing
ion plating or implantation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 31 for coating processes involving
radiation imagery.
Subclass:
556
Metal or metal alloy substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Processes
wherein the nonuniform coating is applied to a pure metal or
metal alloy substrate.
Subclass:
557
Thermal processes (e.g., radiant heat, infrared, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Processes
wherein the energy utilized to treat a substrate prior to
coating or a coated substrate is heat producing wave energy.
Subclass:
558
Ultraviolet light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Processes
wherein the wave energy utilized to produce the heat which
treats the substrate or the coated substrate is ultraviolet
light.
Subclass:
559
Fusing, curing, or annealing (e.g., ceramics, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Processes
wherein wave energy is utilized to produce heat which will
fuse, cure, or anneal the coating in a posttreatment
process.
(1) Note. Annealing of metals is not classified here.
Search the appropriate metal working and metal treating
classes.
Subclass:
560
Sonic or ultrasonic (e.g., cleaning or removing material from
substrate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein sonic or ultrasonic energy is utilized to pretreat a
substrate or to posttreat a coated substrate.
(1) Note. Ultrasonic has a frequency above sonic; i.e.,
frequencies above 16,000 hertz and below radio waves.
Subclass:
561
Pretreatment of coating supply or source outside of primary
deposition zone or off site:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a coating material supply which is offsite or outside
of the primary deposition region, zone, or chamber is treated
with electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave energy
and subsequently directed or reflected to the substrate to
which it is applied.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes of producing a
vapor for use in vapor deposition processes.
(2) Note. Processes utilizing plural chambers, shutters,
shields, or noncontiguous masks and some guides or separators
are used to direct the pretreated coating supply found in
this subclass.
Subclass:
562
Electric discharge (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Processes
wherein an electric discharge is used to treat the coating
material before it is applied.
(1) Note. The arc discharge is a type of electrical
conduction in gases characterized by high current density and
low potential drop. It is closely related to the glow
discharge, but has a much lower potential drop in the cathode
region, as well as a greater current density.
Subclass:
563
Silicon containing coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 562. Processes
wherein coating material applied to the substrate contains
silicon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly 788 and 792+ for deposition of silicon oxide or
silicon nitride, respectively, on a semiconductor substrate
utilizing electromagnetic or wave energy.
Subclass:
564
Metal, metal alloy, or metal oxide containing coating
material:
Processes under 562 wherein the coating material supply
contains a pure metal, metal alloy, or metal oxide.
Subclass:
565
Sonic or ultrasonic (e.g., vibratory energy, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Processes
wherein sonic or ultrasonic wave energy is used to cause a
continuously reversing change in the magnitude of waves
(vibrations) to treat the coating material supply.
Subclass:
566
Electron irradiation (e.g., ebeam evaporation, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Processes
wherein the direct application of electrons is employed to
treat the coating material supply.
Subclass:
567
Silicon or metal oxide coating (e.g., glass, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Processes
wherein the coating material contains metal oxide or
silicon.
Subclass:
568
Silicon containing coating supply or source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Processes
wherein the coating supply or source contains silicon.
Subclass:
569
Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, cold plasma, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a wholly or partially ionized gas, which has an
activating source, is responsible for the deposition of the
coating material.
(1) Note. A plasma consists of a wholly or partially
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral
particles. The concentration of negatively and positively
charged carriers are approximately equal.
(2) Note. Processes utilizing corona, glow discharge, and
cold plasma are found here, when utilized to cause
disassociation or ionization of the vaporous reactants
allowing a coating material (reaction product) to deposit on
a substrate.
(3) Note. In a cold plasma the temperature of the electrons
is high wherein the temperature of the ions is relatively
low, possibly room temperature.
Subclass:
570
Utilizing plasma with other nonionizing energy sources:
This subclass is indented under subclass 569. Processes
which utilize (1) a plasma and (2) a secondary energy source
at any stage in the plasma coating process for any reason,
other than initiating or generating the plasma.
(1) Note. This subclass includes subject matter with dual
activation (reaction energized sites) wherein one of the
energy sources must be plasma (e.g., plasma plus infrared
heat energy, etc.).
(2) Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, it will be
assumed that a disclosed energy source is the plasma
initiating source, unless it is specified that the energy
source is utilized for a purpose other than initiating the
plasma.
Subclass:
571
With magnetic enhancement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Processes
wherein a plasma utilized having an activating energy source
is confined or shaped by a magnetic field or force.
Subclass:
572
Light as energy source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Processes
wherein the secondary energy used in conjunction with a
plasma is electromagnetic wave energy.
Subclass:
573
With heated substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Processes
wherein a substrate is heated using electrical or
electromagnetic wave energy, including indirect heat as in
the form of a susceptor.
Subclass:
574
Silicon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Processes
wherein the coating material contains silicon.
Subclass:
575
Generated by microwave (i.e., 1mm to 1m):
This subclass is indented under subclass 569. Processes
wherein microwave energy is utilized to activate or initiate
the plasma.
(1) Note. The wavelength of microwave is measured as 1mm to
1m and its FCC allowed frequency is 2.45 GHz.
(2) Note. Microwave is a term applied to electromagnetic
waves which occupy a region in the electromagnetic spectrum
which is bounded by radio waves on the side of longer
wavelengths and by infrared waves on the side of shorter
wavelengths.
Subclass:
576
Metal, metal alloy, or metal oxide coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 569. Processes
wherein the coating material applied contains a pure metal,
metal alloy, or metal oxide.
Subclass:
577
Inorganic carbon containing coating material, not as steel
(e.g., carbide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 569. Processes
wherein the coating material, excluding steel, contains
inorganic carbon.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the terms "organic" and "inorganic."
(2) Note. Metal compounds, excluding steel, containing more
than 1.7 percent of inorganic carbon are properly classified
in this subclass.
Subclass:
578
Silicon containing coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 569. Processes
wherein a coating material applied contains silicon.
Subclass:
579
Silicon oxides or nitrides:
This subclass is indented under subclass 578. Processes
wherein the silicon utilized in the coating material is
silicon oxide or silicon nitride.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
577 for coating material containing silicon carbide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly 788 and 792+ for deposition of silicon oxide or
silicon nitride, respectively, on a semiconductor substrate
utilizing electromagnetic or wave energy.
Subclass:
580
Electrical discharge (e.g., arcs, sparks, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein the deposition of the coating material involves the
use a luminous discharge of electricity, through a gas or
vapor, between two electrodes of which one may be the
substrate.
(1) Note. An arc discharge is a type of electrical
conduction in gases characterized by high current density and
low potential drop. It is closely related to the glow
discharge, but has a much lower potential drop in the cathode
region, as well as a greater current density, wherein no
sustained plasma is formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for the use of an arc to coat with plasma spray.
562 for the use of an arc to pretreat the coating supply or
source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 73.11, 73.21, and 76.1+ for
coating operations that involve a buildup of metal coating on
a metal workpiece and wherein an arc between and electrode
and the work is utilized.
Subclass:
581
Chemical deposition from liquid contiguous with substrate via
electron beam or light (e.g., photochemical liquid
deposition, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein the deposition of a liquid coating is driven by
either light energy or an electron beam. The liquid coating
material must be contiguous with the substrate during the
energy application.
Subclass:
582
Photoinitiated chemical vapor deposition (i.e., photo CVD):
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a chemical vapor reaction driven by the absorption of
light occurs and a reaction product is deposited on a
substrate.
(1) Note. In processes involving photo initiated chemical
vapor deposition, the wave length or the specific energy
level of a photon are generally identified.
Subclass:
583
Silicon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 582. Processes
wherein an applied coating contains silicon.
Subclass:
584
Metal, metal alloy, or metal oxide coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 582. Processes
wherein an applied coating material contains pure metal,
metal alloy, or metal oxide.
Subclass:
585
Chemical vapor deposition (e.g., electron beam or heating
using IR, inductance, resistance, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a vapor phase precursor decomposes either in a gas or
on a substrate, which reaction is effected by
electromagnetic, electrical, magnetic, or wave energy which
results in a coated substrate.
(1) Note. Thermal chemical vapor deposition processes using
infrared heating to effect or assist in effecting the
chemical reaction are found here.
(2) Note. This subclass excludes processes wherein an
infrared energy is utilized merely to vaporize the coating
material, e.g., where no chemical reaction takes place, in a
vapor deposition process.
(3) Note. Indirect heat transfer to a substrate as via
convection is excluded from this and indented subclasses as a
heat energy source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 99, 124, 166, and 248.1+, for vapor deposition processes
which may include utilization of radiant heat.
Subclass:
586
Pyrolytic use of laser or focused light (e.g., IR, UV lasers
to heat, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 585. Processes in
which a chemical vapor deposition process utilizes heat
generated by laser (UV, IR, or focused beam) radiation to
drive the chemical reaction.
Subclass:
587
Resistance or induction heating:
Processes under 585 wherein resistance or induction heat is
employed to effect the coating.
(1) Note. Induction heating involves subjecting a
conductive body to a variable electromagnetic field, usually
at a frequency lower than that used for dielectric heating.
Internal resistance in the conductive body then cause the
conductive body to heat up.
(2) Note. Resistance heating involves passing an electric
current through a conductive body to produce heat by means of
internal resistance.
(3) Note. This subclass does not include processes wherein
the electric current is passed through a heating filament,
coil, susceptor, etc., which is not the substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
540 wherein an arc or electrical discharge is produced in
resistance heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 73.11, 73.21, and 76.1+ for
metal coating buildup with the use of resistance heating.
Electric welding, has to have two preforms being joined,
wherein coating is ancillary to the joining of the preforms.
Subclass:
588
Silicon or semiconductor material containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Processes
wherein coating matter applied to a substrate contains
silicon or semiconductor material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly 788 and 792+ for deposition of silicon oxide or
silicon nitride, respectively, on a semiconductor substrate
utilizing electromagnetic or wave energy.
Subclass:
589
Silicon carbide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 588. Processes
wherein the silicon utilized in the coating is silicon
carbide.
Subclass:
590
Boron, nitrogen, or inorganic carbon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Processes
wherein the coating material contains boron, nitrogen, or
inorganic carbon included in its composition.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the distinction
between the terms "organic" and "inorganic."
Subclass:
591
Induction or dielectric heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
which utilize induction or dielectric heating.
(1) Note. Induction heating involves subjecting a
conductive body to a variable electromagnetic field, usually
at a frequency lower than that used for dielectric heating.
Internal resistance in the conductive body then cause the
conductive body to heat up.
(2) Note. Dielectric heating involves the method of raising
the temperature of a nominally insulating material by
sandwiching it between two plates to which an rf voltage is
applied. The material acts as a dielectric and its internal
resistance causes it to heat up.
Subclass:
592
Resistance heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein an electrical current is passed through the coating
material or substrate to produce heat by means of internal
resistance.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include processes wherein
the electric current is passed through a heating filament,
coil, susceptor, etc., which is not the substrate or the
coating material.
(2) Note. This subclass excludes indirect heat transfer to
the substrate or coating material as via convection heat.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248.1 for processes involving direct heating of an
evaporation pot, boat, or crucible containing coating
material using resistance energy with the intent to vaporize
said coating for application to a substrate.
540 wherein an arc or electrical discharge is produced in
resistance heating to effect coating.
580 wherein an arc or electrical discharge is produced in
resistance heating to effect coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 73.11, 73.21, and 76.1+ for
metal coating buildup with the use of resistance heating.
Electric welding has to have two preforms being joined,
wherein coating is ancillary to the joining of the preforms.
Subclass:
593
Vapor deposition employing resistance heating of substrate or
coating material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Processes
wherein a substrate is resistively heated and a coating
material is applied as a vapor or gas, or a source material
for vapor deposition is resistively heated.
(1) Note. Processes utilizing consumable electrodes to
apply coating as vapor or gas, by resistance electrical
energy are proper for this and indented subclasses.
(2) Note. Explosive or detonation vaporization for
deposition, via resistance heating is properly classified
here.
(3) Note. Processes wherein a rod, wire, or filament is
wholly or partially vaporized and deposited on a substrate is
proper for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for explosive or detonation flame or plasma spray
vaporization.
587 wherein a chemical vapor reaction occurs.
Subclass:
594
Immersion or partial immersion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Processes
wherein the coating is applied by submerging at least part of
the base in a pool or bath of coating material.
(1) Note. Reference to the use of a "bath" coating process
is considered immersion and proper for this subclass.
(2) Note. Fluidized bed processes will not be considered
immersion for this subclass. Processes utilizing fluidized
beds of solid particles or powder using resistance heating is
found in this class, subclass 592.
Subclass:
595
Electromagnetic or particulate radiation utilized (e.g., IR,
UV, Xray, gamma ray, actinic, microwave, radio wave, atomic
particle; i.e., alpha ray, beta ray, electron, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein the deposition of the coating material is assisted by
electromagnetic or particular radiation, the propagation of
energy through space or material.
(1) Note. For the purpose of classification here and in
indented subclasses, the term "electromagnetic or
particulate radiation" includes the following:
a.Electromagnetic Radiation; (radio wave, microwave, visible,
ultraviolet, X rays, gamma ray, actinic) b. Particulate
Radiation (alpha ray (2 protons + 2 neutrons); beta ray
(electrons), electron (accelerated beam) neutron)
This list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited
to the above examples.
Subclass:
596
Laser or electron beam (e.g., heat source, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 595. Processes
wherein laser or electron beam is utilized as a heat source
to assist in the deposition of the coating material.
(1) Note. Processes wherein a narrow beam of coherent light
(light amplification by simulated emissions of radiation) is
utilized to assist in the deposition of the coating material
are found here.
(2) Note. Processes wherein a narrow stream of electrons
moving in the same direction under the influence of an
electric or magnetic field is utilized as a heat source to
assist in the deposition of the coating are found here.
Subclass:
597
Metal or metal alloy containing coating material applied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Processes
wherein the coating material applied contains a pure metal or
a metal alloy.
Subclass:
598
Magnetic field or force utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a magnetic field or force is used to treat or coat or
assist in the treatment or coating of a substrate or coated
substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
543 for the use of a magnetic field or force to produce
induction heating.
547 for the use of magnetic field or force to pretreat or
posttreat the substrate.
Subclass:
599
Magnetic recording medium or device formed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Processes
wherein a device or tape is produced to store information by
magnetic means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for methods of forming magnetic devices in general, not
provided for above.
502 for magnetic recording medium formed using high energy
ionizing radiation.
548 for the formation of a magnetic medium which utilizes
magnetic field or force to pretreat or posttreat the
substrate.
Subclass:
600
Sonic or ultrasonic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein the wave energy used to cause deposition of the
applied coating is sonic or ultrasonic.
(1) Note. Ultrasonic waves vibrate at frequencies beyond
the hearing power of human beings (above 16,000 hertz). Sonic
frequencies are vibrations which can be heard by the human
ear (from about 15 hertz to approximately 20,000 hertz).
Subclass:
601
Immersion bath utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Processes
wherein the coating is applied by wholly or partially
submerging the base in a coating material and simultaneously
applying sonic or ultrasonic energy to the base or the
coating material supply.
Subclass:
900
CHEMICAL VAPOR INFILTRATION (i.e., CVI):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process in which chemical reactants in vapor phase penetrate
a porous substrate wherein a vapor phase reaction
subsequently occurs to form a coating that deposits in said
substrate.
Subclass:
901
LIQUID SOURCE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (i.e., LSCVD) OR
AEROSOL CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (i.e., ACVD):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process which includes vaporizing a liquid material within a
chemical vapor deposition chamber or reactor, wherein the
vaporized liquid (per se or in aerosol form) contacts a
heated substrate to thermally decompose, thereby forming a
coating (film, layer, etc.) on the substrate surface.
(1) Note. This subclass is proper for heat decomposition of
liquid, vapor, or gas to form a coating on a base
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for using heat to decompose an existing coating on a
base.
Subclass:
902
DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON COATING (i.e., DLC):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process wherein the resulting coating consists primarily of
metastable amorphous carbon which contains both hybridized
tetragonal sp3 and trigonal sp2 bonds.
(1) Note. The diamond-like carbon may contain, in addition
to the primary amorphous phase, very small crystals ranging
in diameter from 2nm to 20nm.
Subclass:
903
FULLERENE TYPE BASE OR COATING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process wherein the coating or base consists of carbon
(generally carbon with 20 to 1000 atoms) having pentagonal or
hexagonal faces.
Subclass:
904
Utilizing low energy electromagnetic radiation (e.g.,
microwave, radio wave, IR, UV, visible, actinic, laser,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Process
wherein low energy electromagnetic radiation is used during
any stage of the coating operation to deposit a diamond-like
coating.
(1) Note. The term low energy electromagnetic radiation, as
employed here, includes, e.g., ultraviolet, infrared, visible
light, actinic, microwave, and radio waves. Electromagnetic
wave energy measured above wavelengths of 100 Angstroms (10
to the minus 8 meters) will be considered low energy
electromagnetic radiation.
Subclass:
905
Utilizing ion plating or ion implantation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Process
wherein ion plating or ion implantation is used during any
stage of the coating operation to deposit a diamond-like
coating.
(1) Note. Ion plating or implantation is considered to be a
process of (a) evaporating coating material in the presence
of an electrical discharge (arc, beam, etc.) in an energetic
gaseous medium, which forms or is associated with a cathode
polarized by a high negative voltage relative to the source
of the coating material, and depositing the coating material
onto the substrate, with simultaneous bombardment by ions
which cause momentum transfer (sputtering) on the substrate
to occur or (b) coating material is introduced into or
penetrates the near-surface region of a substrate by
directing an accelerated beam or stream of energetic
(charged) ions including the coating material, toward the
substrate.
(2) Note. The term ion plating is applied to a combination
of process steps that include: (a) sputtering of the surface
of a substrate due to momentum transfer, and (b)
simultaneously or subsequentially depositing a coating on the
substrate from a flux of ionic coating material (i.e.,
usually considered to be a high energy plasma with a small
flux of ions and a much larger number of energetic
neutrals).
(3) Note. Ion implantation of the near surface region of a
substrate to create a distinguishable layer differing in
composition from the substrate will be proper for this class,
regardless of whether the implantation of this layer is
limited to the microstructure or not.
(4) Note. Ion plating, wherein the target material and the
substrate are one and the same is proper for this subclass
and indented subclasses.
(5) Note. Processes utilizing ion bombardment or ion
treating that specifies neither implanting, etching, plating,
etc., but merely recites some change as in the materials
characteristic properties will be classified in this
subclass.
Subclass:
906
Utilizing plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, cold plasma,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Process
wherein plasma is used during any stage of the coating
operation to deposit a diamond-like coating.
(1) Note. A plasma consists of a wholly or partially
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral
particles. The concentrations of negatively and positively
charged carriers are approximately equal.
(2) Note. Processes utilizing corona, glow discharge, and
cold plasma are found here, when utilized to cause
disassociation or ionization of the vaporous reactants
allowing a coating material (reaction product) to deposit on
a substrate.
(3) Note. In a cold plasma the temperature of the electrons
is high whereas the temperature of the ions is relatively
low, possibly room temperature.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions of the Foreign Patent/NPL Art Collections
below correspond to the definitions of the abolished
subclasses from which these collections were formed. See the
Foreign Patent/NPL Art Collection schedule for specific
correspondences. {Note: the titles and definitions for
indented art collections include all the details of the
one(s) that are hierarchically superior.}
Subclass: FOR 100
Foreign art collections including processes that result in a
carbon or carbide coated base.
Subclass: FOR 101
Foreign art collections including processes wherein the base
includes an inorganic silicon containing com or an inorganic
metal containing com.
Subclass: FOR 102
Mixture of vapors or gases utilized: Foreign art collections
including processes wherein a mix of gases or vapors is
contacted with the base to form a coating.
Subclass: FOR 103
The resultant coating is a mixture or a com formed from the
mixture utilized: Foreign art collections including processes
wherein the resultant coating after application to the base
comprises (a) a mixture of coating components from different
sources or (b) a compound formed from components supplied by
different sources.
Subclass: FOR 104
The mixture utilized contains oxygen: Foreign art collections
including processes wherein at least one of the gases in the
mixture of gases or vapors includes oxygen.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000