U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Classification Index
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(definitions have been obtained from the
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Electronic Products Branch)
Class 416
FLUID REACTION SURFACES (I.E., IMPELLERS)
Class Definition:
This class provides the locus for all fluid impellers* not
elsewhere classifiable.
(1) Note. The working fluid*, which is acted on by or acts
upon the impeller, may be a liquid or gas.
This class also takes miscellaneous subcombinations of
impellers and accessory devices when the subcombination or
accessory is limited in use to the combination or not
elsewhere classifiable.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
GENERAL PLACEMENT OF PATENTS BASED ON A LINE APPLICABLE TO AN
ART GROUP
Impellers* combined with structure or art devices are found
in many classes wherein the impeller function is incidental
or ancillary to the function of the combination. In those
instances where an impeller relates to combinations in a
similar manner in more than one class, a single line has been
established to determine the placement of art.
No attempt has been made to review the classification of all
patents found in classes which may involve an impeller as an
element of the class subject matter. Thus, it is to be noted
that although the original classification of a patent may not
be consistent with a line set out below, currently issuing
patents will be classified on the basis of the stated lines
and the various patents currently classified inconsistent
therewith are to be transferred when noted.
Vehicle Propulsion - This class provides for the combination
of a vehicular device and an impeller* not otherwise
classified wherein the impeller is arranged to propel the
device and no more structure of the device is claimed than is
necessary to mount the impeller inclusive of any impeller
motor or drive means. Any additional recitation of vehicle
structure or any modification of the vehicular device will
require classification in the proper vehicle class.
(1) Note. The structure of the vehicle is considered to be
significantly claimed in any instance wherein the impeller,
its power plant, motor or drive mechanism is mounted or
located (1) in a specific relation with respect to the
vehicular device as a unit (e.g., perpendicular to
longitudinal axis) or (2) on or in a relationship to a
specific vehicle part (e.g., wing or keel).
(2) Note. Merely locating the impeller or drive means by
broad reference to the vehicular device is not sufficient to
exclude the patent from classification in this class (e.g.,
attached at side, front, rear, bow, stern, top, bottom,
right, left, within or without the vehicle or at the water
line). However, additional relationships will be sufficient
for classification in the proper vehicle class (e.g., one
impeller on each side or an impeller drive mounted within the
vehicle rearwardly of the center of gravity).
(3) Note. Terms such as deck, cabin, wing, fender, keel and
gunwale are considered to be specific vehicle parts, per se,
while fore, aft, bow, stern, hull or fuselage are not, of
themselves, so considered.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 495 for a motor operated by the buoyancy
of a fluid or by the vertical component of tides or waves.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for the combination with a
named impeller* which is recited as a nominal load, i.e., no
detail of the impeller or its relationship with the gearing
or transmission is recited.
244, Aeronautics, for the combination of impellers* and
aircraft structure where more aircraft details are recited
than is necessary to mount the impellers.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for the combination of a
sealing means between relatively moving parts, one of which
may be an impeller* shaft, where no specific details are
recited of the impeller or other fluid reaction surface
mounted on the shaft.
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses for (1) the
combination of an agitating impeller* and a confining means
(e.g., mixing chamber, etc.), (2) the combination of an
agitating impeller and means functionally related to
confining means for a fluid being agitated (e.g., structure
which scrapes chamber walls; support specialized for use in
or on a mixing chamber or closure therefore feed or discharge
means to point of agitation; etc.), or (3) am impeller per se
which is disclosed solely for agitating viscous or
particulate solids, such as dough or sand.
384, Bearings, for the combination of a broadly recited
impeller* and a bearing element supporting the impeller
shaft. The recitation of a "blade" impeller is considered to
be a detail sufficient to exclude a claim from Class 384 and
classify it in Class 416.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, for a fluid
reaction surface (impeller*) and a means for guiding a fluid
to, around or from the surface. The relationship between
Classes 415 and 416 is that of combination - subcombination
respectively. However, patents in Class 415, subclass 182.1
and 208.1 through 232, which claim a nominally recited casing
and particular runner structure have been cross referenced to
Class 416. For a complete search of runner or impeller
structure, other appropriate subclasses in Class 415 should
be considered. A patent including claimed means for
confining, guiding or directing the fluid to or from an
impeller* will be classified in Class 415. A waterfall has
been determined to be directed fluid and an impeller claimed
in combination therewith is classified in Class 415.
440, Marine Propulsion, appropriate subclasses for the
combination of an impeller* and significant ship structure
and see Vehicle Propulsion above for a detailed statement of
the line with vehicle classes in general.
(1) Note. As an exception to the line set out above, the
collection of portable propellers (e.g., outboard motor type)
in subclasses 53+ of Class 440 has not been cleared at this
time and such disclosures will continue to be there
classified.
GLOSSARY:
The following terms or words, used throughout the titles and
definitions, are set forth with the meaning each is to have
in this class. Throughout this bulletin an asterisk(*)
following the first occurrence of the word or term in any
title, definition or note that reference should be made to
this glossary for the specific meaning thereof.
ANGLE OF ATTACK
The acute angle between the chord* of a working member* and
the velocity vector of the working fluid* flow relative to
the member. See Figure I.
BLADE
A working member* which has a thickness dimension
substantially less than its width or length, the thickness
being generally uniform from edge to edge.
BLADE ANGLE
The acute angle between the chord* of any section of a
rotating working member* and its plane of rotation. As the
blade angle usually varies from the hub to the tip, the U.S.
custom is to designate blade angle numerically as that angle
occurring at 75% of the radial distance from the hub to the
tip. See Figures I and II.
CARRIER
A Load bearing structure (e.g., hub, etc.) which mounts one
or more working members* and which, at least in part,
partakes of the motion of the member.
CHORD
The straight line in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis
of a working member* joining the leading and trailing edges
of the member*. See Figure I.
CONTROLLABLE PITCH
Comprises means for adjusting blade angle* during impeller*
operation.
COLLECTIVE PITCH CHANGE
Wherein the blade angles of all working members* of a single
impeller are adjusted simultaneously.
CYCLIC PITCH CHANGE
Wherein the blade angle of each working member of an impeller
is varied for only a predetermined limited portion of each
working cycle, each working member being similarly adjusted
in sequence as it, in turn, reaches the predetermined portion
of the working cycle. though the impeller need comprise only
a single working member.
IMPELLER
A device comprising at least one working member* which
functions to react with a working fluid* such that action
movement of the member causes reaction movement of the fluid
or action movement of the fluid causes reaction movement of
the working member. In its simplest form, a single impeller
is considered to comprise a working member or members and any
parts rigidly connected therewith whereby the impeller is
supported for movement. In the case of an impeller having a
working member which has relative movement with respect to
another impeller part or another working member, the
definition of impeller is considered to include those
mechanical elements which permit or cause relative motion of
the working members and at least partly partake of the motion
of the working member and are closely associated therewith to
form a unitary device having a unitary impelling function.
In view of the many embodiments an impeller may have, it is
not possible to more definitely define the concept, but in
most cases it will be apparent which elements forms part of
the impeller and which elements, on the other hand, comprise
support* means for the impeller of means for transmitting
power to or from the impeller. In those subclasses in which
the precise limits of the impeller, per se, are apt to be
troublesome, an effort is made to define the impeller concept
in more detail insofar as it concerns the concept of the
particular subclass.
PITCH (GEOMETRICAL)
The distance an element of a rotating impeller* would advance
in one revolution if it were moving along a helix having an
angle equal to the impeller blade angle*.
SUPPORT
A structure which bears the weight of an impeller* to
maintain it in operative position. The support does not
partake of the working motion of the impeller (in this
respect the support is different from the carrier*) but may
be adjustable to various positions of use or have movement
concurrent with the impeller movement as that of a rotatable
or oscillating fan support.
WORKING FLUID
An unconfined or undirected fluid which acts or reacts with a
working member* such that movement of the fluid causes
relative movement of the member or movement of the member
causes relative movement of the fluid. The fluid may be
quiescent or flowing and either natural (e.g., wind) or
artificial (e.g., combustion gas). A patent including
claimed means for confining, guiding or directing the fluid
to or from an impeller* will be classified elsewhere. A
waterfall has been determined to be directed fluid and an
impeller claimed in combination therewith is classified
elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, above.
WORKING MEMBER
A unitary means of which at least one surface functions to
act or react with a working fluid* such that movement of the
means causes movement of the fluid or movement of the fluid
causes movement of the means. The working member is most
commonly designated as a blade, bucket or vane.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method
including a step relating to the operation or use of
impeller* structure.
(1) Note. This class does not provide for a claim relating
to apparatus for manufacture or process of manufacture of an
impeller. Where a product of manufacture (i.e., impeller)
claim and either or both an apparatus for manufacture claim
or process of manufacture claim are contained in the same
patent, the patent will be classified here in the appropriate
article subclass and cross-referenced to the appropriate
fabricating class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 23.51 and 889+ for apparatus and
processes, respectively, for making impellers methods for
making impellers.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein some portion of an impeller* or the means
connecting it to a support* comprises (1) a weakened zone or
connecting part whereby destruction or separation of the
apparatus due to external forces occurs in a predetermined
manner or (2) a fusible zone or connecting part whereby
excessive heat effects predetermined destruction or
separation of the apparatus.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an impeller* is caused to operate by direct
response of one or more working members* to an electrical or
magnetic effect (e.g., the working member functions like the
armature of an electric motor).
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a rotary working member* having a smooth
substantially uninterrupted circumferentially continuous skin
surface (e.g., cylinder) which contacts the working fluid*
such that reaction between the member and the fluid occurs
solely as a result of friction contact therebetween.
(1) Note. The friction contact between the working member
and the working fluid may be for the purpose of driving the
member or pumping the fluid or, in the case of a magnus rotor
exerting a lateral thrust on the apparatus by reason of the
unbalanced or asymmetrical distribution of fluid pressures
about the circumference of the working member (generally a
cylinder) resulting from a layer of fluid which is more or
less adherent to the surface of the member, moving at one
side of the rotary member in a direction contrary to that of
the flowing fluid and at the opposite side of the member in
the same direction as the fluid flow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 643 for an endless
belt or chain-like member adapted to lift a viscous fluid
from a body thereof as a result of the property of the fluid
to adhere to the member.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 10 and 21 for cylindrical rotor
sustaining means combined with aircraft.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclass 90 for
similar apparatus having medium fluid confining or directing
means.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an impeller* in combination with a light
producing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses and the notes to
the definitions of such subclasses, for the combination of an
illuminating means with a device other than an impeller.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the impeller* is driven by a working fluid
in an intermittent rhythmic flow, as ocean waves, or made up
of two or more different flowing mediums, as wind and stream
flow.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the carrier* of an impeller* comprises an
endless, elongated flexible member (e.g., chain or belt,
etc.), which supports one or more working members* through a
path of operation.
(1) Note. The working member, which generally comprises a
bucket or blade-like* member supported on the endless
carrier, may comprise an endless carrier having a surface
configuration which functions like a blade or bucket.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in
which at least one working member is movable during operation
to a different or inoperative position relative to support
connection with the endless flexible member without
intervention of a human operator.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an impeller* which is acted upon by a
flowing working fluid* to produce a mechanical output and
means for orienting the impeller, relative to the direction
of flow.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a mere nominal
recitation of a tail vane or rudder.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus
comprising means to cause or permit deflection of the
impeller from a normal operative position aligned with the
direction of working fluid flow to a position wherein the
impeller is oriented at an angle to the direction of flow.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus
wherein the impeller is mounted downstream of a vertical axis
about which it swings, whereby it tends normally to be
aligned with the direction of working fluid flow.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus
wherein the impeller is oriented at an angle to the direction
of working fluid flow in response to folding or feathering of
a vane or rudder which tends to maintain a position aligned
with the direction of flow.
(1) Note. The vane or rudder folding or feathering includes
shifting of a substantially flat vane or rudder surface from
a vertical toward a horizontal plane or varying the extent of
the effective flat surface.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus
wherein the impeller is pivotally mounted to swing in a
horizontal plane, the swinging movement being caused by
movement of a vane or rudder relative to the impeller, which
vane or rudder tends to maintain a position aligned with the
direction of working fluid flow and thus urges the impeller
to swing to an inoperative position.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus
comprising means for retarding or ceasing impeller motion.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus
wherein the impeller deflection is effected or controlled
directly or indirectly by a reactive surface distinct from
the impeller and normally arranged substantially transverse
to the direction of working fluid flow when the impeller is
headed transverse of the flow direction.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus
wherein the impeller and the vane or rudder are so connected
and arranged that they tend, by virtue of the weight of at
least one of these elements, to seek one or the other of
their extreme position of adjustment (i.e., operative or
inoperative).
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus
wherein the impeller motion is regular and recurrent (e.g.,
oscillatory, rotary, etc.) and one or more working members*
thereof assume a changed operative relationship to the
flowing medium at a predetermined point in the cycle of
operation, the point at which the cyclic working member
motion occurs being maintained at a constant fixed relation
to the direction of working fluid flow.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a rotating inertial reference means
which tends to remain in its own plane of rotation due to
gyroscopic stability and is so linked to an impeller* or
working member* which normally rotates in a parallel plane
that angular displacement of either rotation plane relative
to the other causes a corrective force or pitch change to
occur so as to return the impeller or member to rotation in a
plane parallel to that of the reference means.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an impeller consisting of a single
working member and provided with a mass arranged to
counter-balance the mass of the working member.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the impelling movement of a driven
impeller* is effected in one direction by the expulsion of a
working fluid from a working member* orifice in an opposite
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 200.1 for a jet reaction motors not
significantly combined with an impeller.
244, Aeronautics, 73 for aircraft propelled by a jet motor.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus
wherein the working member includes a combustion chamber
mounted thereon or formed integral therewith.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Apparatus
comprising a rotary impeller having one or more working
members projecting radially from the rotation axis and
wherein a unitary structure open at its ends is mounted at
the outer tip of a working member, one opening admitting air
and the other expelling working fluid.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a working member* comprises a fluid
reaction surface having a part or a member mounted thereon
for varying the flow of fluid to or from the working member
and including positive means to move the flow varying member
relative to the fluid reactive surface while the working
member is being operated in its intended manner.
(1) Note. A working member comprised of relatively movable
parts movable merely for the purpose of increasing or
decreasing the effective operative diameter or the apparatus
is not included in this definition and is classified in
subclass 88 below.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus
wherein the working member impelling motion is regular and
recurrent (e.g., oscillatory, rotary, etc.) and the working
member or flowvarying member assumes a changed operative
relationship to the working fluid at a predetermined point in
the cycle of operation.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein control means for operation or adjustment
of an impeller* means and control means for operation or
adjustment of means for driving or being driven by the
impeller are so correlated that actuation of one control
means causes actuation of the other or said control means
comprise, at least in part, structure common to both
operations or adjustments.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus
wherein the impeller operation or adjustment control means
comprises means for varying the blade angle* of an impeller
and the control means for the impeller driving or driven
means comprises brake or clutch means therefor.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus
wherein the impeller operation or adjustment control means
comprises means for varying the blade angle* of an impeller
and the control means for the impeller driving or driven
means comprises means for varying the flow or fuel or motive
fluid to an impeller drive engine or motor, at least one of
the controls being actuated by means which senses a
condition.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus
wherein the condition responsive control means is actuated by
a means which senses a temperature state or variation.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus
wherein the condition responsive control means is actuated by
a means which senses a state or variation of the intake air
flow to a drive engine for the impeller.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus
wherein the control means and the condition sensing means, or
both, comprise, at least in part, electrical apparatus.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a means for controlling an apparatus
part without the intervention of a human attendant in
response to a condition that may or may not occur, a change
in such condition, a lack of such condition or the result of
such condition, the operation of said control means being
caused or permitted by (1) a separate means which senses the
condition (2) outward radial movement of the control means or
an actuating mechanism where said means or mechanism is
mounted for rotation and the radial movement due to
centrifugal force occurs at a predetermined rate of rotation,
or (3) direct or transmitted response of the control means to
a turning, twisting or linear force on the apparatus or part
thereof.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein the controlled means comprises a brake or clutch in a
transmission train driving or driven by the impeller.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
comprising control means for two or more impellers* wherein
(1) the adjustment of one or more impellers is in response to
a condition of another impeller or (2) two or more impellers
are adjusted in response to a common condition sensing
means.
(1) Note. An impeller which is provided merely as an
element is the control system for another is not considered
to be a "distinct" impeller under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for a device comprising automatic control in response to
plural condition sensing and in which one of the conditions
is atmospheric pressure (density or altitude).
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus
wherein at least two operatively related impellers are caused
to function in a substantially identical manner to maintain a
balanced condition.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the synchronization of
impellers in which the adjustment of one or more impellers is
in response to a condition of another impeller (known as the
master) or wherein plural impellers are so adjusted in
response to a master control unit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 700 for synchronizing of plural motors and
see (2) Note in this class (416), subclass 120.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 41 and 85 for
synchronizing electric motors, and see (2) Note in subclass
120 of this class (416).
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 243 and a
synchronization of rotary shafts, and see (2) Note in
subclass 120 of this class (416).
370, Multiplex Communications, 304 for multiplex systems
which include rotary distributors with means for
synchronizing them.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 354 for synchronizing
the operation of a receiving and transmitting mechanisms.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
comprising means to manually select and fix a desired
operating condition or characteristic or other state from
which there should be no variation and an electrical system
including (1) means to receive signals based on the desired
and the actual condition, characteristic or state,
respectively and to relate the signals to one another and (2)
means to control the apparatus to reduce the variation
between the actual and the desired state.
(1) Note. Included under this definition of "electrical"
are the well known electron devices, such as vacuum tubes,
transistors, semi-conductors, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for an apparatus comprising a drive motor and an impeller
driven, thereby, interrelated controls for adjusting impeller
pitch and drive motor throttle and an electrical system for
sensing a condition or for actuating the controls.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein operation of the control means for the apparatus part
is caused or permitted in response to means which sense two
different conditions.
(1) Note. Examples of different conditions for this
subclass are temperature, shaft speed, vehicle speed, etc.
(2) Note. The sensing means need be nothing more than a
single element capable of responding to plural diverse
conditions.
(3) Note. One control means may modify or control another
control means.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus in
which one condition sensed is a characteristic of the
surrounding atmosphere.
(1) Note. Relative air speed is considered to be wind
force; altitude is considered to be characteristic of
atmospheric density. Both of these conditions are included
under this definition.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus
comprising a motor driving the impeller and in which one
condition sensed is an operating characteristic of the motor,
but not including rotational speed or torque developed by the
motor shaft.
(1) Note. A typical condition sensed for this subclass is
manifold pressure, exhaust temperature or rate of consumption
of fuel or working fluid for the motor.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein the control means is actuated in response to means
which senses (1) a temperature state or variation or (2) an
accumulation of ice which adversely affects operation of the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for an apparatus having automatic control in response to
a plurality of conditions and in which one condition is
temperature of a drive engine part or of the ambient
atmosphere.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein the control means is operated in response to a means
which senses the speed of the working fluid* relative to the
apparatus.
(1) Note. The relative working fluid speed may be the
measure of an impeller support (e.g., vehicle) movement
through the medium, as commonly determined by a Pitot tube,
or may be any other measurement of the relative working fluid
flow either upstream or downstream of the impeller
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for a device comprising automatic control in response to
plural condition sensing and in which one of the conditions
is relative working fluid flow velocity, (relative air speed
of the vehicle, or wind force).
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Apparatus
wherein the working fluid comprises natural fluid current.
(1) Note. By "natural fluid current" is meant the flow of
fluid due to atmospheric conditions or to normal water
currents. The flow of generated fluid (e.g., fan or blower
forced), or of fluid past a moving body is not considered to
be "natural fluid current" under this definition and devices
having control means responsive to such flow will be found in
the preceding subclass.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein the control means is caused to operate in response to
a means which senses (1) a condition of fluid pressure
variation within the apparatus or the ambient or (2) the
elevation of the apparatus relative to sea-level or
ground-level.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein the control means is caused to operate in response to
a force acting on the apparatus or a part thereof which is
sensed as the resistance to a rate or directional movement
variation of the apparatus or part.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
comprising a rotating impeller* and control means which is
caused to operate in response to a condition proportional to
the rotational speed of the impeller.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus
wherein the means which initiates the control operation
comprises a valve member which is mounted so as to rotate
about an axis and assume various positions directly in
accordance with the rate of rotation, the control being
initiated when the valve member reaches a predetermined
position.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus
wherein the apparatus includes means for retaining the
impeller or working member in a selected position of
adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for a mere centrifugally actuated stop means for
preventing droop beyond a predetermined point of a
resiliently mounted, articulated or self-shifting impeller,
in the absence of automatic control means under the
definition of this subclass 44.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus
wherein the control means which acts on the apparatus part
comprises a motor solely for that purpose actuable by the
means responsive to the impeller rotation speed.
(1) Note. A motor for this subclass does not include a mere
spring or weight device but must comprise an energy
conversion means such as a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric
motor.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus
wherein the motor is carried by and rotates with the
impeller*.
(1) Note. The motor may be carried by the working member*,
the carrier* for the working member, the impeller shaft or
any other part so closely associated with the impeller as to
partake of the working member movement.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus
including means actuated by a human attendant to (1) return
the control system to a datum point or (2) override or
prevent operation of the control system.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus
wherein the means which initiates the control operation
comprises a mass mounted so as to rotate about an axis and
assume various radial positions in accordance with the rate
of rotation, the control being initiated when the mass
reaches a predetermined position.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus
comprising a weight which rotates at a speed proportional to
that of the impeller and moves towards and away from its axis
of rotation in a straight line or is directed along a
predetermined path by some means other than a pivoted
mounting.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus
wherein the control means which acts on the apparatus part
comprises a mass which is caused to rotate in a varying
radius dependent upon the speed of rotation about an axis
coincident with the rotation axis of the shaft which supports
and drives or is driven by the impeller.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus
wherein the rotating mass is pivoted on an axis parallel to
that of the axis of rotation of the impeller.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an impeller* is mounted on or proximate an
"art device" and is powered by the relative motion of the
device or parts thereof, the device being of special
construction or adaptation to perform a particular function
other than that directly related to the support or operation
of the class subject matter.
(1) Note. Patents in which more of the "art device" is
claimed than is necessary to operate the impeller do not come
within this definition, being properly classifiable with the
art device, except in those cases in which there is no other
suitable classification and the claim would be classifiable
is subclass 146 as a "combined" apparatus in the absence of
this or other pertinent superior subclass.
(2) Note. A particular object may or may not be an "art
device" for this subclass dependent upon the impeller
relationship therewith. For example, a vehicle may be an
"art device" under the subclass definition when an attached
impeller is arranged merely to cool the occupant but would
not be so considered when arranged to propel the vehicle or
to perform an essential function on some part thereof, as to
cool the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for the combination of an impeller with an "art device"
not involving operation of the impeller by the device and see
(1) Note above for a general statement of the line with other
classes.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus
wherein the "art device" comprises a vehicle or like device.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus
wherein the device comprises a contrivance which rocks upon a
supporting runner, as a cradle or rocking chair.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
297, Chairs and Seats, subclass 180.16 for a seat with means
heating or refrigerating the seat or its occupant, said means
being more than the mere attachment of a fan to an ordinary
chair.
Subclass:
-2
}57.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
wherein rocking of the device effects motion of an inertial
mass which in turn transmits a drive motion to the impeller.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
wherein rocking of the device effects an uninterrupted,
unidirectional, rotary movement of the impeller.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus
wherein the device comprises a contrivance which swings about
a supporting pivot, as a door or hammock.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a swinging
member which is merely a part of an "art device", such as a
sewing machine treadle.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus
wherein the impeller is adapted to be directly attached to,
or may be formed as an integral part of, a rotary device such
that rotation of the device effects impeller operation.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means to perform quantity or condition
measurements or observations so as to determine operating or
structural characteristics of the apparatus or extent of
motion or movement of some part thereof, including means of a
visual or audible nature, (other than fixed exhibitors, e.g.,
signs) which give information about or permit viewing of
(e.g., inspection window) a condition of the apparatus.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a working member* fluid reaction surface
has supplementary means detachably mounted thereon, the
working member being intended for operation with or without
the supplementary means as a matter of choice.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising (1) wheels, skids or other special means
to facilitate movement of the apparatus, (2) means which
specifically adapts the apparatus to be supported on some
part of a human body or an animal or (3) hand or body
engaging means to facilitate carrying of the apparatus.
(1) Note. The movement facilitating means for this
definition must be for the purpose of facilitating movement
other than that which is essential for the device to operate
as an impeller and does not include vehicular structure when
the impeller* comprises or is ancillary to the motive means
thereof, classification in such instance being in the proper
vehicle class.
(2) Note. This definition is not intended to include a
handle disclosed solely to facilitate support of the
apparatus during operation. The carrying function should be
specifically disclosed for classification here as an
original.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a working member* moves in a straight line
path as a proximate result of, or to directly effect,
reaction between the member and the working fluid*.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is a working
member which undergoes other movements (e.g., rotary)
concurrently with the straight line reaction motion.
(2) Note. The straight-line movement for this definition
must be that which is the immediate cause or effect of the
fluid reaction and does not include mere adjustment (e.g.,
feathering) or support movement (e.g., vehicular).
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus
wherein (1) the working member rotates about an axis
simultaneously with the straight-line movement thereof, each
movement being a proximate result of, or directly effecting,
reaction between the member and the working fluid or (2) the
apparatus includes a rotary working member distinct from and
operative in conjunction with that member which moves in a
straight line path.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is rotary movement
(other than for mere adjustment or of support) extending
through less than 360 deg. (e.g., oscillatory).
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus
wherein (1) the working member comprises pliable or elastic
material so that it flexes during operation of the apparatus
or (2) the working member or some portion thereof moves
relative to the member support or other member portion during
operation of the apparatus.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Apparatus
wherein the movement of the working member or parts thereof
are such to permit flow of working fluid through a defined
aperture under predetermined operating conditions and to
close off such through flow during other operating
conditions.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Apparatus
wherein the working member comprises a plurality of surfaces
which pivotally move to or from one another in a related
manner to form a unitary device wherein the various surfaces
have a similar working fluid reactive function.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an impeller* which is hand powered and
at least partially hand supported by the operator thereof.
(1) Note. For this definition, hand powered or hand
supported includes an arm or fingers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for similar devices wherein the working member reaction
motion is along a straight line path.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus
wherein the impeller is disclosed as being of the type held
in and moved directly by motion of a user's hand to cause
motion of a fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for apparatus comprising a means which specifically
adapts the apparatus to be supported on some part of a human
body or an animal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 322 and 324+ for tools of the fork or spoon
type designed for the purpose of handling food.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Apparatus
wherein the device (1) is so constructed as to resemble some
object or being, (2) has writing or similar distinctive
marking thereon, (3) has decorative embellishments associated
therewith or (4) is combined with features other than
impeller structure, supporting or attaching means therefor or
impeller driving or driven means.
(1) Note. For a more complete definition of a "combined"
feature see notes under subclass 146.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Apparatus in
which major portions of the impeller are movable with respect
to each other while remaining connected.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a mere
indiscriminately flexible member.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus
comprising a working member foldable into a more compact form
by angular movement of different portions thereof about a
common pivot normal to the member work surface.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus
wherein the impeller is (1) caused to follow a predetermined
path or operation by relatively fixed guide means or (2)
supported for movement about a pivot in the manner of an
oar.
(1) Note. A claim to mere subcombination structure
disclosed for use in supporting or connecting an oar in
operative relation to a boat and not involving oar
construction, blade features or feathering means is
classified in subclasses 101+ of Class 440, Marine
Propulsion.
(2) Note. Classification of a claim to an oar is in Class
440, Marine Propulsion, regardless of impeller detail
claimed, if specific boat structure or relationship is
claimed and see the Class Definition of this Class 416 and
notes thereunder for a general statement of the line.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus
wherein motion to the impeller is effected by imparting a
reciprocatory motion to either component of a pin-slot
connection.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus
wherein motion is transmitted to the impeller by means of a
manually operated crank handle.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus
wherein at least two working members are so supported that
during operation of the apparatus the moving members describe
intersecting or overlapping paths.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a working member* or a rigid extension
thereof is pivotally connected to a crank portion of a rotary
shaft or a mechanical equivalent thereof and so guided or
supported that the member has a motion resembling that of a
conventional hand manipulated canoe paddle, sculling oar,
rowing oar or stirring member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, 26 for a marine vessel having crank
paddle propulsion means and see Class 416, Class Definition,
for a general statement of the line.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a working member* moves back and forth
about an axis, or in an orbit, with an arc of movement of not
more than 360 deg., the movement occurring as a proximate
result of, or to directly effect, reaction between the member
and the working fluid*.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is a working
member which undergoes other movements (e.g., rotary)
concurrently with the oscillatory reaction motion, the
resultant working member motion generally being undulatory or
wave-like.
(2) Note. The oscillatory movement for this definition must
be that which is the immediate cause or effect of the fluid
reaction and does not include mere adjustment (e.g.,
feathering) or support motion.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus
comprising a weight arranged relative to the working member
and acting as (1) a swinging member to regulate the motion of
the working member or the drive motor (e.g., clock), (2) a
mass to counterbalance the mass of the working member or (3)
an inertia mass or flywheel to smooth out the oscillatory
motion of the working member and permit it to continue its
motion even after removal of the drive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for an impeller consisting of a single working member and
a weight positioned to counterbalance the mass of the working
member.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus
wherein the working member comprises pliant material.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus
wherein the working member comprises a plurality of sections
which move relative to one another.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus
wherein the oscillatory working member concurrently undergoes
some other diverse motion during the member operation.
(1) Note. The additional motion may be somewhat distinct
from the oscillatory motion such as cyclic feathering, or may
be integral therewith such as continuous rotation
concurrently with oscillation to produce a resultant
wave-like motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a working member which oscillates in an elliptical
path.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a working member* (1) is itself so
constructed as to float in or on a working fluid or (2) has
collapsible walls expandable to an operative shape by filling
with a fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 495 for motors having a buoyant working
member motivated by the vertical rise and fall of the surface
of a body of fluid.
440, Marine Propulsion, 98 for a marine vessel having a
buoyant propeller.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an impeller* is supported in a working
fluid by buoyant means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 495 for motors having a buoyant working
member motivated by the vertical rise and fall of the surface
of a body of fluid.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Apparatus
wherein the buoyant support means comprises a hub or
peripheral annulus to which the impeller working members are
directly attached.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, 98 for a marine vessel having a
buoyant propelling device.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a rotating working member* and wherein
the working member dimension normal to the rotation axis may
be lengthened or shortened to change the effective operative
diameter of the apparatus.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include mere cyclic radial
movement of a working member wherein the overall diameter of
the impeller remains unchanged.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Apparatus
wherein (1) the working member surface area or configuration
is alterable, as by collapsing or by telescoping parts, or
(2) the working member is attached to a carrier or support
solely by means which cannot sustain the member in a fixed
position.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Apparatus
wherein the blade angle* of the working member may be
selectively varied.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a working member* including conduit
means for conducting a flow of fluid therethrough and wherein
either the inlet or outlet to the flow conducting means is on
the working member for the intake or discharge of fluid
directly to or from the working fluid*.
(1) Note. Impellers having means for modifying the
aerodynamic action of the blades thereof by giving motion to
the layer of fluid in contact with the blades by an intake or
discharge of fluid adjacent the layer (i.e., boundary layer
excitation) are here classified.
(2) Note. A mere apertured, looped or foraminous working
member wherein the medium fluid flows substantially
uninterruptedly through the member is not included under this
definition, being properly classifiable in subclasses 227+ or
231 below.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Apparatus
wherein both the inlet and outlet to the passage are open to
the working fluid, the flow within the passage comprised, at
least in part, of working fluid.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Apparatus
wherein the working member is supported for rotation on a
shaft and the entire fluid flow out of the member conduit is
at the periphery in a direction substantially perpendicular
to the axis of rotation.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein either a portion of the working fluid*
encompassing the impeller* or the exhaust gas from an
impeller* drive engine is caused to flow through (1) the
impeller hub, (2) drag or head resistance reducing means such
as a smooth outline member or covering supported on the
impeller carrier* or (3) an enclosing cover for an apparatus
part, such as a drive motor or transmission.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Apparatus
wherein the working fluid or exhaust gas is caused to flow
through an aircraft spinner or cowling.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having means associated therewith (1) to heat or
cool the apparatus or working fluid* or to minimize the
transfer of heat thereto or therefrom by shielding or
structural arrangement.
(1) Note. Insofar as many arrangements, structures and
materials inherently function to heat, cool or insulate, the
patent must disclose heating, cooling or insulation as a
function of the claimed subject matter for classification in
this subclass.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Apparatus
comprising a working member* or carrier* having (1) a chamber
therein containing a material which is capable of changing
its physical state from or to a solid, liquid, or gas,
thereby transferring heat between itself and the working
member or carrier or (2) passage means therein through which
a heat exchange fluid is caused to flow.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus
wherein the heat exchange fluid (1) comprises working fluid*
directed into the flow passage or (2) is exhausted into the
working fluid.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a working member* which rotates about a
"fixed" axis and undergoes at least one different and
distinct movement concurrently with the rotary motion.
(1) Note. The different movements for purposes of this
subclass may be any combination of differing types, as rotary
and oscillating, the same type movement about different axes,
as plural rotary.
(2) Note. One of the movements may be of the unitary device
such as a rotary fan supported* for oscillation, however,
movement of an art device with which an impeller* may be
combined does not comprise one of the motions for this
subclass where such motion is incidental to, or the resultant
of, impeller operation such as the motion of an impeller
powered vehicle.
(3) Note. An axis is considered "fixed" even though it may
be movable for purpose of adjustment or support on a movable
art device such as a vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for an impeller guided along a trackway or cable.
131 for an articulated working member or shiftable impeller
movable during operation in response to dynamic forces
exerted thereon.
147 for manual or noncyclic means for adjusting an impeller
or working member.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
comprising a working member supported* for rotation about a
shaft carried by another rotating working member.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
comprising an impeller supported for rotation about an axis
and wherein the support structure comprising the rotation
axis is caused to partake of a continuous angular oscillating
movement across the rotation axis concurrently with the
impeller rotatory motion.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
wherein the rotary working member is supported or guided to
move radially inward or outward with respect to the fixed
rotation axis to assume a particular operative position at a
predetermined point in each rotation cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for a radially extensible or retractible working member
wherein the effective operative diameter of the apparatus is
changed.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
wherein the rotary member is supported for movement relative
to the fixes rotation axis to assume a particular operative
position at a predetermined point in each rotation cycle in
response to tilting or inclining of the carrier*, as a unit,
relative to the fixed rotation axis of the apparatus.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
comprising an impeller* of the type having one or more bladed
working members which project radially outward from a
rotation axis, such as a helicopter rotor, the inner radial
end of each working member being pivotally attached to a
carrier* for movement about an axis parallel to the rotation
axis such that the member oscillates forwardly (in the
direction of rotation) during a portion of the rotation cycle
(lead) and oscillated rearwardly (opposite the direction of
rotation) during another portion of the rotation cycle
(lag).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for "free blade" mountings not involving means for
causing cyclic blade movement.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus
wherein the lead-lag movement of the blade effects or is
effected by additional movement, e.g., change of pitch, of
the same or another blade.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus
comprising mechanism for moving the blade about the lead-lag
axis.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus
provided with means to limit the extent or reduce the
frequency of blade movement about the lead-lag axis.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Apparatus
wherein the movement restraining means is of the resilient
biasing or limit stop type.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
wherein the concurrent movement is effected by an actuating
means which is caused to follow an orbital path of varying
radius about the rotation axis of the working member.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus
wherein the eccentric actuating means comprises a guide
surface or track which is fixedly eccentrically supported
relative to the rotatable working member.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
wherein the working member simultaneously and uninterruptedly
rotates about two or more different axes.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus
wherein the different axes are parallel to one another.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
wherein the concurrent movement is effected in response to
engagement of the rotating working member, or means connected
thereto, with a stationary guide means or a static
obstruction in the path of movement.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Apparatus
wherein the movement effecting means includes a surface
axially inclined with respect to the impeller rotation axis
(e.g., a helical cam).
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus
wherein the axially inclined surface is movable at will by a
human attendant to various positions to change the concurrent
movement of the working member.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus in
which the concurrent movements of a plurality of impellers
are varied at will.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Apparatus
wherein the movement effecting means comprises a cam track or
guide surface fixedly supported relative to the impeller
rotation axis.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus
wherein the working member concurrent movement occurs in
response to the force of gravity or the working fluid acting
on the working member or apparatus part directly connected
thereto.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus
including means actuated by a human attendant to modify or
affect the operation of the apparatus.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus
wherein the rotational movement and the concurrent movement
are each about axes parallel to one another.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising two impellers* which are independently
supported* or which move relative to one another during use.
(1) Note. Movement of one impeller relative to another
comprises (1) different impelling movement (e.g., rotation in
the opposite direction, in the same direction at variable
speeds, or positive drive of one and free rotation of
another), (2) relative pitch* adjustment, or (3) moving one
impeller closer to or away from another impeller by means
other than mere adjustment of securing means for the
impeller.
(2) Note. Synchronizing means for a plurality of motors
driving individual impellers is in Class 318, Electricity:
Motive Power Systems, subclasses 41+ where the motors have
synchronizing interconnections, and subclass 85 where the
motors have a synchronizing or phasing control; a
synchronizer for plurality of shafts is in 361, Electricity:
Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 243+ and a
synchronizer for a plurality of nonelectrical motors is in
Class 60, Power Plants, subclasses 700+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for apparatus having plural distinct impellers with an
interrelated control actuated by (1) means sensing a
noncyclic condition, (2) centrifugal force, or (3) torque or
thrust.
198 for plural impellers which are axially spaced on the
same support* and which are not relatively movable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 700 for synchronizing of plural motors,
and see (2) Note above.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 640 for gearing with
impellers recited by name only, and subclasses 665+ for gear
mechanisms for driving a plurality of impellers from a single
driving means, and see (2) Note above.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 17.23 for plural gyroplane rotors
combined with significant vehicle structure; subclass 55 for
the arrangement of two or more power plants on an aircraft
where more structure than that is necessary to mount the
power plants is claimed; and subclass 65, for two or more
impellers mounted on an aircraft where more structure than
that necessary to mount the impellers is claimed.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 41 and 85, and see
(2) Note above.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 243 for
electrical synchronizers for rotary shafts and see (2) Note
above.
440, Marine Propulsion, 79 for ships having multiple screw
propellers.
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,
appropriate subclasses, for planetary gearing to drive plural
load devices.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus
wherein the support for at least one of the impellers is
movable as a whole to a different operative position relative
to (1) at least one other impeller or (2) a common support
for the plural impellers (e.g., vehicle body).
(1) Note. The movement does not include that relative
movement of a support which is inseparable from normal
impeller operation (e.g., reciprocating or eccentric shaft),
nor is a mere mounting adjustment or tiltable carrier*
included.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus
wherein the impellers are so supported that during operation
the moving members describe intersecting or alternately
overlapping paths.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for working members having similar paths of operation and
wherein the impeller is operator supported and manually
actuated.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus in
which the impellers have a common support and rotate about
axes which are angular on skew to one another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, 17.11, and particularly subclass 17.21 for
plural impellers having divergent axes and combined with
significant aircraft structure.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus
wherein the plural impellers are supported for rotation about
a common axis.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Apparatus
wherein the impellers are each driven by a separate power
sources.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Apparatus
wherein the coaxial impellers rotate one inward of the other
on the same radial plane.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Apparatus in
which the coaxial impellers are arranged to be adjusted
simultaneously by positive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for oppositely rotating "free blade" impellers in which
an adjustment caused by aerodynamic forces may or may not be
simultaneous.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Apparatus in
which the direction of rotation of one of the impellers is
contrary to the direction of rotation of another impeller
supported coaxially therewith.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found two oppositely
rotating coaxial impellers adjustable only by the dynamic
blade forces thereon, e.g., "free blade" type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for oppositely rotating coaxial impellers which are
operator supported and manually actuated.
127 for oppositely rotating impellers concurrently adjusted
by positive means.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Apparatus
comprising a source of mechanical power rotating the plural
impellers.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus
wherein one impeller is adjusted unequally or separately with
respect to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for plural impellers having coaxial axes of rotation and
comprising means for adjusting the impellers concurrently,
but which may be a differential adjustment.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an impeller* or working member*, or a
part thereof mounted (1) on a support by means of a joint or
a yielding or elastic connection or (2) as to be capable of
self movement due to the effect of dynamic forces thereon
(e.g., rotary motion or working fluid*).
(1) Note. Mere working member composition of flexible
material is not included; however, a flexible joint or
connection permitting articulation or "controlled", shifting
of a working member or part is included.
(2) Note. This definition does not include mere direct
movement between an operative and inoperative position of an
impeller or working member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for a working member which moves radially outward
relative to its rotation axis in response to dynamic forces
exerted directly thereon.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein the working member comprises (1) a plurality of
relatively movable surfaces (2) a plurality of separate or
divergent surfaces which react with the working fluid
sequentially or (3) a surface which is nonself-supporting,
such as a sail.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus in
which a working member carrier* supported on a rotary drive
shaft is axially movable relative to said shaft in response
to dynamic forces exerted on the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for a shaft supported carrier axially displaceable by
manual or power actuating means.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member is connected to the
support means by a nonmetallic elastic element.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member movement is resisted
by a resilient element which tends to restore the impeller or
member to an original or predetermined position.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus
comprising a working member supported for rotation and
movable only about a radial axis in response to dynamic
forces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for an impeller comprising a rotary working member
pivotable about its radial axis concurrently with a radial
inward or outward movement of the member whereby the
effective operative diameter of the impeller is increased or
decreased.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Apparatus
wherein the resilient element comprises a spiral spring
coaxial with the impeller shaft.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus
wherein the device includes mechanism whereby an operator may
regulate the operation thereof.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member movement is either
aided or resisted by a weight other than the impeller or
working member itself.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein means is provided to limit the extent or reduce the
frequency of the impeller or working member movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for a rotor of the lead-lag type provided with movement
restraining means.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member is supported for
movement about plural pivots or for universal movement about
one pivot.
(1) Note. Impellers having a ball and socket mounting
enabling the impeller to pivot about any axis of the mounting
are included in this subclass.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an impeller* is adapted to assume a more
compact form by folding, pivoting, collapsing or similar
movement of a working member* so as to render the member
inoperative or to facilitate storage.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a mere
adjustable (e.g., feathering) working member wherein the
inoperative position is no more than the terminal position of
a plurality or range of operative positions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for an impeller selectively moveable to or from an
operative position relative to a float support.
87 for a rotating impeller which is adapted to assume a more
compact form by shortening the effective operative diameter
of the apparatus.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Apparatus
comprising a rotary impeller wherein the folding, pivoting,
collapsing or similar movement occurs in the plane of
rotation.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a working member* and arranged, or
formed, having means to prevent or preclude imbalance thereof
due to uneven mass distribution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for a working member mounted for oscillatory motion and
provided with a weight mass which acts as a pendulum, a
counterbalance or an inertial mass.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Apparatus in
which the means comprises a mass of matter in any state and
mounted so as to (1) move and assume various positions
dependent on the rotation of the impeller, without the
intervention of a human attendant or (2) be moved at will by
a human attendant to various positions.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus (1) claimed in combination with features other than
impeller structure, supporting or attaching means therefor or
impeller driving or driven means and not provided for in
preceding subclasses or (2) having means or parts capable of
structural rearrangement or modification to selectively
provide either an impeller organization having some other
mode of operation or a device of some other description.
(1) Note. Included in this definition as impeller driving
or driven means includes transmission clutch or brake means
insofar as such apparatus is part of the driving or driven
means.
(2) Note. Examples of a combined feature are: a
programmer, a timer, or check controlled apparatus to control
operation, or a cleaner for the working member. An example
of a convertible feature is an oar which is relocated or
rearranged to act as a sail or a mast.
(3) Note. Excluded as combined features under this
definition are the necessary appurtenances for any relatively
moving surfaces (e.g., lubricating, sealing, bearing or
packing elements, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for the combination of an impeller with an "art device"
wherein the device causes operation of the impeller.
62 for a device comprising an attachment attachable and
detachable to the working surface, but which does not result
in a "convertible" feature, i.e., does not result in a
different mode of operation or in a device of some other
description.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising mechanism for moving an impeller* or
working member* relative to a carrier* or support* means
therefor in response to motor or manual actuation, such
movement being other than that occurring as a proximate
result of, or to directly effect, reaction between the
impeller or working member and the medium fluid.
(1) Note. The term "impeller" comprises a working member
and any parts rigidly connected therewith, such as a hub or
drive shaft. For a more comprehensive definition, see the
Glossary, Main Class Definition.
(2) Note. Excluded under this definition is a mere limit
stop or lock adjustment which may only indirectly result in
impeller adjustment.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Apparatus
wherein the impeller carrier is caused to pivot a unit
relative to a supporting shaft.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Apparatus
wherein the impeller together with the carrier* and support
means therefor is shiftable as a unit relative to a
supporting surface or device.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus in
which the shiftable carrier support moves along a straight
line.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member movement is effected
by power from a shaft which directly drives or is driven by
the impeller.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member movement is effected
in response to operation of an element which either removes
or applies a force resisting movement of an apparatus part.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is an impeller
provided with a differential means between the adjusting
means and the drive shaft and provided with brake means to
cause relative rotation of the differential means.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Apparatus
wherein the apparatus includes means for retaining the
impeller or working member in a selected position of
adjustment.
(1) Note. The retaining means must be more than or in
addition to a mere static condition of the positioning
mechanism. For example, a pivoted hand lever is excluded, but
a detent thereon is included under this definition.
(2) Note. Excluded under this definition is a limit stop
which shuts off the motor when a predetermined position of
impeller adjustment is reached.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for means to retain the impeller or working member in a
selected position of adjustment combined with control means
responsive to impeller speed.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus in
which the mechanism for moving the impeller or working member
comprises a fluid motor.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member movement is effected
by a motor mounted on and rotatable with the impeller*.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus
wherein the motor is driven by fluid.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Apparatus
wherein the fluid motor is coaxial with the axis of the
impeller shaft and is rigidly connected therewith.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Apparatus
wherein the fluid motor is mounted on or within the working
member.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Apparatus
wherein the impeller or working member movement is effected
by a power or manual actuator mounted on a part which is
fixed in position relative to the impeller or working
member.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
comprising planetary gearing between an impeller adjusting
element movable with the impeller and a part which is fixed
in position relative to the impeller, which part controls the
movement.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
wherein the power or manual actuator effects an axial
movement of the impeller as a unit relative to a supporting
shaft which directly drives or is driven by the impeller.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
wherein the mechanism for moving the impeller or working
member is actuated by a motor.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
wherein the moving mechanism comprises a rod extending
through the entire length of a shaft which directly drives or
is driven by the impeller.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
comprising a sleeve, collar or rod on or in a shaft which
directly drives or is driven by the impeller and is
reciprocated relative thereto to effect the movement.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
wherein the sleeve, collar or rod is reciprocated by a screw
which is coaxial with the shaft.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
wherein the adjusting movement is effected, at least in part,
by a rack-pinion connection intermediate the reciprocating
member and the working member.
(1) Note. The reciprocating member may comprise either
component of the rack-pinion connection.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
comprising a pin-slot, cam-slot or cam connecting means
between the reciprocating member and the movable working
member.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
comprising link connecting means between the reciprocating
means and the movable working member.
(1) Note. A mere crank arm extending between the working
member and the reciprocating member, being rigidly attached
at one end and pivotally connected at the opposite end, is
not included by this definition, classification being in
subclass 164 above.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means which selectively (1) engages the
impeller* with a driving or driven mechanism or (2) retards
or stops rotary motion of the impeller*.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the claimed subject matter includes, by
more than name only, (1) prime mover means for driving the
impeller* or (2) driving or driven mechanism to or from the
impeller*.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is an articulated
driving shaft, details of an engine or motor, etc., a member
clearly recited as a crank or pedal to be actuated by an
operator's hand or foot. The recited details of the motor or
engine must be such as to identify the prime mover; mere
naming of the prime mover as an internal combustion engine,
turbine, electric motor, etc., is not sufficient to cause
classification herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for motion caused by direct response of the working member
or impeller to an electrical or magnetic field or effect.
120 especially subclass 128 for specific transmission means
between an engine and a plurality of separately supported or
relatively moving impellers.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
wherein the prime mover means for driving the impeller
comprises a device which converts fluid energy to mechanical
energy.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is an impeller
which is driven by turbine blading directly connected to a
working member of the impeller.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
wherein an impeller rotates in a reverse angular at regular
intervals, the rotation in each direction extending through
at least one complete revolution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for operator supported manually actuated impellers having
a similar operative motion.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
wherein the impeller is operated by a motion transmitting
means which is actuated by movement of an operator's hand or
foot.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is a means
actuated by an animal's extremity.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a relatively fixed apparatus part
against or in which an impeller* or its supporting shaft is
intended to continuously move and (1) means to conduct to or
retain between said fixed and continuously moving parts a
friction reducing material (2) means to reduce or prevent
undesired fluid flow into or out of the space between said
fixed and continuously moving parts or (3) anti-friction
fluid or solid means between said fixed and continuously
moving parts to support said parts for relative movement.
(1) Note. Excluded under this definition is a mere nominal
recitation of the various means; a specific recitation of a
particular* means as defined above is necessary for
classification in this subclass.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising at least two impellers* or working
members* which differ significantly in structure other than
by size or orientation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for a plurality of impellers mounted for relative motion
or on independent supports, which impellers may differ
significantly in structure (i.e., not mere size or
orientation relative to a fixed point).
203 for working members which are unsymmetrical relative to
a plane, i.e., they differ from each other in orientation or
size.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the impeller* comprises a blade* projecting
radially outwardly from a hub or shaft or a flow passage
which wholly confines the working fluid while in working
engagement therewith, the blade or flow passage extending
circumferentially at least substantially one complete flight
around the hub or shaft and the peripheral edge of the blade
or flow passage defining a spiral path about the hub or shaft
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 625 and 657+ for
similar impellers especially adapted for moving other-
than-fluid materials.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Apparatus
wherein the impeller comprises (1) a circumferentially
continuous working fluid directing surface integral with the
working members thereof or (2) a flow passage which wholly
confines the working fluid while in working engagement
therewith.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the impeller* comprises a plurality of
blades supported solely at their axial ends by transverse
annuli or rings.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a rotary impeller* comprises (1) a working
fluid flow directing surface integral with the impeller* and
circumferentially continuous about the rotation axis or (2) a
flow passage which wholly confines the working fluid while in
working engagement therewith.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is a device in
which a surface or part of the working member forms a portion
of the circumferentially continuous flow directing surface.
(2) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses is a
device which would inherently confine fluid, as defined, even
though not so specifically disclosed.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus
wherein the flow directing surface comprises a concave
annular member defining a semicircle in cross section.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus
wherein the circumferentially continuous medium flow
directing surface has one or more apertures therein.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus
comprising a working fluid flow directing surface transverse
to the axis of rotation and having a continuous peripheral
edge.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus
comprising blades extending axially from the transverse flow
directing surface which are (1) discontinuous in radial or
circumferential extent or (2) formed of intersecting, angular
portions.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus in
which the radially extending surface is positioned between
the ends of a working surface, the working fluid
simultaneously entering or leaving the working surface in two
streams parallel to the axis of rotation, in directions
towards or away from each other on both sides of the radially
extending surface.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus in
which the transverse surface is substantially solid or
continuous from the hub to the edge thereof.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Apparatus
comprising an additional working fluid flow directing
surface, spaced axially from the transverse surface and of
annular form, the working members being positioned between
two surfaces.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Apparatus in
which the working member* has a dimension along the axis of
rotation which is substantially greater than the dimensions
along a radius (transverse to the axis of rotation) or across
the member (thickness), the plurality of such members
arranged and spaced around the annular surface, the member
being of substantially constant radial extent along its
length and supported between the two surfaces distally from
the axis of rotation.
(1) Note. Typically, the working members are parallel to
and equidistant from the rotational axis, i.e., drum type;
however, included within this definition is an arrangement
wherein the blades converge towards the axis, i.e., conical
type.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Apparatus
comprising a member of conical form extending axially from
the transverse flow directing surface.
(1) Note. The member need not be a cone; included under
this definition is a member which varies in diameter but
whose wall is concave from the large to the small diameter.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus
wherein the flow directing surface comprises an axially
extending member.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus
wherein the flow directing surface includes means for damping
impeller vibration or means which facilitate impeller
expansion and contraction.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus
wherein the flow directing surface comprises a continuous
series of connected or adjacent elements.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus
wherein the flow directing surface includes flange means
extending transversely of the rotation axis.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus
wherein the flow directing surface is spaced inwardly of the
impeller periphery, as such resulting in an inner and an
outer blade or series of blades arranged with reference to
the rotation axis of the hub or shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 77 for a rotary
kinetic fluid motor or pump in which the runner has blades
extending inwardly and outwardly from a rotating annulus.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the impeller* includes means supplemental
to the main attaching means for (1) securing the working
members* to a hub or shaft or (2) attaching the working
members to one another.
(1) Note. The lashing or attaching means is usually of
limited axial extent and the flow confining function thereof
is questionable. An attaching means which extends axially so
that it would confine or direct a fluid is excluded from this
subclass; see search note following.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for an axially extending shroud or web which confines
fluid even though not so disclosed, but is inherent in the
structure.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus
wherein the supplemental means is connected to the radial
extremities of the working members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for a flow confining rim or ring which inherently acts
as lashing or connecting means between the working members;
see the search notes in subclass 179.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclass 91 for
an annular runner having inwardly extending working members.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus
wherein the supplemental attaching means extends between
working surfaces.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the blade* comprises a dished working
fluid* impact surface which is arranged normal to the plane
of rotation and to the fluid force direction.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a plurality of working members* spaced
longitudinally of a rotary shaft such that they rotate in
different planes transverse of the shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for a device comprising a plurality of working members*
which differ from each other structurally, i.e., a
characteristic other than size or orientation, and which may
be spaced longitudinally along a shaft.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
wherein the working members direct the fluid from opposed
axial sides to either an axially inward or outward
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 for an impeller comprising a radially extending plate
intermediate the ends of a working surface, the working fluid
entering or leaving the working surface on both sides of the
plate in opposed axial directions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 93 for a rotary
kinetic energy pump or motor comprising means to direct the
working fluid to or from the impeller in axially opposed
paths, usually for the purpose of end balancing the
impeller.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus in
which a portion on one working member is angularly offset
relative to the corresponding portion on another working
member spaced axially therefrom.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
wherein the longitudinally spaced working members are of
unequal radial lengths.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising one or more bladed* working member*
surfaces projecting radially outward from a rotation axis and
so arranged that the blade axis in a radially outward
direction is significantly offset from a radius to the
rotation axis.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the impeller comprises (1) a fluid reactive
device which is asymmetrical relative to a plane, such as a
plurality of blades* unequally spaced about a rotary carrier*
or (2) a plurality of working members* which differ in size,
shape or orientation.
(1) Note. Included under (2) above are working members
merely fixed in differing operative positions (i.e., pitch).
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means for attaching a working member to
a mounting such as a hub or shaft.
(1) Note. A specific recitation of the attaching means is
required in a claim for placement in this and dependent
subclasses, the mere claiming or "means for connecting the
blade to the support" or similar broad recitation not being
sufficient for original classification.
(2) Note. Packing or sealing members, per se, between the
blade and its mounting do not comprise blade attaching
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 643, for an endless
belt or chain-like member adapted to lift a viscous fluid
from a body thereof as a result of the property of the fluid
to adhere to the member.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
wherein the means for attaching the blade to its mounting
permits selectively fixing the blade in one of a plurality of
different positions.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus
comprising an aperture or well in the mounting into which a
blade part is received and releasably secured by a spring
element.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus
wherein an impeller blade is secured to its mounting by a
pressing or wedging means which may be manually loosened
permitting repositioning of the blade in a different
operative attitude or relationship.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus
wherein the impeller blade is releasably secured between the
separable elements of a two-part hub.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus
wherein an encasing jacket is secured to that blade part
which is attached to the carrier.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in
which the blade is attached to a radial carrier arm or
annular mounting member and spaced at some distance from the
hub or shaft.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus
wherein the blade projects from the carrier arm in a
direction substantially parallel to the axis of the hub or
shaft.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
wherein the impeller comprises a plurality of blades, any one
blade provided with means interfitting or common to an
adjacent blade to produce rigidity in one or more
directions.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
wherein the blades are attached to the hub or shaft by fusion
(e.g., welding, etc.) or adhesive bonding.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
wherein the blade is secured between two spaced surfaces
which may be disassociated or disconnected from each other.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
wherein the mounting is provided with a circumferentially
extending recess into which a portion of the blade is
securely received.
(1) Note. The circumferential slot may be disposed on the
periphery or end wall of the carrier*.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus in
which the blade portion and channel wall, or a packing or
securing means therebetween, have a plurality of elongated,
radially spaced, interfitting channels and ridges.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus in
which the portion of the blade that is received by the
mounting comprises a plurality of distinct fingers or
projections extending from the main body of the blade.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus
comprising a distinct and separate circumferentially
extending member which secures or fastens a plurality of
blades to each other or to the channel wall.
(1) Note. The circumferentially extending member may be of
rod or sheet configuration (e.g., wire, wedge, or packing or
sealing means).
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
wherein the mounting is provided with recesses or grooves
which securely receive a blade portion.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus
comprising a distinct fastening member for securing the blade
to the mounting.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus
wherein the fastening member comprises elastic or distortable
material.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in
which the blade has attaching portions at the inward
extremity thereof which depend on either side of a continuous
supporting surface.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the shape, composition or construction of
an impeller blade* is specifically recited in a claim.
(1) Note. Patents from Class 415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid
Motors or Pumps, subclasses 182.1 and 208.1 - 232, have been
cross referenced to this and indented subclasses where
particular runner blade structure is claimed. To complete a
search for blade shapes, structures, materials, attaching
means, etc., appropriate subclasses in Class 415 excepting
those noted above, should be considered.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 544 for stock
materials, e.g., of indefinite length, which are all metal or
have adjacent metal components.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the blade has an abrasion resistant liner, sheathing
or insert secured to a portion thereof normally subject to
erosive deterioration.
(1) Note. The abrasion resistant means must be supplemental
to basic blade forming structure and a specifically claimed
blade structure accompanied by a mere disclosure that the
outer blade surface is resistant to wear is properly
classified elsewhere on the basis of the particular blade
structure defined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for a laminated or encased material blade wherein the
outer layer or covering may be disclosed as resistant to
abrasion.
241 for a blade coating or composition which may be
disclosed as resistant to abrasion.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the blade includes reinforcing means extending
longitudinally thereof serving to compress the blade parts
and resist the action of longitudinal forces (e.g.,
centrifugal) thereon.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the blade is fabricated by securing portions thereof
to a main member which extends longitudinally of the blade
from the root end to the tip, said member supporting the
weight of the blade and carrying the stress forces exerted
thereon.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the blade (1) comprises plural parts held at spaced
intervals, (2) is so shaped as to define or enclose an open
area, or (3) comprises a solid member discontinuous in at
least one direction.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a mere apertured
blade or one comprised or permeable material, such structure
being classifiable in subclass 231 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 particularly subclasses 76+ for operator supported
manually actuated impellers, many of which comprise open work
type reaction members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 633 for open work
structures of general utility and see the search notes
thereunder for similar structure elsewhere classifiable.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the impeller* (1) comprises a plurality of elongate
rod-like working members* projecting from a common carrier*
or (2) is so shaped as to define an edge outline which
markedly deviates from a smooth configuration.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the impeller blade (1) is fabricated by bonding or
fastening together a plurality of layers of material, (2)
comprises a structural part, such as a stiffening member, set
within a constituent part of the blade as by being molded
therein, or (3) comprises blade forming material enclosed
within a shell or casing.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Apparatus
wherein the blade comprises, at least in part, individual
elongated threadlike members of metal or other matter or such
members twisted or woven together to form a rope, cable,
cloth or like structure.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the working member (1) has one or more openings
extending therethrough or (2) is made up of material which is
intended to permit the flow of fluid therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for blades having fluid intake or discharge openings
thereon and see (2) Note thereunder.
227 for blades of open work, or lattice or loop forms.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the blade comprises a shell which defines a blade
cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 and 96+, for blades having fluid flow conducting passages
therein.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
wherein the shell encloses ribs or like reinforcing means
extending between opposing walls of the cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for a hollow blade wherein the shell is fabricated about
a main support.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the impeller blade is so shaped from or joined to
carrier means therefor as to blend smoothly therewith.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the blade surface (1) deviates from a smooth
symmetric shape, (2) has rib or rim means thereon or (3) is
so configured as to form a channel.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
wherein the blade surface has rib means thereon or has
grooves shaped therein.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
wherein the blade comprises two or more flat surfaces which
(1) intersect in an angular relationship or (2) lie in
different but substantially parallel planes united by a blade
portion normal to the said surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for an impeller comprising a radially extending flow
directing surface and a blade having circumferentially or
radially offset parts.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the blade axis is swept axially or circumferentially
from the juncture of the blade with the carrier*.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
comprising (1) fairing structure supported adjacent the inner
end of the blade or (2) the specific shape or construction of
the lower portion of the blade intermediate the reaction
surface and the root, as in Fig. II in the Class Definition
of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for impeller blading integral with and smoothly blended
into the carrier or which comprises, in effect, a shaped
hub.
248 for subject matter directed to blade root structure or
to a root block, the impeller blade being either nominally
recited or not claimed.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the impeller blade comprises pliant material so that
in its finished form it has a high degree of flexibility.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81 for an oscillatory working member comprised of pliant
material.
84 for a working member having collapsible walls expansible
to an operative shape by filling with a fluent material.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein (1) an initially fluent substance is applied to the
blade surface so as to leave a residual film, layer or
continuous deposit thereon or which penetrates the blade base
material and is at least partially retained therein or (2)
the material composition of the blade is specifically set
forth or (3) a specific structural characteristic of the
blade (other than shape) is set forth, such feature not being
elsewhere classifiable.
(1) Note. Under part (2) the mere recitation that the blade
is formed of metal or wood is excluded since such subject
matter is extremely common in this art.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclass 216.1
for a working fluid* passage or distributing means for a
runner* has a specific shaft* shape or material, subclass
217.1 for a working fluid* passage or distributing means for
a runner* has a corrosion resistant or nonmetallic portion.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for a specific alloy. Class 75 takes a nominally claimed
impeller blade formed of a specific alloy.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for coated articles; Class 428 takes an impeller
blade nominally claimed with a specific coating on a surface
thereof, 551 for stock material having plural adjacent
metallic components, metal particles, and an additional
nonmetal component.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein a surface of the blade is curved in two or more
directions, (e.g., sinuous).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for an impeller blade having an undulating or rippled
surface.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein a face of the blade comprises an inwardly curved
surface.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising impeller* having (1) support* structure,
(2) securing means not provided for above, (3) carrier*
structure or (4) drag or head resistance reducing means such
as a smooth outline member or covering supported on the
impeller carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for a float supported impeller.
93 for hub, fairing or housing structure including means
whereby ambient fluid or exhaust gas is caused to flow
therethrough.
234 for impeller blading integral with and smoothly blended
into the carrier or which comprises, in effect, a shaped
hub.
239 for impeller blading having fairing structure supported
at the inner end thereof or wherein the blade shank itself is
so shaped.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclass 216.1
for a device comprising a runner* supported on a shaft of
specific shape or material and further comprising working
fluid* passage or distributing means for the runner, subclass
218.1 for a device including a runner comprising a conical
hub having its small diameter portion facing upstream and
further including working fluid passage or distributing means
for the runner.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus
comprising a conical member coaxially mounted on the impeller
shaft or hub proximate the blading such that the apex of said
conical member comprises either the upstream or downstream
terminus of the impeller.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for hub, fairing or housing structure (which may be for
aircraft) including means whereby ambient fluid or exhaust
gas is caused to flow therethrough.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus
wherein an impeller is mounted on a support for movement to
various positions of use or to a nonuse position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for an impeller adjustably supported on a float.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an obstructing member or open frame
structure is located adjacent or about the impelling means to
prevent contact of the impelling means by foreign objects or
by animals.
(1) Note. Included under this definition of a protective
screen or guard is a device to confine spray or splash caused
by motion of the impeller and to prevent such spray or splash
from impinging on adjacent surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, 71 for screw propeller guard means
limited to vessel propulsion and see Class Definition of this
class (416) for a general statement of the line.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus not otherwise provided for above.
(1) Note. For example, this subclass includes a part of
member located intermediate the shank of an impeller blade*
and a carrier* therefor, said part of member being commonly
termed the blade root or root block and not classifiable
elsewhere.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of published
disclosures pertaining to various specified aspects of the
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), art which aspects
do not form appropriate bases for subclasses in the foregoing
classification (i.e., subclasses superior hereto in the
schedule), wherein original copies of patents are placed on
the basis of proximate function of the apparatus. These
subclasses assist a search based on remote function of the
apparatus and may be of further assistance to the searcher,
either as a starting point in searching this class or as an
indication of further related fields of search inside or
outside the class. Thus, there is here provided a second
access for retrieval of a limited number of types of
disclosures.
(1) Note. Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for
their value as references and as leads to appropriate main or
secondary fields of search, without regard to their original
classification or their claimed subject matter.
(2) Note. The disclosures found in the following subclasses
are examples, only, of the indicated subject matter, and in
no instance do they represent the entire extent of the prior
art.
Subclass:
500
An impeller* or working member* which is so designed or
includes means associated therewith for the purpose of
reducing undesirable vibrational motion induced by the
operation thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
194 for means securing the working members to one another or
to a hub or shaft for purposes of reducing vibration during
normal operation.
Subclass:
501
An impelling member formed of loose flexible material,
usually in divided or sectional form, such that movement of
the member produces a rustling sound effect in addition to a
current of air scare or brush away flies and the like.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 132.1 for
insect destroying devices and processes in general.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, for
subject matter of that class combined with a fly brush type
impeller
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000