U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 172
EARTH WORKING
Class Definition:
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
This is the generic class for subject matter relating to
working the earth in situ. Earth working involves physical
treatment of the earth and includes beating, compacting,
crushing, cultivating, cutting, digging, furrowing,
harrowing, leveling, mixing, plowing, pulverizing, rolling,
scraping, scratching, smoothing, and tilling.
The earth is usually worked by an earth working element
carried on an apparatus traversing the ground but hand held
tools such as hoes are also included.
This class also takes subject matter, not otherwise
classified relating to the cutting and removal of sod or turf
from the ground.
Apparatus comprising means other than earth working means
supported on or attached to a vehicle for manipulation in a
manner consistent with the use of the means as an earth
working means is classifiable in this class if the means is
identified in a claim by name only and the claim contains no
feature otherwise inconsistent with classification in Class
172. However, lines with other classes have in many cases not
been cleared so that where the bulk of the existing art has
been classified on a basis other than indicated above such
classification is continued.
(1) Note. CLAIMS NOT CONTROLLING IN PATENTS PRIOR TO 1930.
Patents prior to 1930 have not necessarily been classified by
claims so that the placement of these old patents does not
necessarily indicate lines of classification. In view of the
large numbers of old patents in this class many of these
patents have been classified in accordance with their total
disclosure. This is especially true of the patents in
subclasses 332+. Most of the patents, however, regardless of
their age have been placed in accordance with their claimed
subject matter.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
SUBJECT MATTER RELATING TO SNOW REMOVAL, TO WORKING THE EARTH
FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES, TO COMPACTING EARTH FOR ROADS OR
PAVEMENT AND TO WORKING HARD MATERIAL IN SITU
Class 37, Excavating, generally relates to removing snow or
to working the earth for industrial purposes as by making a
ditch or moving earth by a conveyor or scoop. In many cases
the devices found in Class 37 for these purposes are
indistinguishable structurally from devices found in Class
172. Classification turns on emphasis for a certain use, such
as snow removal or ditch digging. Class 37 formerly contained
subclasses 143 through 181 entitled "Scrapers" which included
subject matter relating to scraping the earth by means of a
blade or such subject matter in combination with other earth
working means such as harrows or rollers. The devices in
these subclasses were typically road graders or bulldozers
for working or moving the earth for industrial purposes.
These subclasses were abolished and the art found in them was
for the most part incorporated into Class 172 and is to be
found in subclasses 4.5, 26.5, 26.6, 777-809 and other
appropriate subclasses. Some of the art was specialized to
ditch filling and was placed in Class 37 subclass 142.5. The
remaining patents were not drawn to scraping blades or such
blades combined with simple earth working means and were
transferred to appropriate subclasses in Class 37 or other
classes. Class 37, subclasses 104+, Railway Graders, and
subclasses 381+, Road-Grader Type, were not cleared. Patents
in these subclasses should be drawn to devices more
specialized than the general utility scrapers or "road
graders" which were classified in abolished subclasses
143-181.
Class 299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
as the title indicates, generally provides for the working of
hard earth material such as rock and also the working of ice
in situ. However, a tool which is actually of general utility
in earth working, such as a ripper tooth or scraper and
traverses the earth without relative movement with respect to
its support (as by rolling or cyclical driving) is
classifiable in Class 172 even if solely disclosed for
disintegrating rock.
Class 404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses
117, 121, and 122+, for a roller device which performs a
simple compacting function on the earth. See the note to
Class 172, under the class definition of Class 404.
JOINTS
Many of the patents relating to earth working devices claim
joints between parts of the device. A claim to a joint
between two disclosed earth working portions of an earth
working apparatus, e.g., a claim to a joint between a plow
share and moldboard, is classifiable in Class 172, subclasses
681+. Also, a claim to an overload release joint between
implement parts, e.g., between a tractor and a device solely
disclosed as an earth working type of implement, is
classifiable in Class 172, subclasses 261+ and a claim to a
spring biased joint for biasing an earth working tool is
classifiable in Class 172, subclasses 705+. However, other
claims to joints, per se, are classifiable in the various
classes relating to joints. Thus, joints of general
application are classifiable in Class 403, Joints and
Connections. An articulated joint between a tractor and a
trailing vehicle, as long as that vehicle is not solely
disclosed as an implement, is classifiable in Class 280, Land
Vehicles, subclasses 400+.
The Search Notes below also contain lines with other
classes.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous
compound tools, especially subclass 115 for a cutter
combined with a pitch fork and subclass 116 for a cutter
combined with a spade or shovel (e.g., a bayonet and a
shovel). Hand tools comprising combinations of various earth
working portions are classifiable in Class 172, Earth
Working.
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate
subclasses for cleaners, including scrapers. Class 172 takes
cleaners for cleaning earth working parts, which cleaners are
intended to be attached to the earth working apparatus.
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclasses 110+ for handles for
earth working devices, such as plows or hoes.
29, Metal Working, subclass 14 for machines and processes of
making plow and cultivator irons, subclasses 891+ for
processes of making agricultural devices, and see the
subclasses there cited.
30, Cutlery, appropriate subclasses, for cutters of general
utility and cutters for merely making a slit in sod. A cutter
for earth working purposes such as making a slit in the soil
(e.g., a colter) is classifiable in Class 172. Thus a patent
to a cutter with a claim restricted to earth working or a
sole disclosure of earth working is classifiable in Class
172, except that a patent to a hand device with the cutting
edge extending generally in the direction of the handle is
classifiable in Class 30 even though it is restricted to
earth working. Also a tool for merely cutting a plant below
the surface of the earth is classifiable in Class 30.
37, Excavating, subclasses 196+ for snow- removing
apparatus which may be identical with earth working apparatus
except that it is disclosed as principally for snow removal,
subclasses 307+ for dredging apparatus, subclasses 347+
especially subclasses 366+ for ditchers which may be very
similar to earth working apparatus for Class 172 except that
they are disclosed as making an industrial ditch or trench
rather than a furrow, by more than mere scraping operation,
subclasses 104+ for apparatus specialized to forming the bed
or slopes of a railway, subclasses 381+ for apparatus
specialized to working on roads and involving something more
than mere scraping or earth working apparatus of general
utility, subclasses 394+ for cable operated apparatus
including cable operated scrapers involving more than the
scraper, per se, and a cable attached to the scraper,
subclasses 403+ for a scraper convertible to or combined with
a scoop, shovel or other material pick up means, subclasses
411+ for scoops which are distinguishable from scrapers
classified in Class 172 in that they have a bottom for
transporting material, and appropriate subclasses for digging
or moving earth in general.
47, Plant Husbandry, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclass 1.01 and 58.1 for subject matter relating to earth
working combined with other functions relating to plant
husbandry such as heating the earth or spraying a plant.
However, a moldboard type plow with heating means for the
plow is classifiable in Class 172 subclass 755.
56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to severing or chopping of crop material without
disturbing the soil and also subject matter relating to
gathering or raking crop material without substantially
disturbing the soil. The line is essentially one of disclosed
use. If a device is described as a nonearth disturbing
harvesting device the patent is placed in Class 56 rather
than Class 172 even if the structure claimed is the same as
that which may be found in Class 172. An exception is that if
a harvester is claimed by name only and the claim is
otherwise drawn to merely a mounting or manipulating means
which is consistent with the functioning of the named
harvester as an earth working device then the patent may be
classifiable in Class 172.
With respect to the stalk chopper art, if the chopper is
disclosed as one which operates by the action of a cutter
member against the ground, without a ledger plate it is
assumed that the soil is disturbed and classification in
Class 172 results. Choppers operating above the ground level
are classifiable in Class 56.
Generally Class 172 takes the combination of or the
conversion between a Class 56 apparatus and a Class 172
apparatus, or an apparatus disclosed as having either an
earth working or a harvesting function without change. Thus a
Class 172 type lawn edger combined with or convertible to a
harvester is found in Class 172, subclass 14, the combination
of other types of Class 172 devices with a harvester is in
Class 172, subclasses 27+ and the combination of a Class 172
device with a rake is in Class 172, subclasses 29+. An
exception to the above is that a hand rake combined with or
convertible to an earth working means is classifiable in
Class 56, subclasses 400.04+.
60, Power Plants, subclasses 325+, especially subclass 427
for hydraulic-type power plants operated by liquid supplied
from a pump. Many such power plants are used in earth working
apparatus. A claim to a power plant for an earth working
apparatus reciting only a tractor mounting for the plant and
a rockshaft actuated by the power plant is classifiable in
Class 60. If the claim goes beyond this and claims some
detail of the apparatus which may be only a lift arm on the
rockshaft or a draft sensing means it is classifiable in
Class 172.
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 462+ for dies for forming
plow and cultivator irons.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for
machine elements and mechanical movements, especially
subclasses 11+ for power take-offs.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, subclass 85 for
attachments other than abrading attachments for sharpening
earth working tools. An earth working apparatus combined with
a sharpening device is in Class 172, subclass 437. However,
when the earth working apparatus as claimed is only a support
for the attachment the claim is classifiable in Class 76.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses
for servomotors, per se. Many such servomotors are used in
earth working apparatus. A claim to a servomotor for an earth
working apparatus reciting only a tractor mounting and
rockshaft operated by the motor is classifiable in Class 91.
However, further detail such as a lift arm on the rockshaft
or a draft sensing means causes classification in Class 172.
104, Railways, subclass 169 for apparatus for reciprocating
an earth working device, claimed by name only, over the
ground and subclass 244.1 for a vehicle or earth working
device claimed by name only guided along a field by a furrow
feeler. Class 172, subclass 23+ has significantly claimed
earth working apparatus driven from or guided by a stationary
object or previously formed furrow.
111, Planting, appropriate subclasses for earth working means
combined with planting means, especially subclasses 118+
for earth working means combined with means for inserting
liquid or gas into the soil, subclasses 25+ for planting
means with earth marking means, subclass 33 for earth marking
means comprising means to make an intermittent mark in the
earth to indicate the points where material should be
planted, subclasses 52+ for frame arrangements, subclass 82
for hand propelled planters, and subclass 99 for dibbles. A
Class 172 device generally may comprise the earth working
subcombination of a planting device. A planter may be recited
by name only as a support for an earth marker or an earth
working tool in a claim classifiable in Class 172. A support
for an earth working portion identified as a planting boot in
a claim is not considered too much for Class 172.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, appropriate subclasses for
tires and wheels which may be structurally similar to earth
working apparatus but are not intended to have an earth
working function.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate
subclasses for subject matter relating to unearthing and
separating an object from the earth (e.g., a potato digger).
A Class 172 device may cut plant roots as it traverses the
ground or may turn a furrow which has objects in it such as
potatoes but devices in Class 172 do not separate an object
from the adjacent earth. A Class 172 device may be a
subcombination of a Class 171 device; for example, a plow for
Class 172 may lift earth with potatoes in it, the potatoes
then being separated from the earth, the complete device
being classifiable in Class 171.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for
subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when
such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to
tool driving, but which does not include features limiting
the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific
shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related
tools, or an opposed work support, and see particularly
subclasses 184+ driving or impacting means mounted on a
wheeled vehicle. Class 172 has not been cleared as to subject
matter in conflict with this line.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses
for subject matter relating to forming elongated holes in the
earth. Apparatus for forming a plurality of small holes in
the earth for aerating the soil or for like purposes is
classifiable in Class 172, subclasses 21+.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 14.1 for vehicle trains
comprising a tractor and a trailing vehicle which may be an
implement claimed by name only, subclasses 53.1+ for devices
in which the motor of the motor vehicle is used as a source
of external power for a device which may be an implement
claimed by name only, and subclass 401 for power steering
devices which may be controlled by a feeler element running
in a furrow. An implement described in a claim as comprising
a frame and an earth working means carried thereby is
considered to be claimed by more than name only so that the
claim would be classifiable in Class 172. The line between
Class 172 and subclasses 53.1+ of Class 180 is set out in the
Search Class Note of subclass 35 in class 172.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 62 for
plow-lifting type clutches, per se.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to
comminuting or disintegrating material other than the earth
in situ.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, appropriate subclasses for lifting means of general
utility for lifting a load, which means may be structurally
similar to a means for manipulating an implement.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for the running
gear or other feature of a general utility land vehicle, not
restricted by disclosure to an earth working or harvesting
implement. Attention is directed to subclass 1.5 for a
vehicle with a means for engaging the body of a walking
attendant; subclasses 6.15+ for a vehicle including means,
interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and
running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the
vehicle body, chassis, or frame; subclasses 32.5+ for a
vehicle with a worker's support or shade; subclass 32.7 for a
vehicle including a riding attachment; subclasses 43+ for a
vehicle including a wheel vertically movable relative to the
running gear for the purpose of altering a dimension of the
vehicle or a part thereof; subclass 47.11 for a vehicle
including steering of other than a mere swinging axle by an
attendant positioned about, rather than upon, the vehicle;
subclasses 47.131+ for a tiltable vehicle stabilized by an
article or an attendant; subclasses 47.34+ for
handle-propelled vehicles; subclasses 82+ for tongue trucks;
subclasses 98+ for vehicles having running gear specifically
constructed to enable execution of arcuate travel within a
reduced radius of curvature (i.e., short turn); subclass 108
for general utility vehicles including tongue antivibrators;
subclasses 124.1+ for general utility vehicle running gear
including suspension means; subclasses 137.5+ for general
utility vehicle running gear including a turnable axle
lacking suspension means; subclasses 160+ for means for
fending obstacles from contact with the wheels of a vehicle;
subclasses 400+ for an articulated vehicle or plural
interconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicle train); subclasses
763.1+ for a vehicle with a retractable ground support;
subclasses 771+ for vehicles including occupant controlled
steering; subclasses 847+ for vehicle dust or mud guards; or
subclasses 855+ for wheel scrapers and cleaners. Further,
regarding an articulated vehicle or vehicle train as provided
in subclasses 400+ of this class (Class 280), particular
attention is directed to subclasses 405.1+ for a load
distribution connection between sections of the articulated
vehicle or the plural vehicles, subclasses 411.1+ for
multiple trailing vehicles, subclass 414.5 for a trailing
vehicle having a vertically adjustable wheel, subclasses
415.1+ for a convertible interconnection between the
articulated vehicles, subclass 419 for a steering connection
between articulated vehicles, subclasses 420+ for articulated
vehicles with service connections therebetween, subclasses
442+ for a wheel on a trailing vehicle steered by
articulative movement between the vehicles, subclasses 446.1+
for condition responsive draft connections, subclasses 449+
for overload releasing draft connections, subclasses 456.1+
for plural laterally adjustable draft connections, subclass
476.1 for a wheel draft connection, subclasses 477+ for
connection facilitating means in a draft connection, and
subclass 490.1 for a vertically adjustable draft member, the
adjustment being merely for the purpose of placing the draft
member at a proper height for facilitating the connection
between the articulated vehicles.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 49+
for hand forks and shovels. Hand forks and shovels are
distinguished from Class 172 apparatus such as a hand hoe in
that the row of tines or blade extends in the general
direction of the handle from an end thereof and is designed
to engage and lift a load.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
appropriate subclass for subject matter relating to
recovering valuable material from the earth or breaking up
hard, solid material in situ. In working the earth surface,
the line between Class 172 and Class 299 turns on described
hardness of material worked, Class 299 taking a cutter or
device for working hard solid material in situ. Clay type
earth or loose gravel is considered soft material whereas
solid rock, coal or road pavement is considered hard
material. However, a device for merely drawing a cutter back
and forth like a plow even in a hard surface is classified in
Class 172 if specific cutter structure is not recited.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, appropriate subclasses,
especially subclass 41.1 for wheels which may be
structurally indistinguishable from earth working tools but
which are not intended to work the earth.
384, Bearings, subclass 157 for a plain bearing and 460 for
an antifraction bearing for plow or colter disks which may
include the bearing support.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for a
joint between two members which does not involve any
structure of the members other than that which cooperates to
effect the joint.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclass 117, for
an earth compacting roller with vibrating or impact means,
subclass 121, for a sheep's foot roller, subclasses 122+, for
a rotating drum, roller or tire to compact earth and
subclasses 133.05+, for earth tamping means.
414, Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber-type pumps or motors, per se.
451, Abrading, subclasses 415+ for an abrasive attachment
for sharpening earth working tools. An earth working
apparatus combined with a sharpening device is in Class 172,
subclass 437. However, where the earth working apparatus, as
claimed, is only a support for the attachment, then
classification is in Class 451.
492, Roll or Roller, for a nonearth working roll, per se, not
elsewhere provided for, and see the notes thereunder.
D8, Tools and Hardware, subclasses 1+ for tools and
implements for agriculture, forestry and horticulture.
D15, Machines Not Elsewhere Specified, subclasses 10+ for
agricultural or construction machinery.
GLOSSARY:
ACTUATOR
A device comprising both a means for imparting movement to an
element and a means for holding the moved element against
returning to a position from which it has been moved. Thus,
an actuator may comprise a servomotor, a mechanical power
take-off from a motor or rolling wheel, a hand operated lever
and ratchet or merely a handle and a bracket for holding the
element moved by the handle in position. In the case of a
mere handle actuator, however, the handle must be intended to
be used merely to move an element to an adjusted position
where it is held in place by a holding means. If the handle
is intended to be used by an attendant so as to hold an
element in intermediate positions by continued application of
force by the attendant then the handle is not considered an
actuator. See subclasses 329+ for devices with such handles.
If the handle is disclosed as usable as an actuator to merely
move and hold and, alternatively, also as a guiding means to
move and hold by force exerted by the attendant then the
handle is considered to be both an actuator and an attendant
hold means and is classified accordingly in the first
appropriate subclass and cross referenced down if necessary.
A device comprising merely a means for moving by direct
application of draft force is not considered an actuator. For
example, an implement hitched to a tractor and provided with
a latch and a movable hitch whereby the draft force of the
tractor on the movable hitch moves an earth working element
with respect to the implement frame and the latch holds the
element in different positions is not considered to be
provided with an actuator, as the term is used in this class.
See subclass 605 for such devices.
Also, a device comprising merely a screw bolt or the like is
not considered an actuator, being merely a clamping or an
adjusting means.
ADJUSTABLE
An adjective describing the capability of two parts of being
selectively held in different positions with respect to one
another by some means other than an attendant. A mere clamp
which cooperates with a member such that by loosening the
clamp the member could be set in any desired position and
reclamped (e.g., clamp and spike tooth) is not considered to
be an adjusting means. However, any specific structure such
as selectively usable apertures, teeth, slots, etc., for the
purpose of permitting the selective change of the relative
positions of two parts is included under this definition.
Despite the above limitation on the meaning of "adjustable"
if a claim emphasizes the feature of adjustability it is
classifiable in an "adjustable" subclass even if structurally
the feature comprises a mere clamp.
EARTH WORKING ELEMENT
Synonymous with "tool".
IMPLEMENT
A combination of parts comprising an earth working device. It
may mean merely an earth working portion or a complex
combination of parts including a tractor. Usually it
indicates a complete device which as an entity may be readily
attached to a tractor in the field.
LATERAL
A direction which is transverse of the line of draft of a
tool over the earth unless some other meaning is clearly
indicated by the context.
LONGITUDINAL
A direction which is parallel to the line of draft of a tool
over the earth unless some other meaning is clearly
indicated.
TOOL
That portion of the apparatus which actually works the
earth.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Methods.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 195 for methods of excavating.
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 58.1 for methods of earth
working combined with an additional nonearth working step
such as adding fertilizer or treating the soil.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 1 for
methods of earth working combined with an additional step of
removing or separating a plant or buried object from the
earth.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working element and a means for
sensing a condition or change of condition, which condition
or change of condition may or may not occur, a separate
control means and a separate power means for changing a
condition of operation of the apparatus, said three means
being so related that the sensing means controls operation of
the controlling means and the control means controls
operation of the power means, all without the intervention of
a human operator.
(1) Note. The "power means" of the definition comprises a
motor or a mechanical power take-off. For purposes of this
definition a spring is not considered a power actuating
means.
(2) Note. Apparatus in which a movement of the sensing means
develops power which directly moves the power means is not
included (e.g., a sensing means connected to a piston in a
hydraulic transmission to directly cause movement of a piston
in the power lift cylinder). See subclass 239 for such
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
465 for an actuator for lifting a tool for transport
comprising a servo-motor with a follow up control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 9 for
unearthing devices having automatic control.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 14.5 for a connection between
a motor vehicle and a trailer (including a broadly claimed
implement) effective to automatically control the vehicle on
occurrence of an overload on the connection, and subclasses
282+ for a motor vehicle provided with a safety-promoting
means which is responsive to the sensing of acceleration,
deceleration, or tilt of the vehicle.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 699+, for
material moving devices with a vertically swinging load
support of the tilting shovel or fork type with automatic
control for effecting an operation of the device.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in
which the power means controlled is for propelling the
apparatus over the ground.
(1) Note. This subclass includes brake or clutch control for
the propelling means.
(2) Note. The mere recitation of an implement by name only
in combination with a power driven propelling means therefor
having a mechanism for controlling the propulsion means in
response to a condition of the implement, as for example, a
mechanism for disengaging the clutch of a tractor when a
pulled implement strikes an obstruction, is not enough for
classification under this definition. See Class 180, Motor
Vehicles, subclass 14.5 for such devices.
(3) Note. The mere recitation of an implement in combination
with a power driven propelling means therefor including a
means for adjusting the implement and a mechanism for con
trolling both the propelling means and the adjusting means
for the implement is included in this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 14.5 for vehicle trains with
automatically responsive means for controlling the propelling
means. A broadly named implement is considered a vehicle for
Class 180.
901, Robots, subcollection 1 for a mobile robot device.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in
which the sensing means contacts or senses the surface of the
ground and acts to maintain the earthworking element at a
preselected depth therein.
Subclass:
4.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is a ground leveling tool,
(e.g., a scraper, etc.) which is so controlled that the
contour of the finished portion of the earth which is being
worked will be substantially straight in a longitudinal
direction regardless of the irregularities of the original
surface of said portion.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus wherein
the condition sensed is the location of an obstruction or
plant.
(1) Note. A stake or other object which has been previously
placed in position for the purpose of controlling an earth
working implement which is intended to approach such object
is not considered to be an obstruction within this definition
since its sensing is not considered to be a condition which
may or may not occur. See search notes below for such
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 23+ for a stake or other object which has been
previously placed in position for the purpose of controlling
an earth working implement which is intended to approach an
object
38 for driven tools having an obstruction feeling device
which moves the implement.
subclasses 233+ for apparatus having an obstruction feeler
for moving an implement to avoid the obstruction, the
obstruction feeler providing the power necessary to move the
implement or merely unlatching the implement so that it may
move.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 121.4 for harvester cutters with
plant or crop contacting gauges.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 8 for
drive triggered by desired object.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Apparatus in
which at least one of the sensing, controlling or power means
is electrical.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in
which the condition change which is sensed is a change in the
force required to move the earth working element along the
ground.
(1) Note. For classification under this definition a patent
must claim the automatic control feature in some detail. A
mere broad reference in a claim to an automatic control as,
for example, a mere broad reference in a claim to a top link
in a three point hitch broadly described as a link for
automatically controlling a power lift is not enough. See
Search Notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for apparatus including means to automatically control the
power means of a vehicle for propelling a tool which may be
responsive to the draft force on the earth working tool.
subclasses 239+ for draft or pitch responsive depth control
for implements, the control being other than of the automatic
power control type.
subclasses 439+ for patents with claims of the nature
described in (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 446.1 for articulated vehicles
with a hitch responsive to changes in the draft load, there
being no disclosure of an earth working element being the
cause of the change in draft load, and subclasses 405.1+ for
articulated vehicles with an adjustment to distribute the
load between the vehicles or from one vehicle to another.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in
which the rate of movement of the power means varies with the
magnitude of the sensed force in such a manner that the rate
of movement increases or decreases when the magnitude of the
sensed force increases or decreases respectively.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, those devices
in which a plurality of pumps, a variable capacity pump, or a
plurality of successively operated valves are used to operate
a fluid servomotor.
(2) Note. A system which has a mere single valve for
directing fluid to a servomotor which would provide less
restriction to fluid flow upon greater opening of the valve
in response to the increased magnitude of the sensed force is
not included in this subclass.
Subclass:
9
With manual actuator to select type of condition sensed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus
including means having a manually actuated element which may
be set in a plurality of positions, wherein changing the
position of the element results in a change in the type of
condition (e.g., position of tool, amount of draft force,
depth of tool) which causes a change in operation of the
apparatus.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those devices having means
to operate the power means to raise or lower the earth
working means upon the occurrence of an excess draft force
(e.g., excess draft release or overload lift type).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
465 for an actuator adapted to lift a tool for transport on
a wheeled frame or broadly claimed implement and comprising a
servomotor with a follow-up control, or for a device wherein
an automatic draft responsive control is converted to a
position control so that the automatic draft control is
effective only if the device is disassembled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclasses 358+ for
expansible chamber motors having working member position
responsive feedback control.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus having
means to selectively adjust the relationship between the
power means and the sensing means to change the magnitude of
sensed force required to produce a given movement of the
power means.
(1) Note. The sensed force in this definition is the force
applied directly to the sensing means, for example, in the
three-point mast type hitch it is the force applied to the
end of the top link and not the force acting directly on the
earth working element.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in
which the earthworking element is normally raised by the
power means in response to an increase in the sensed force
and having means which is operative when the magnitude of the
force exceeds a predetermined amount to release the
earth-working element from control by the power means.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in
which the condition sensed is an abnormal increase in the
magnitude of the draft force, the sensing means initiating
operation of the power means to cause raising of the earth
working element to an inoperative position.
(1) Note. The earth working element may be returned to its
previous working condition as part of the cycle of
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 261+ for overload responsive devices which are
not automatic in their operation.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means other than a scraper specially
intended for working the earth adjacent a fixed structure on
the surface of the earth (e.g., a paved walk to edge a lawn)
or working the earth adjacent a turf surface (e.g., grooving
a plant bed adjacent a lawn).
(1) Note. This definition is intended to provide an art
collection of lawn edgers or trimmers. Usually such devices
comprise a means for guiding the device along the edge of the
pavement. However no special structure need be claimed for
classification in this subclass. Patents whose sole specific
disclosure or whose claims relate to the described use are
considered to come under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for hand manipulable
implements for merely cutting or slitting grass or sod.
Devices which cut so as to form a groove in the soil,
however, are classified in Class 172.
56, Harvesters, subclass 10.1, for a motor-driven harvester,
particularly subclass 13.7, wherein two or more cutters are
provided, e.g., for mowing and for trimming, and subclass
16.9 wherein the motor may drive a mower or a trimmer;
subclasses 229+, for a lawn and hedge cutter, and subclass
251, for a lawn edge trimmer combined with a lawn mower. The
lawn edge trimmer or cutter of Class 56 merely cuts grass. If
a groove is cut in the soil, or the ground is otherwise
disturbed, classification is in an appropriate subclass in
Class 172.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in
combination with or convertible to an element for performing
some work operation other than earth working.
(1) Note. Devices classified here include lawn edgers
combined with mowers, brushes or snow removers.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element which cuts into the
ground and has a rolling motion as it is pulled over the
ground or is positively moved with respect to its support
with a continuous or cyclic motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclass 292 and 319 for rotary blade cutters.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus
comprising in addition an earth working element for cutting
into or furrowing the earth which does not move relative to
its support while working the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 63+ for other driven and nondriven earth working
elements.
subclasses 174+ for other rolling and nonrolling earth
working elements.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in
combination with a ground wheel or ground roller.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus
comprising (1) an earth working element adapted to be driven
generally vertically downwardly in the earth or (2) jaw
members for grasping and lifting a portion of earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 49+
for hand forks and shovels for digging or grappling earth
and not limited to use as lawn edgers.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means for cutting the earth (1)
horizontally and vertically or (2) annularly for the purpose
of enabling a portion of sod to be removed in an undisturbed
condition.
(1) Note. This definition is intended to provide an art
collection of sod or plug cutters. Other devices such as
subsoilers, or the like, which cut soil and have structure
similar to that of a sod cutter but are not used for the
purpose of removing a strip of earth in an undisturbed
condition are not included. Patents are considered to come
under this definition if claims refer to sod cutting or the
sole specific disclosure relates to this use.
(2) Note. Patents relating to the handling and/or cutting of
sod after it has been cut from the ground are classified
under this definition if not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for earth perforating devices which have means for
removing the earth from a hole made in the earth, there being
no intention to remove a piece of sod in an undisturbed
condition so that it can be replanted. The earth perforating
devices characteristically either disturb the earth or take
out a very small diameter core of earth and sod, not intended
for replanting.
376 for hand tools of the loop type.
698 for a tool with laterally spaced standards.
699 for subsoilers.
720 for subsurface blades.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, for merely cutting turf in a vertical plane.
37, Excavating, subclass 302 and 303 for devices for
excavating stumps and stones, and subclass 3 for peat
excavators.
47, Plant Husbandry, subclasses 73+ for plant receptacles
of the transplanting type.
111, Planting, subclasses 100+ for plant setting devices.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate
subclasses for separating plants from the soil.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 249+ for a
core-forming type earth boring bit provided with means to
sever the core and subclasses 403+ for a core-forming type
earth boring bit.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 49+
for forks or shovels for lifting plugs of earth or sod and
subclass 50.6 for shovels of the grappling type, the grapple
having no means to cut the earth in a horizontal plane.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
appropriate subclass for cutting hard, solid earth material
in situ, particularly subclass 36.1 for a floor working
machine.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Apparatus
comprising means for making a transverse vertically extending
cut in the earth while the apparatus is being propelled over
the surface of the earth.
(1) Note. The apparatus may momentarily halt its forward
motion while the transverse cut is being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for driven earth working elements which are guided for
rectilinear reciprocation, which reciprocation may be in a
vertical transverse plane.
Subclass:
21
LAWN AERATOR OR PERFORATION, OR PLUG REMOVER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for treating earth covered with grass by making a
slit or small hole therein so as to either aerate the earth,
remove a plug of grass and soil, or merely pierce sod, with a
minimum of disturbance of the adjacent earth.
(1) Note. The apparatus found in this subclass is not
limited to any specific type of structure but is usually
disclosed as being intended to perform the aforementioned
aerating and/or plug-removing function.
(2) Note. Apparatus which could incidently be used to
perform this function is not included herein, unless the
aerating and/or plug-removal of lawns is disclosed as an
intended use of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 91+ for cyclically driven carriers which have,
movably mounted thereon, hole forming earth-working teeth,
blades, or like projections, but which teeth, blades, or
projections tear at and snag the soil in working it.
subclasses 118+ for devices, other than lawn aerators or
plug-removers, driven about a horizontal transverse axis.
subclasses 540+ for roller devices, other than lawn
aerators or plug removers, with teeth which make holes in the
ground.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 226 for standing grain gatherers
with bat members having a vertical movement similar to
aerator projections; and subclass 249 for mowers with rollers
having aerating devices.
111, Planting, subclasses 89+ for devices for making a
cavity in the earth and depositing material in the cavity;
and subclass 99 for hand implements for forming a cavity
other than a furrow in the ground to receive material.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses
for devices for boring holes in the earth.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Apparatus in
which there are means for making a hole in the earth by
removing earth from below the surface of the ground to a
location above the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, subclasses 73+ for plant receptacles
of the transplanting type.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 403+ for a
core-forming type earth boring bit.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 50.7
for annularly arranged grappling-type hand forks or shovels.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working means adapted (1) to
coact with some fixed manmade structure so as to be driven
relative to or guided by said structure, (2) to be anchored
to some fixed structure such as a tree or stake to be guided
thereby, (3) to be operated while anchored to or supported on
the earth so as to prevent the apparatus as a whole from
having any translatory movement during the earth working
operation, or (4) to be guided by a guide means contacting a
channel or shoulder previously made in the ground.
(1) Note. The fixed man-made structure may be portable. For
example, a tractor carrying a winch intended to pull an earth
working element relative to the tractor to work the earth is
considered a "fixed installation", provided the earth working
element is not carried by the tractor.
(2) Note. A means for feeling an obstruction and merely
guiding or directing an implement to avoid such obstruction
is not included in this definition. Such means are found in
subclass 233. Also, an apparatus comprising merely a tool
which shifts on meeting an obstruction is not included.
(3) Note. In connection with section (3) of the above
definition the device must have some anchor, ground
supporting feet or earth penetrating pilot in addition to the
earth working means. However, the pilot may itself have some
earth working function.
(4) Note. In connection with section (4) of the definition,
in order to come within the definition an apparatus must have
an element which does not support any substantial weight and
which does not have an earth working function and is
disclosed as intended to contact a channel or shoulder made
on a previous pass of the apparatus or some other apparatus.
A landslide of a plow or the like is not classified under
this definition unless it is disclosed as specially intended
to be used to guide the apparatus along a previously made
shoulder since a landslide which inherently could be used to
guide an apparatus along a shoulder is very common in this
art.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, subclass 169 for railroad rolling stock or
track type apparatus claiming an earth working implement by
name only and concerned with means for reciprocating the
implement across a field, and subclass 244.1 for means
coacting with a furrow for guiding a vehicle or implement
claimed by name only.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 400+ for a motor vehicle
steered by means extending from a post fixed in a field.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclasses 264+ for apparatus for hauling or
hoisting a load including a driven device which contacts and
pulls on a cable when the load is moved.
901, Robots, subcollection 14+ for the movement in space of a
robot arm about its base.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus in
which the earth working means is guided in a rotary path by a
fixed vertical member not forming a part of the apparatus
(e.g., tree or stake).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for an implement rotatable about a vertical axis and
carrying an anchor or feet to prevent translational movement
of the apparatus.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus in
which the earth working means is rotated about an upright
axis while the apparatus is anchored to or supported on the
ground so as to prevent translational movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for an implement attached to or guided in a rotary path
by a fixed vertical member (e.g., tree or stake).
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus
comprising a means which is adapted to contact an elongated
shoulder or channel on or in the ground in order to guide the
apparatus.
(1) Note. See (4) Note of subclass 23 for limitations
applicable to this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for a lawn edger which may be guided by the edge of a
pavement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, for railway grading apparatus guided by a
surface truck.
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for a vehicle guided by a
furrow feeler. The vehicle may be an implement claimed by
name only.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 47 for a
surface object or ground contour engaging guide means which
shifts the unearthing unit bodily with respect to the frame
in a generally horizontal plane.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 401 for a motor vehicle
provided with steering gear which includes a land based
steering datum and means on the vehicle for sensing the
datum, which means cooperates with a steering motor on the
vehicle for the purpose of controlling the course of the
vehicle.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 87.2 for a land vehicle of the
wheeled type provided with means whereby one or more of its
wheels may be steered by an occupant and wherein the steering
means controls also a wheel offset from the principal
supporting wheels of the vehicle but which, by its own
turning (i.e., pivotable) movement, is able to effect turning
movement of certain of the principal wheels; and subclass 776
for a wheeled vehicle of the occupant steered type wherein
bias means is provided for maintaining a steerable wheel in
engagement with an elongate, more or less vertical surface
(e.g., a curb) for a vehicle-steering purpose.
Subclass:
26.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus
comprising a scraper that is adapted to be connected by a
cable or the like flexible means to a fixed structure so as
to be driven relative to said structure.
(1) Note. The scraper in this definition comprises an
approximately vertically disposed blade for smoothing the
earth or for cutting into the earth and pushing earth ahead
of it in order to move the material from one location to
another. The disclosed use may be for scraping earth beneath
a body of water or scraping material from a vertical wall.
The blade may have spaced teeth, though usually it has a
straight edge.
(2) Note. Patents are considered to come under this
definition if they are disclosed as intended to be used with
a fixed structure, no special limitation being required in
the claims. Use with a fixed structure is considered to be
established if it is clear from the disclosure that the
scraper is dragged back as well as forward by a cable or the
like and there is nothing in the disclosure inconsistent with
the cable or the like for forward motion being a drag line.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 394+, for cable- operated
excavating apparatus comprising more than a scraper, per se,
and nominally recited hauling cables or like flexible means
connected thereto, subclasses 398+ for cable operated wheeled
scoops and subclasses 398+ for cable operated scoops. A scoop
differs from a scraper in that it has a bottom wall which
carries material to be transported, whereas a scraper relies
on the surface over which it is moving to support material
which it is transporting.
Subclass:
26.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 26.5. Apparatus in
which the scraper is adapted to be pulled in opposite
directions by the cable or flexible means and in which some
portion of the scraper apparatus is caused to move to and
remain at a different position relative to some other portion
when the direction of pull is reversed.
(1) Note. The relative movable portion of the scraper
apparatus must comprise more than a mere continuation of the
flexible means, such as a bail.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working means in combination
with an independent spaced means for severing or shredding
crops without disturbing the soil, said independent means
being used simultaneously with said earth working means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for a driven earth working element with a cleaner spaced
from the ground surface.
66 for earth working elements with a cooperating driven
cleaner which may act to sever vines or vegetation collected
on the implement.
subclasses 606+ and the subclasses there noted, for earth
working elements with relatively movable cutting or cleaning
means to remove vegetation or debris that has collected on
the implement.
subclasses 681+ especially subclass 752 for earth working
elements having sharpened edges or portions which may serve
to sever crops or vegetation coming in contact with the
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for plant severing or
shredding means, per se, which do not disturb the earth.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 5 for
unearthing devices with additional vertical cutter for
vegetation.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus in
which the plant severing or shredding means is driven with a
regular cyclic motion relative to its support or frame by a
power means in addition to the motion imparted directly to
the means by the translation of the device as a whole as it
is moved across the surface of the ground being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 35+ for driven earth working elements or
cleaners.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working means combined with
means (e.g., a rack) for shifting material lying on the
surface of the soil which has not been disturbed by the
earthworking means without disturbing the soil, said shifting
means being used simultaneously with said earth working
means.
(1) Note. Living plants, e.g., vines, are not included. Also
dead plants which are still standing, e.g., corn stalks, are
not included. See subclasses 514+ and 517 for plant
deflectors for handling such material. Also, devices which
merely clean or remove material from earth working elements
are not included, see subclasses 39 and 66 for driven
cleaners and subclasses 606+ and the subclasses there noted
for non driven cleaners.
(2) Note. For patents to be classified under this definition
the means to shift surface material must be disclosed as
solely for such purpose. An earth working implement which may
be adjusted to travel above the surface of the ground to
shift surface material is not included.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for rakes or
gatherers, per se, or combined with harvesting means, and
subclass 400.04 for hand rakes combined with earth working
elements.
111, Planting, subclass 139 for a trash control accessory
claimed in combination with a planting machine.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 19 for
unearthing devices with rake or lateral deflector for ground
contacting recovered objects.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Apparatus in
which the means for shifting surface material is driven with
a regular cyclic motion relative to its support or frame by a
power means in addition to the motion imparted directly to
the means by the translation of the device as a whole as it
is moved across the surface of the ground being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 35+ for driven earth working elements or
cleaners.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Apparatus in
which the earth working means includes at least one earth
engaging blade extending laterally of the direction of travel
and being either reciprocable vertically to perform a cutting
function or being attached to a rotary carrier which is
rotated due to the resistance of the earth as the apparatus
is moved over the earth.
(1) Note. The earth engaging blade need not extend the 90
deg. with respect to the line of travel, but may be oblique
with respect thereto.
(2) Note. Most of these devices are stalk choppers and the
function of the blade is mainly to cut stalks.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working means and a means for
acting on the earth severed from the ground or loosened by
the earth working means to classify, separate or assort it
according to its physical characteristics and return at least
a portion of such earth to the ground.
(1) Note. The classifying, assorting, or separating means
must be in addition to and distinct from the earth working
means which severs the material from the ground.
(2) Note. The classifying, assorting, or separating means is
generally of the type found, per se, in Class 209,
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids.
(3) Note. A mere pulverizing or comminuting is not
considered separating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
511 for fenders for preventing soil thrown about by the
apparatus from contacting plants, the fender being of the
perforated or screening type to permit fine soil to pass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate
subclasses for means for unearthing plants or objects from
the ground and separating them from the earth. The subject
matter of Class 171 is characterized by means which
discriminate between an object and the earth. In Class 172
the discrimination is between different portions of the earth
itself, as between large clods or granules and small clods or
granules. For example, a Class 172 device may separate large
granules of earth mixed with stones from small granules of
earth, while a Class 171 device would separate stones from
earth.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 7+ for apparatus for mining material followed by
separation.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working means combined with a
power driven means for handling the earth after it has been
severed from the ground or loosened by the earth working
means.
(1) Note. Where the power driven means not only handles the
earth but performs a substantial earth working function the
apparatus is classifiable in subclasses 35+.
(2) Note. The power driven handling means may comprise for
example a conveyer for moving the earth or a means for
turning a furrow slice.
(3) Note. A power driven cleaner or comminutor which merely
separates earth from an implement without conveying it to a
distance is not considered to come within this definition.
Such devices may be found in subclass 66.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for
working earth or snow and conveying it away for the purpose
of making an excavation or the like.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus, other than hand held devices, so arranged that the
whole apparatus may be turned upside down so as to work the
earth in that position in addition to its ability to work the
earth in its original right side up position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for diverse tools useable alternately only.
241 for an apparatus inverted to engage a ground support
with the ground.
subclasses 371+ for hand tools which may be used in an
inverted position.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which a power means is provided to move an earth
working element with a regular cyclic motion relative to its
support independently of or in addition to the motion
imparted directly to said element by the translation of the
device as a whole as it is moved across the surface of the
ground being treated.
(1) Note. The moving means may employ a resilient element or
gravity return arrangement during a portion of the movement.
(2) Note. The power means may comprise (1) a prime mover
such as an engine or motor (2) a drive from a supporting
wheel (other than where there is an integral wheel and earth
working element or direct coupling therebetween) or (3) a
manual means to continuously rotate the earth working
element.
(3) Note. Where no more of the driving means for a driven
earth working element is claimed than the driven shaft which
supports said element the patent has been construed as a
rotary implement subcombination, equally useful as a driven
or a rolling earth working element and has been classified in
subclasses 518+ unless (1) the claimed structure, attitude,
or relation of the element to the ground or to an adjacent,
cooperating implement would require a drive means to operate
it in the manner disclosed or (2) unless a disclosed drive
means (more than a shaft) is claimed either broadly or
specifically.
(4) Note. Driven earth working elements as contemplated by
this definition usually engage earth which is either
undisturbed or which rests on undisturbed earth immediately
after it has been treated by another implement. As an
exception to the above, driven elements which (1) are
contiguous to a ground treating implement to clean it or (2)
which are disposed in the path of the furrow slice or earth
stream leaving the implement to pulverize said earth have
been classified as driven earth engaging elements in
subclasses 39, 50+, 66, and 67.
(5) Note. Provision of power means to shift an otherwise
undriven earth working element at the option of the operator
has not been considered to result in a driven earth working
element for this definition in the absence of a regular and
cyclic motion. For actuators for shifting earth working
elements see subclass 663 and the subclasses there noted.
(6) Note. Some drive connections to an earth working element
actually retard the element and constrain it to rotate at a
speed slower than that at which it would roll on the ground.
Patents claiming such drives have been classified in this and
indented subclasses provided that the drive is capable of
positively rotating the element if it were not in contact
with the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for driven implements with automatic power
control, especially subclass 5 for such implements with
obstruction sensing means.
subclasses 15+ for a lawn edger with a driven cutter.
subclasses 19+ for driven sod cutters.
21 for driven lawn aerators.
28 for an earth working implement with adriven means for
cutting or shredding plants without soil disturbance.
30 for an earth working implement with a driven means for
shifting surface material without soil disturbance.
32 for an implement comprising a driven tool with means for
separating earth after earth working.
33 for a power driven moldboard, conveyer, or handler.
subclasses 236+ for an implement with a ground engageable
draft responsive lever.
292 for specific propelling means for traversing an
implement over the ground.
subclasses 518+ for rolling, rotating or orbitally moving
tools, no detail of a drive for the tool being claimed. See
(3) Note of this definition (35).
subclasses 663+ and the subclasses there noted for power
driven actuators for tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate
subclasses for analogous apparatus used for cleaning.
30, Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for general utility
cutting implements which may be power operated.
56, Harvesters, subclass 10.1 for motor driven harvesters
and subclasses 500+ for stalk choppers for cutting dead crop
material.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 11+ for power
take-offs and subclass 16 for portable assemblies for driving
auxiliary attachments.
111, Planting, subclass 113, 122, and 158+ for power-operated
rotary furrow openers claimed in combination with planting or
soil treating devices.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate
subclasses, for analogous apparatus used for unearthing
plants or buried objects.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a
means to drive or impact a tool, and particularly subclasses
184+ for such means mounted on a wheeled vehicle. Class 172
has not been cleared as to conflicting subject matter with
Class 173, therefor a disclosed use as a drive for an
agricultural earth working tool will cause classification in
Class 172.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses
for analogous apparatus used for boring small diameter holes
in the earth, for example, for artesian wells, oil wells,
post holes, or the like.
180, Motor Vehicles, especially subclass 20 for motor
vehicles with rollers, and subclasses 53.1+ for a motor
vehicle in which the motor is used as a source of external
power to drive an external device. The line between Classes
172 and 180 as to this subject matter is that Class 172 will
take a patent in which (1) the external device is claimed as
being an earth working implement or (2) the claim includes an
external device and the sole specific disclosure relates to
an earth working implement, or (3) the external device is
claimed by name only and there is also claimed a means for
manipulating the device relative to the motor vehicle in a
manner consistent with the manner in which an earth working
implement would be manipulated.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 29+ for a hard material disintegrating machine
having a driven cutter and particularly subclasses 36.1+ for
such a machine described as working on a hard, solid floor or
road surface.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 122+,
for a rotating drum, roller, or tire means to compact the
earth and drive means therefore. See search notes thereunder
for similar devices.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which plural earth working elements or parts thereof are
located below the surface of the ground and are relatively
moved by a power means in such fashion that they periodically
engage each other and then separate in order to cut or pinch
subsurface material or growths.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is mounted for motion in a
circular path and is disclosed as being moved in said path by
an attendant, in normal use, through an arc of over 360
degrees.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 329+ for implements which are supported,
propelled, guided or held in position by an attendant but are
not otherwise driven.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a driven earth working element is secured to or carried
by a supporting member movably mounted on a main vehicular
frame, there being a means on said member or said earth
working element adapted to engage a plant, tree, post, or
like obstruction in the normal path of traverse of the driven
earth working element over the ground to thereby shift or
permit a shifting of the driven earth working element out of
the path of traverse to clear the obstruction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 5+ for earth working apparatus in which the
operation of the device is controlled automatically by
sensing an obstruction or plant.
subclasses 23+ for earth working apparatus which is
controlled by a prepositioned stake, cable, etc.
subclasses 233+ for nondriven implements with obstruction
feelers for moving or releasing the implement to avoid the
obstruction.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is mounted on a
support which is provided with a means which is spaced from
the original surface of the undisturbed ground and which
means is disposed and adapted either (1) to remove earth from
an element to be cleaned, or (2) to engage and chop up a
slice of earth proceeding from the driven earth working
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for earth working means combined with driven means for
shifting material lying on the surface of the earth without
disturbing the soil, the driven means working on material
which has not collected on the earth working means rather
than on material which is on parts or portions of said earth
working means.
49 for a plurality of driven rotary ground engaging tools
which cooperate or intermesh one with the other.
66 for driven members which engage a nondriven earth working
tool to clean the same or to comminute a furrow slice turned
thereby, and 558+ and 606 for nondriven cleaners for non
drive tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 24 for
unearthing devices with comminuting or multiple cutting of
recovered plant.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which an earth working element, or a portion thereof, is
driven so that it has a motion of small amplitude (i.e., it
vibrates).
(1) Note. Generally, the implement is driven by reaction
forces produced by the rapid rotation of an off-center or
unbalanced mass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 61+ for intermittent drives for tools.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a power driven earth working element is adapted to be
entirely supported and manipulated by an attendant.
(1) Note. The power supplying means may be supported in any
manner desired as on a vehicle, on the ground or carried by
the operator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for a tool which is continuously manually rotated by an
attendant.
370 for nondriven tools with attendant attaching means.
subclasses 371+ for hand held nondriven tools.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a driven earth working element is mounted on a frame
which element or frame is provided with a means to enable a
walking attendant to steer, guide or otherwise manipulate the
element or frame, such frame being propelled over the earth
by the attendant, by the earth working element or by a
traction member driven from a prime mover supported on the
frame.
(1) Note. This definition is intended to take those
implements commonly referred to as "garden tillers", "rotary
cultivators" and like devices which traverse the earth and
are guided or manipulated as a unit by a walking attendant,
there being disclosed a means, generally a handle, for
affecting such guiding or manipulation. Devices which are
coupled to a horse or tractor propelling means have been
excluded and will be found in the subclasses hereinbelow
based on the particular tool features or particular
manipulative features of the driven tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 21+ for earth perforator tools of the lawn
aerator type which may be hand guided by a walking attendant,
such devices generally being self propelled over the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 16.7, for a motor-driven lawn mower
that is steered by a walking attendant.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 19.1 for a motor vehicle
steered by a walking attendant.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Apparatus
comprising a frame, a driven tool supported by said frame and
ground support means vertically adjustable relative to the
frame.
(1) Note. For the meaning of adjustable see "adjustable" in
the class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 and 80, for other driven earth working elements combined
with wheel substitutes.
subclasses 387+ for nondriven earth working elements
combined with wheel substitutes.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a driven earth working element in the form of a narrow
elongated shaft or bar is disposed transversely to the line
of draft and is rotatably supported wholly below the surface
of the earth.
(1) Note. The usual purpose of the subsurface rotary shafts
of this subclass is to stir up the soil usually to loosen
weeds.
(2) Note. The elongated rod may be articulated or provided
with projecting elements such as teeth.
(3) Note. The rod is generally rotatably supported at the
lower end of "gooseneck" type standards and there may be a
number of such standards some rotatably supporting the rod
and others disposed forwardly of or to the rear of the rod
and carrying at the lower ends thereof earth working teeth
such as plows, chisels, etc.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a tooth, tine or like earth working part is so freely
pivotally mounted on a driven rotary carrier that during
carrier rotation centrifugal forces cause the free end of
said tooth, tine, or like to swing to a radial position
relative to the axis of rotation of such carrier.
(1) Note. This definition includes teeth or tines which are
freely pivotally connected to a rotary carrier by means of a
flexible chain.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 91+ for other teeth, tines or like earth working
parts which are movably mounted on a driven carrier, the
movement being caused (1) by a drive means or (2) by flexure
of a resilient tooth, tine or like earth working part on
encountering an overload or (3) by the turning of a rolling
blade when the same contacts the ground.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which two or more earth working elements are journaled in a
frame for movement in circular paths about a common axis of
rotation, the drive means for such earth working elements
being so arranged that said elements rotate in reverse
directions relative to each other.
Subclass:
47
With specific relationship of mast type hitch (i.e., three
point hitch) to implement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the driven earth-working element is part of an
implement associated with a three point hitch (mast-type
hitch) wherein significance is attributed to the cooperation
of the implement with the hitch, or the implement includes a
mounting for an additional three point hitch at the rear
thereof for connection to another implement.
(1) Note. See this class, subclass 439, the definition and
notes thereunder for a definition of a mast-type hitch.
Subclass:
48
Plural driven tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus
employing a plurality of separate earth working elements or
groups of elements, each of which is driven so as to move
with respect to one another during operation, and each of
which is connected, through a linkage, to a drive means that
drives the tool in a predetermined manner.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents wherein the tools are
driven by a common driving element such as a drive chain or
camshaft, and those wherein the tools are mounted on shafts
connected to individual gears of a row of intermeshing
gears.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 84+ for plural earth working elements which are
alternately raised from and lowered into the ground in a
"hoeing" or "spading" type movement.
subclasses 91+ for an earth working implement comprising a
carrier means such as a chain or wheel which forms the
support for earth-engaging teeth and has an orbital movement
while the teeth supported by it also move with respect to
it.
subclasses 96+ for a tool having multiple earth-engaging
elements (e.g., elongated teeth) which are mounted on a
single support and (a) are pivoted freely thereon, (b) have a
spring connection thereto, or (c) consist of spring elements
so that they are movable with respect to each other, but not
in a predetermined manner.
100 for an earth working implement in which a plurality of
teeth or like earth working parts or portions are mounted on
a flexible or articulated member which is driven in a closed
path or circuit relative to a frame upon which said teeth,
parts, or portions and member are supported.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, subclass 52, and see the
search notes therein for a single advance causing or
controlling means or manipulating means for plural tool
drives.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in
which separate earth working elements travel in circular
paths in contact with the earth and in which (1) said paths
intersect and overlap or (2) said earth working elements are
disposed immediately adjacent each other to cooperate in
treating the intermediate earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for driven earth working elements which cooperate in the
manner of shears or nippers under the surface of the earth.
Subclass:
49.5
Rotating about vertical axes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus in
which the axes, about which the earth working elements
travel, are disposed in a generally vertical direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents whose sole specific
disclosure is to an implement in which the elements cooperate
to work a continuous strip of soil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for patents in which the tools, as disclosed, are
laterally spaced so as to leave a strip of unworked soil
between the tools.
111 for patents wherein a single tool, rotating about a
vertical axis, is disclosed and claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 160 for a power- driven earth
working tool, rotatable about a vertical axis, which is
claimed in combination with a planting machine.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus which
include a plurality of driven earth working elements which
are not identical.
(1) Note. Differences in size or shape constitute matter for
this definition but mere differences in rotary displacement
(phase), position or attitude are excluded and are classified
in a pertinent subclass herebelow on the basis of the
features of each individual earth working element. For
example, mirror images are not considered to be differences
of shape.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus in
which each of the diverse driven earth working elements moves
through at least a complete turn in a circular path about an
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for similar arrangements wherein a rotary tool is driven
by a diverse rolling tool.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Apparatus in
which the axes of rotation of the diverse earth working
elements are parallel to each other.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus in
which at least one of the driven, diverse earth working
elements is moved back and forth in a straight line path.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus in
which at least one of the driven, diverse earth working
elements is moved back and forth through an arcuate path.
Subclass:
54.5
Tool reciprocates or oscillates within a generally horizontal
plane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are moved back and forth
either in a generally straight-line path, or in a generally
arcuate path, or both, within a generally horizontal plane.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in
which the plural driven earth working elements consist of two
or more groups of earth working elements, each group
comprising a plurality of generally circular platelike
members handled as a unit.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in
which the plural driven earth working elements are
individually spaced both laterally and in the direction of
draft or travel.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in
which the plural driven earth working elements individually
spaced transversely of the direction of travel.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus in
which the axes of cyclic movement of the spaced earth working
elements are parallel to each other and to the direction of
draft.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus in
which the axes of cyclic movement of the spaced earth working
elements are parallel to each other and are disposed
perpendicular to the earth's surface.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus in
which the axes of cyclic movement of the spaced earth working
elements are coaxial or parallel to each other and are
diposed perpendicular to the direction of draft.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a power drive to an earth working element is
periodically interrupted.
(1) Note. Such intermittent drives generally employ
mutilated or interrupted gears or cam operated drive
clutches.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for subsurface shears or nippers which comprise earth
working portions which are periodically brought into
engagement one with the other and then separated in order to
cut or pinch subsurface material or growth, the means for
imparting such movement generally being a power drive which
is periodically interrupted.
40 for a vibrating earth working element.
90 for an apparatus supported by an irregular or off center
ground wheel or support which gives an intermittent motion to
an earth working element.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Apparatus in
which movement of the earth working element through the power
drive portion of its cycle effects a loading of a resilient
means which means then effects movement of the earth working
element to its initial position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for subsurface shear or nipper-type tools wherein plural
earth working elements or parts thereof are moved toward or
away from each other by a positive drive means having a
spring device as part thereof.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus which
have a plurality of earth working elements, one of said
elements being driven by a power driven means while another
of said elements is not connected to said drive.
(1) Note. The nondriven earth working element may be fixed
relative to the driven element (such as a plow, harrow, drag,
scraper or knife) or may be a rolling earth working element
such as a disk or roller.
(2) Note. The nondriven earth working element may be a
ground contacting part or portion of a hood or shield for a
driven earth working element provided such part or portion is
specifically designed to work the earth; e.g., hoods with
scraping, leveling, or smoothing blades or edges and hoods
with depending crust breaking teeth are included under this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for the combination of a nondriven plow with a power
operated moldboard adapted to remove the furrow turned by the
plow.
80 for driven earth working elements combined with wheel
substitutes, i.e., runners or other ground contacting
supporting means other than wheels, which perform no
substantial earth working function.
subclasses 133+ for a plurality of nondriven earth working
elements which are different one from the other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 24 for
unearthing devices with comminuting or multiple cutting of
recovered plant.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which the nondriven earth working element is provided for
forming a furrow or irrigation ditch and the driven earth
working element is provided for disposing earth across said
furrow or ditch to thereby block or interrupt the same in
order to form therein a series of basins spaced from each
other by interposed dams.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for nondriven furrow openers followed by intermittently
rolling ditch blockers.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which earth working portions of the non driven earth working
elements intermesh or interdigitate with earth working
portions of the driven earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for a plurality of driven, rotary earth working elements
which are disposed in intermeshing relation to each other.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is disposed in contact
with or along side of and within the confines of a fixed or
rolling earth working element in order, for example, to clean
the latter or to treat a furrow slice passing between the two
earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for earth working means combined with driven means for
shifting material lying on the surface of the earth without
disturbing the soil, the driven means working on material
which has not collected on the earth working means rather
than on material which has already collected on parts or
portions of said earth working means.
39 for cleaners or comminutors which are spaced above the
original surface of the undisturbed ground and which
cooperate with driven earth working elements.
558 and 606, for devices or machines for scraping the soil
from earth working elements.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which the nondriven earth working element is in the form of a
surface adapted to pick up earth and guide it to a driven
earth working element which pulverizes said earth.
(1) Note. The guide surface may be in the form of a trough,
grate, ramp, or tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 (and see the Notes thereunder) for power driven conveyers
which handle severed earth materials after they leave the
earth working elements.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is associated with a
nondriven earth working element which is freely journaled on
a support in a manner to contact the ground and to be rotated
by the resistance thereof as the latter element traverses a
field.
(1) Note. Said nondriven earth working element may be a
disk, roller or toothed drum but a rolling member disclosed
as a mere support is excluded.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is actuated by a power
transmission means other than a mere rigid or articulated
shaft which means is interposed between the driven earth
working element and the rolling earth working element in such
manner that in the disclosed use of the device the flow of
power is always from the rolling earth working element to the
driven earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
520 for rolling tools which are on different axes and in
mutual driving relationship.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is disposed between a
first forwardly positioned nondriven earth working element
and a second rearwardly positioned nondriven earth working
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 145+ for three or more diverse tools following
the same path, all of such tools being nondriven earth
working tools.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which the nondriven earth working element follows the path of
the driven earth working element.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Apparatus in
which the nondriven earth working element comprises a
ground-engaging forming member having a lower surface shape
which is substantially flat or horizontal or which is
upwardly concave to form a cross sectional configuration
which is desired to be imparted to the disturbed earth behind
the driven earth working element.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is positioned to
engage the earth in an area laterally and longitudinally of
the area in which a nondriven earth working element engages
the earth.
(1) Note. The driven earth working element generally works a
plant row which row is undisturbed in the sense of not being
broken, pulverized, tilled, or the like, however, the
nondriven earth working element or elements may hill earth
onto or scrape earth from the plant row before the driven
earth working element engages the same.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the means for transmitting power from a power source to
the driven earth working element is provided with a power
take-off for adjusting the position of the earth working
element relative to the earth.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 315+ 317+, 321, 322+, 324+, 395+, 439+, and
especially 452+, for power driven means to shift an implement
which is otherwise undriven in order to lift it or move it
for adjustment purposes.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a means is provided to interrupt a power drive to a
driven earth working element simultaneously with a bodily
movement of the element to a different vertical position with
respect to the ground.
(1) Note. The usual purpose of these devices is to stop or
arrest the cyclic motion of the earth working element when it
is lifted to an inoperative position out of contact with the
earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for devices in which the power drive to an earth working
element is interrupted by shifting of said element back or
forth along the line of travel of the device.
103 for overload relief or clutch means for interrupting the
drive to a driven earth working element upon engagement of
such element with an obstruction or as desired by an
attendant.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a driven implement is connected to a vehicle for
vertical movement with respect thereto and is provided with a
ground-contacting supporting member which member moves over
the earth's surface and imparts to said implement a vertical
movement corresponding to the contour of the earth's surface
to thereby maintain the earth working element of the driven
implement at a predetermined working depth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for driven earth working elements which are freely or
yieldably mounted on supporting frames whereby they may move
vertically or laterally relative to said frames, there being
provided no ground supports other than the support afforded
by ground contact of the elements themselves.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus in
which the driven implement is provided with a resilient means
for normally biasing said implement in a vertical plane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for driven tools which are provided with a resilient
means for yieldably biasing the same on a chassis.
497 for nondriven tools which are spring biased in a
vertical plane and which are provided with ground support
means.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus in
which the ground contacting supporting member is adapted to
be vertically adjustably connected to the driven implement
whereby the normal working depth of the earth working element
may be altered by moving said ground-contacting supporting
members from one vertical position to another.
(1) Note. See the class definition for the meaning of
"adjustable".
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus in
which the earth working element of the driven implement is
drivingly connected by a transmission means to a power source
on the vehicle.
(1) Note. The power source of this definition may be a
self-contained prime mover for propelling the vehicle or an
auxiliary self-contained power means; for example, an
auxiliary gasoline or Diesel engine, an electric motor, etc.
The power source does not include a mere power take-off from
a driven or rolling ground wheel of the propelling vehicle.
For such devices see subclasses 76 and 105+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for drive details in the transmission means from a power
source on a vehicle to a driven earth working element carried
thereby.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 45 for a
tractor powered trailing unearthing unit.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus
comprising a runner or other ground contacting supporting
means other than a wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 42+ for driven earth working elements which are
mounted on a frame, the frame being provided with (1) a
ground support means and (2) a means for guiding the same
over the earth by a walking attendant.
76 for driven implements with ground supports and
articulated connections to vehicles.
subclasses 240+ for ground supports for nondriven earth
working tools, which supports only engage the ground while
transporting said tools.
subclasses 387+ for wheel substitutes which are combined
with nondriven earth working elements.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which (1) means are provided to move the above ground
portions of plants and to direct them either towards or away
from a driven earth working element in order to assure that
they are destroyed or preserved, respectively, or (2) means
are provided for protecting the plant against earth moved by
the earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for earth working elements combined with means for
shifting material, such as trash, dead plants, reclining
stalks, etc., lying on the surface of the soil without
disturbing such soil.
517 for plant deflectors, per se.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a driven earth working element which normally travels
in a given path or orbit with respect to a frame which
supports said element is shiftable at the will of the
operator back or forth in the direction in which the frame is
moved across the ground to correspondingly shift the path or
orbit.
(1) Note. The usual purpose of such shifting is to contact
or to avoid contact with certain plants in a row while
"chopping" out excess plants.
(2) Note. The shifting motion must be a rectilinear one
substantially exactly in or parallel to the line of travel to
come under this definition.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus in
which the back or forth shifting movement of the earth
working element is operative to effect a disengagement or
declutching of the drive means to said earth working element
to thereby arrest the cyclic motion of the element while in
said back or forth position.
(1) Note. The usual purpose of these devices is to stop the
cyclic motion of the tool when it has been shifted to a fore
or after position to avoid chopping out or otherwise injuring
a plant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 for driven earth working elements which are mounted for
vertical shifting on a frame, the vertical shifting causing
an interruption of the drive to the elements.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the earth working element comprises at least one tooth
which has an earth-engaging portion and an elongated shank
portion said earth-engaging portion having an oscillating
motion about a point and the point itself having a component
of motion generally parallel to or coinciding with the
longitudinal axis of the shank in addition to the motion
imparted to it by the traverse of the apparatus over the
ground whereby the motion of the earth-engaging portion may
be analyzed as a reciprocation in directions generally
longitudinally of the shank and also an oscillation in
directions generally transversely of the shank.
(1) Note. The earth-engaging portion is usually either
perpendicular to the shank to provide a hoeing action or else
aligned with the shank to provide a spading motion.
(2) Note. An earth working element comprising a carrier
means such as a chain or wheel, for example, which carrier
forms the support for earth-engaging teeth and has an orbital
movement while the teeth supported by it also move with
respect to it is not included. See subclasses 91+ for such
devices.
(3) Note. An earth working element comprising a driven wheel
or like carrier means having movably mounted on the periphery
thereof a blade or like earth working portion, there being
provided a means to swing such blade or portion back and
forth through an arc the center of which arc moves through a
circular path concentric with the circular path of the driven
carrier is not included. See subclass 94 for such elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 99 for a
digger supported and guided for motion in a rectilinear or
curvilinear path.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 8.1 for a motor vehicle having
reciprocating or oscillating leg propulsion means.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is driven in an
endless path or orbit which lies in a plane which is
generally vertical and disposed perpendicularly to the
direction of travel of a frame on which the earth working
element is mounted.
(1) Note. The patents in this and the indented subclasses
are generally directed to devices which hoe transversely
across a row of plants to chop out certain of the plants.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 and 73, for transverse choppers combined with nondriven
earth working elements.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Apparatus in
which the elongated shank portion is driven by plural cranks
or eccentric pins or cams which engage the earth working
element at points which are spaced along said shank portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for other earth working elements having elongated shank
portions driven by plural spaced cranks or eccentric pins or
cams.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Apparatus in
which means are provided to vary the shape or contour of the
path or orbit through which the earth working element is
driven.
(1) Note. A mere incidental change in the shape or contour
of the path or orbit of the element due to the raising or
lowering of the same to vary the working depth thereof or to
raise the same for transport is not included herein. The
claim must set forth means for varying the shape or contour
of the path, which means is independent of the raising and
lowering means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for other earth working elements having elongated shank
portions which are provided with means for varying the shape
or contour of the path or orbit through which said earth
working elements are driven.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in
which the elongated shank portion is driven by plural cranks
or eccentric pins or cams which engage the earth working
element at points which are spaced along said shank portion.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in
which means are provided to vary the shape or contour of the
path or orbit through which the earth working element is
driven.
(1) Note. A mere incidental change in the shape or contour
of the path or orbit of the element due to the raising or
lowering of the same to vary the working depth thereof or to
raise the same for transport is not included herein. The
claim must set forth means for varying the shape or contour
of the path, which means is independent of the raising and
lowering means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for transverse chopper-type earth working elements which
are provided with means for varying the shape or contour of
the path or orbit through which the earth working elements
are driven.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which an earth working element which is supported on a frame
is moved towards and away from the earth by a lifting member
which is rotatably or pivotally supported on an axis on said
frame and has circumferential portions which extend radially
to varying distances from said axis in such fashion that said
lifting member engages the earth and periodically lifts the
frame and the earth working element.
(1) Note. The frame may be a vehicle chassis, all or part of
which is lifted to move the earth working element.
(2) Note. The lifting member may roll on the earth or may be
driven with respect to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 236+ for irregular ground-engaging wheels or
levers which engage the earth to resist motion of the
apparatus thereover, whereby upon a predetermined resistance
relative motion between the wheels or levers and the
apparatus causes a manipulation of the apparatus or a part
thereof, the lever or wheel passing through only a portion of
a cycle i.e., passing through a cycle of less than 360 deg..
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a tooth or like earth working part or portion is
movably supported on a carrier which carrier is driven in a
definite closed path or orbit whereby said tooth, part or
portion moves with respect to said carrier as said carrier
moves through its path or orbit.
(1) Note. A vehicle upon which the tooth or like earth
working part or portion is mounted would not be a "carrier"
for this subclass even if it were steered to travel in a
closed circular path.
(2) Note. A tooth or like earth working part or portion
which can be moved from one position of adjustment to another
on its carrier is not considered "movably mounted" for this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for a tooth or like earth working part or portion which
can be moved from one position of adjustment to another on a
rotary driven carrier.
541 for rolling carriers having movably mounted thereon
teeth or like earth working parts or portions which can be
moved with respect to the rolling carrier from an earth
working position to a position in which the teeth are
prevented from engaging the ground.
545 for rolling carriers having projections on the periphery
thereof which projections move relative to he carriers as
said carriers rotate.
550 for a tooth or like earth working part or portion which
can be selectively moved from one position of adjustment to
another on a rolling carrier means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 89+ for an
earth boring device including a tool element on a
continuously driven flexible or articulated endless member.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in
which a means is provided for positively causing the movement
of the tooth or like earth working part or portion relative
to the carrier as said carrier moves through its path or
orbit.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those earth working
elements having earth working parts or portions which rotate
or move in orbital paths relative to the cyclically driven
carriers on which said parts or portions are mounted.
(2) Note. A mere spring connection between the blade and
carrier for causing movement is not included in this
definition. See subclass 96 for such apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 48+ for a carrier which is itself a separate
earth working element.
546 for rolling carriers having earth working teeth, parts,
or projections on the periphery thereof, there being provided
a means to cause movement of said teeth, parts, or
projections relative to the rolling carriers.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in
which the tooth or like earth working part or portion is
driven in such a fashion that it reciprocates in a straight
line path with respect to the driven carrier upon which it is
mounted.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in
which the tooth or like earth working part or portion is
mounted on a rotating carrier, there being provided a means
for moving said tooth, part, or portion back and forth in an
arcuate path relative to said carrier.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in
which the tooth or like earth working part or portion is
driven with respect to the driven carrier by a cam or crank.
(1) Note. The cam or crank is usually but not necessarily
actuated in response to motion of the carrier.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in
which the tooth or like earth working part or portion is
supported on the driven carrier by means which include a
member which bends or distorts to allow said tooth or like
earth working part or portion to move relative to said
carrier.
(1) Note. The support may comprise a freely bendable
connection or a resilient means adapted to bias the tooth or
like earth working part or portion to a given position and
which means may be employed either with or in lieu of a hinge
connection between the carrier and said tooth, part, or
portion.
(2) Note. The support may be a mere continuation of a spring
formed or flexible blade or blade shank.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for "flail type" tools wherein a tooth or like earth
working part or portion is so pivotally mounted on a driven
rotary carrier that during rotation of said carrier
centrifugal forces cause the free end of said tooth or like
earth working part or portion to swing to a radial position
relative to the axis of rotation of said carrier.
subclasses 261+ for nondriven earth working elements
provided with means permitting the elements to shift with
respect to the earth or a supporting frame when said elements
encounter an overload.
543 for rolling nondriven tools having the teeth or like
earth working parts or portions thereof formed of resilient
material.
subclasses 544+ for rolling nondriven tools in which the
teeth or like earth working parts or portion thereof are
mounted on a spring or are so related to a spring that
relative movement between such teeth, parts or portions and
the rolling supporting structure stresses the spring.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the earth working element or an earth-engaging portion
thereof has different, distinct kinds of motions (such as
reciprocating and rotating) with respect to the earth, these
motions either occurring simultaneously or successively
during the cyclical operation of the earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 91+ for blades or teeth which are movably
mounted on carriers which are also movably mounted so that
said blades or teeth travel in paths determined by the
superposed motions caused by the respective movable
mountings.
101 for earth working elements which move in a guide means
only in a reciprocating path.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a movably supported earth working element which is
driven in a given path or orbit is provided with an actuating
or manipulating means whereby during operation said element
may be shifted at the will of an operator to positions in
which said path or orbit is spaced from its initial position
transversely of the line of travel of the element across the
ground.
(1) Note. The usual purpose of the lateral shifting is to
follow a crooked row of plants or to chop or avoid cutting
out certain plants in a row.
(2) Note. The lateral shifting means may be a handle or foot
lever type attendant operated actuating means which may be
selectively moved from one latched position to another, or a
handle or foot lever type attendant operated manipulating
means which may be moved from one position and held in the
position to which it is moved by continued application of
force on the manipulating means by the attendant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for driven earth working elements which are mounted for
free or yielding movement laterally of the path of travel,
there being provided no attendant operated actuating or
manipulating means for effecting such movement.
subclasses 332+ for nondriven tools which are manipulated
by an attendant to vary their position relative to a
supporting frame.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is swingable on a fixed
radius about a fixed vertical axis in a generally horizontal
plane transversely across the line of travel of said
element.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a tooth or like earth working part or portion is
mounted on a flexible or articulated member which is driven
in a closed path or circuit relative to a frame upon which
said tooth, part, or portion and member are supported.
(1) Note. The flexible or articulated member is generally a
chain or endless belt type carrier to which the tooth, part,
or portion is immovably fixed while said tooth, part, or
portion is actually in ground engagement, but said tooth,
part, or portion may move slightly as said carrier moves
around gears, pulleys, or otherwise changes its direction in
its closed path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for earth working elements towed across a field from a
fixed traction point by a flexible member.
subclasses 91+ for blades which are movably mounted on
belts or chains.
542 for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving nondriven
endless belts or chains having teeth or blades thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 94 for
unearthing unit carried by an endless flexible member.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 89+ for an
earth boring device including a tool element on a
continuously driven flexible or articulated endless member.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, subclasses 187+
for an endless flexible track for a land vehicle, said track
having detachable cleats for penetrating the ground to secure
better traction for the track.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a guide means is provided for constraining an earth
working element to move back and forth in a straight line
path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 and 22, for vertically reciprocating sod cutters.
21 for vertically reciprocating turf perforators which
pierce the soil to aerate the same.
subclasses 61+ for tools which are guided for rectilinear
reciprocation but which are intermittently driven through
their cycle of operation.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Apparatus in
which the guide means limits the movement of the earth
working elements to a path transverse to the direction of
draft and lying in a horizontal plane.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the drive transmission means between a driven earth
working element and its motivating means is provided with a
power transmitting member which (1) slips, bends, breaks,
distorts, or in some other manner allows a relative
displacement between said earth working element and its
motivating means, or (2) can be selectively moved from one
position in which the drive transmission means is interrupted
between the driven earth working element and its motivating
means to another position in which said drive transmission
means is again operative to transmit power directly from the
motivating means to the driven earth working element.
(1) Note. Generally the function of the overload relief
means is to protect the earth working element whenever it
encounters an obstruction, while the clutch functions to
interrupt the power drive to the earth working element
whenever desirable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 for driven earth working elements which are provided with
means to interrupt the power drive to said element upon a
bodily shifting of the same from one vertical position to
another.
83 for driven earth working elements which are provided with
means to interrupt the power drive to said element upon a
bodily shifting of the same back or forth in the direction of
draft.
96 for teeth or like earth working parts or portions which
are yieldably mounted on a power driven cyclic carrier for
motion with respect thereto upon contact by a resisting
member.
117 for means to yieldably support an earth working element
which means may permit the earth working element to rise up
out of contact with an obstruction.
533 for a clutch between a shaft and a rolling, rotating, or
orbitally moving nondriven tool mounted thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 9 for
unearthing devices with drive overload release.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus in
which an overrunning clutch or its equivalent is interposed
between a ground wheel and an earth working element driven
thereby in such a manner that the wheel may drive the earth
working element when said wheel is turning in one direction
but not in the other.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a driven earth working element is mounted in a frame
which is provided with a claimed ground- engaging supporting
wheel and details of a power transmitting means from the
wheel to the earth working element are set out in the
claims.
(1) Note. Mere mention of a transmission between the wheel
and the earth working element or a broad statement of the
type of transmission (e.g., gearing) have not been considered
to involve detailed structure which would require
classification under this definition since traction drives of
this type are very common in the art.
(2) Note. The wheel may itself be driven by power applied to
it or may be a freely rolling wheel. In the case of a driven
wheel the wheel must be interposed in the path of power from
the source to the earth working element to come under this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for "rod weeder" type implements which may be positively
driven from a ground wheel on the weeder supporting frame.
subclasses 61+ for earth working elements which may be
intermittently driven from a rolling or driven ground wheel,
such intermittent drive generally being from several pins or
other projections which are spaced about the periphery of the
wheel or from mutilated gears or cam operated drive clutches
which are operatively associated with the wheel.
69 and the Note thereunder for earth working elements which
are driven by nondriven earth working elements as the latter
roll over the ground.
subclasses 103+ for earth working elements which may be
driven from a rolling or driven ground wheel and which
include in the drive transmission from such wheel an overload
relief or clutch means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 108 for
traction wheel drive for an unearthing unit part.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 337+ for transmission
mechanisms for driven ground wheels.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 439+ for a
wheel operated motion or draft responsive load handler.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus in
which the drive interposed between the earth working element
and a wheel includes an endless flexible force transmitting
member.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is driven about an axis which
is parallel to the ground and is additionally located in a
plane which is generally parallel to the direction of travel
of the earth working element over the ground.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those earth working
elements which oscillate about a longitudinal axis generally
back and forth across a crop row, for example, for thinning
out or chopping cotton plants.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 5+ for "cotton chopper" type tools which may be
driven to oscillate or rotate about a horizontal longitudinal
axis and in which the operation of said tool is further under
the control of a sensing means.
58 for a plurality of laterally spaced tools each driven
about a longitudinal axis.
subclasses 63+ especially subclasses 70 and 73 for driven
tools which may move about a longitudinal axis and which in
addition, are combined with one or more non-driven tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 97 for a
rotary digger driven about a horizontal longitudinal axis.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 39.1 for a floor working hard material
disintegrating machine having a driven rotary cutter.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element rotates about an
axis.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus in
which the rotary earth working element includes a tooth or
like earth working part or portion whose relative position on
the hub or supporting portion of said element may be
adjusted.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable", see the class
definition.
(2) Note. This definition is intended to embrace those
rotary earth working elements in which a tooth or like earth
working part or portion thereof may be changed from one
position of adjustment to another, such tooth, part, or
portion being locked in each selected position of
adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for earth working elements wherein the tooth or like
earth working parts or portions thereof are flexibly or
yieldably moved from one position to another on the
supporting hub or carrier of said elements.
550 for rolling earth working elements having peripherally
spaced thereon and adjustably secured thereto a plurality of
teeth, blades, or the like earth working parts or portions.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is driven about an axis which
is generally perpendicularly disposed relative to the
ground.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those earth working
elements which oscillate about a vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 48+ especially subclass 59, for a plurality of
tools each of which is provided with a separate individual
drive means for causing the same to move about a vertical
axis.
subclasses 522+ for nondriven tools of the rolling,
rotating, or orbitally moving type which move about a
vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 41.1 for a floor working hard material
disintegrating machine driving a substantially vertical axis
cutter.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is rotatably driven about a
vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 160 for a power driven earth working
tool, rotatable about a vertical axis, which is claimed in
combination with a planting machine.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 170+ for a
drive for an earth boring tool, and including a drive for a
vertical axis rotary-type earth boring tool which may be
manipulatively mounted on a wheeled vehicle.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is provided with a
guard or baffle means disposed in the path of material thrown
from said element generally to intercept said material and
alter the course or path of flow thereof to thereby cause
said material to be deposited in a position or location other
than that which said material would have assumed without said
baffle means.
(1) Note. This definition includes hoods or like housings or
enclosures against the inner surfaces of which unearthed
material from a driven earth working element is impinged to
break up clods or lumps of said material.
(2) Note. This definition is intended to take those patents
in which the shield or deflector is disposed on or above the
original ground surface and performs no earth working
function except that incidental to shielding or deflecting
the driven earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for screens and the like, placed in the path along which
unearthed material emerges from an earth working element to
separate constituent portions of said material.
subclasses 63+ for nondriven tools combined with driven
earth working elements which tools may be in the form of
hoods or shields provided with ground contacting parts or
portions designed to perform an earth working function such,
for example, as leveling or further pulverizing the earth
proceeding from the driven implement, or breaking or
scratching the earth's crust prior to working thereof by said
driven earth working elements.
72 for leveling drags or plates which follow the driven
earth working element and level or shape the soil redeposited
on the earth by said element.
subclasses 508+ for guards or shields for nondriven earth
working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 112 for
an unearthing unit provided with a protective guard or
casing.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Apparatus in
which the baffle or guard means acts on the material flowing
from the driven earth working element to deflect said
material laterally of the direction of draft of said
element.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus
comprising a motor or motor actuated means for traversing a
driven earth working element over the ground.
(1) Note. Self-propelled or tractor-propelled implements are
common in this art. Hence for a patent to be classified under
this definition, the propulsion means must be recited in some
detail, and the mere recitation of a motor is not enough.
However, a broad reference to a wheel substitute such as a
tracklaying means on a tractor is sufficient. Also a
recitation of a relationship with a propulsion means such as
the statement that an implement hitch arm is connected to a
differential housing (as distinct from merely a "rear axle
housing") is enough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for self-propelled or tractor-propelled devices wherein
the earth working element is driven from a rolling or a
driven ground wheel of said device.
292 for specific propulsion means for non-driven earth
working elements, and see the Search Class Notes thereunder
for appropriate fields of search in Class 74, Machine Element
or Mechanism, Class 180, Motor Vehicles, and Class 305, Wheel
Substitutes for Land Vehicles.
352 for manually driven stepper-type propulsion means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for specific
propelling means for motor vehicles.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is used to steer the
apparatus in the desired direction as it traverses the
ground.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus in
which (1) the sole means disclosed for traversing the
apparatus over the ground is the driven earth working element
and the apparatus is not disclosed as being guided by a
walking attendant or (2) the driven earth working element
aids in traversing the apparatus over the ground or is the
sole means for traversing the apparatus over the ground and
there is a significant recitation in a claim indicating this
fact.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is so mounted on a
supporting frame that during normal operation said earth
working element can (1) move freely relative to said frame,
or (2) can move against the action of a biasing member which
generally urges said earth working element into a
predetermined position.
(1) Note. This definition includes lateral as well as
vertical movement, and the tool need not be capable of
universal movement but such tool may move in a guide way or
the like even though the amplitude of the movement may be
limited by stop means.
(2) Note. The movement of the tool relative to the frame as
contemplated by this definition is a shifting or movement of
the tool from one position to another in the frame, which
movement is above and beyond the motion of the tool as it is
driven through its path or orbit. Such shifting or movement
may be either a translation of the tool as a unit or simply a
pivotal movement of the tool about a fixed axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for a driven implement having a ground support and being
jointedly connected to a vehicle there being additionally
provided a resilient means for normally biasing the implement
in a vertical plane.
96 for teeth or like earth working parts or portions which
are yieldably mounted on a power driven carrier for motion
with respect thereto.
subclasses 98+ for earth working elements which are
provided with a means whereby an attendant can selectively
vary the lateral position of said elements during normal
operation.
subclasses 497+ for an actuator adapted to lift a nondriven
tool for transport on a wheeled vehicle, there being provided
a resilient means for biasing the tool to a predetermined
position but permitting the same to yield on overload or the
like.
subclasses 501+ for an actuator adapted to lift a nondriven
tool for transport on a wheeled frame, there being provided a
lost motion connection between the actuator and tool whereby
during earth working said tool is free to move relative to
said actuator or frame.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is driven about an axis which
is parallel to the ground or disposed at an angle relative to
the ground and is additionally located in a plane which is
transverse to the direction of travel of the earth working
element.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those earth working
elements which are driven to and fro in an arcuate path about
an axis extending transversely to the direction of draft;
e.g., oscillating hoes and choppers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 61+ for earth working elements which are
intermittently driven back and forth in an oscillatory path
about an axis that is disposed transversely to the
direction.
124 for earth working elements which are disposed at an
angle other than 90 deg. to the direction of draft as viewed
in plan.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 98 for a
rotary digger driven about a longitudinal transverse axis.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 25+ for an ice working device having a driven
cutter, and subclasses 39.1+ for a floor working hard
material disintegrating machine having a rotary cutter.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in
which an earth working element which is driven about an axis
transverse to the direction of travel is provided either with
(1) a radially protruding ridge or sharpened plate or (2) a
row of radially projecting prongs, which ridge, plate or row
lies along a line which exends both longitudinally and
circumferentially of a surface of revolution, such as a
cylinder or cone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
532 for nondriven earth working elements which are provided
with screw or spiral arranged teeth, or like earth working
parts or portions.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in
which an earth working element which is driven about an axis
extending transversely to the direction of travel is in the
form of a generally circular member which may be either flat
or dished.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for plural groups of driven disks.
subclasses 518+ for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving
disc or planar cutter-type tools.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element includes a laterally
extending bar or earth working part or portion held on a
rotatable support by openwork or by spaced supporting means.
(1) Note. The overall appearance of these earth working
elements is very similar to that of a conventional lawn
mower.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
552 for nondriven earth working elements having laterally
extending blades on skeleton supports.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus which
comprises a relatively large diameter drum or roller-like
member having spaced about the periphery thereof a plurality
of teeth, blades, or like earth working parts or portions.
(1) Note. The peripheral surface of the drum should be in
ground contact as distinguished from a small diameter
supporting shaft for teeth, blades, cutters, or like earth
working portions, which shaft would be spaced above the
ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
554 for rolling nondriven tools comprising drums having
axially spaced teeth or blades thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
492, Roll or Roller, subclasses 30+ for a roll, per se, not
elsewhere provided for, having surface projections,
indentations or slits.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is rotatably driven about an
axis extending transversely to the direction of travel.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which the driven earth working element is driven about an
axis which as viewed in plan is disposed at an angle other
than 90 deg. to the direction of draft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for earth working elements which are driven about axes
which are disposed at 90 deg. to the direction of draft.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in
which a mechanical drive feature is significantly claimed,
such as a gearing, universal coupling, bearing, lubrication
means or details of a drive motor.
(1) Note. For classification under this definition a patent
must have a claim which contains some detailed description of
a particular mechanical drive feature. Thus, the mere nominal
inclusion of "a gear", "a universal coupling", "a bearing",
etc., will not suffice, while a more specific identification
of the drive feature such as "a worm gear", "a double clevis
type universal coupling", "a floating roller bearing", etc.,
will suffice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for a clutch or overload release coupling interposed
between an earth working element and a driving means
therefor.
105 for mechanical drive features forming part of a
specialized drive interposed between an earth working element
and a traction and supporting wheel driving the same.
533 for a clutch interposed between a shaft and a rolling
nondriven earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 142 for
details of a drive for a driven unearthing device.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working device in combination
with means for making a mark or on the earth, which mark is
to be used as a sight line for the earth working means on a
subsequent pass over the field.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to include marking
devices disclosed as mounted on some earth working means
(e.g., a planter) even if the earth working means is claimed
only as a support. However, devices for making a mark in the
earth disclosed as independent instrumentalities not mounted
on some principal earth working means are treated as if they
themselves were earth working devices (which they are since
they mark the earth) and are classified in appropriate
subclasses below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 133+ for diverse earth working elements.
subclasses 204+ for earth working elements alternating for
right or left hand operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 18.1 for scribers of
general utility comprising mechanically guided relatively
traveling means for scratching or scoring lines.
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for
guiding a vehicle along the furrow.
111, Planting, subclasses 25+ for means, combined with or
disclosed in combination with a planter, for intermittently
marking the earth to indicate seed depositories and subclass
33 for means for intermittently impressing on the ground a
mark, or combinations of such means with means for marking an
unbroken line on a field. A planter claimed by name only,
combined with a marker is classifiable in Class 172.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 6 for
unearthing device with an earth marker.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus
wherein the marker means is designed to make a mark to one
side of the earth working device while the apparatus proceeds
in one direction, and to shift to mark at the other side of
the implement in response to the turning of the apparatus.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus
comprising means for raising the earth working device to a
transport position and means interconnected therewith to
shift the earth marking means with respect to the earth
working device responsive to the raising movement of the
earth working device.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those devices in
which the earth working device and marker are raised as a
unit without relative movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 209+ for apparatus comprising tools alternating
for right or left hand operation, lifting of the apparatus
being interrelated with shifting of the tools.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus in
which the earth working device includes ground-engaging
wheels and the marker means is moved relative to the earth
working device by power derived from rotation of the wheels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
492 and 493, for actuators adapted to lift a tool for
transport wherein power for said actuators is derived from a
continuous source of power.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus
wherein plural markers are provided and interconnected such
that when one marker is adjusted to operative position, the
other marker is simultaneously moved to inoperative
position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for interconnected markers shiftable on turning.
128 for interconnected markers shiftable on lifting the
earth working device.
subclasses 204+ for apparatus comprising earth working
tools alternating for right or left hand operation.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus in
which the markers are mounted at opposite ends of a common
carrying member, the carrying member being movable laterally
to place the markers into alternate operative and inoperative
positions.
(1) Note. The lateral shifting is more than a mere pivoting
movement. The common carrying member is usually moved bodily
in a lateral direction and also pivoted on a longitudinal
axis.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus
having marker means mounted to pivot through approximately
180 deg. about an axis which extends in the direction of
travel of the implement and centrally thereof so as to be
alternately usable on opposite sides of the implements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 224+ for implements alternating for right or
left hand operation which are rotated about a longitudinal
axis from one operative position to the other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for a
vehicle to guide it along a furrow, such followers being
mounted in a manner similar to that of a marker mounting.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising the combination of earth working
elements of different size or shape each working the earth at
the same time or adjustable into earth working position.
(1) Note. The diverse earth working elements must each be
present in the apparatus at the same time, though one may be
removable leaving another.
(2) Note. The diverse earth working elements must be
distinct entities as distinguished from a single unit having
portions of different shape to perform different functions.
For such unitary elements see for example, subclasses 540+. A
single disk is considered a unit. Where one tool or soil
working element (e.g., sweep) is directly mounted upon
another tool or soil contacting element (e.g., cultivator
shovel) or on a common support or frame and for any given
adjusted position (if the two are adjustably connected) could
be made integral and the second element in effect forms a
continuation of the first, for continuous soil contact, this
is considered to be a single tool and is excluded from this
definition.
(3) Note. The combination of a plow and an element for
merely cutting or breaking a furrow slice raised by the plow
is not classified under this definition. For subject matter
of this type see subclass 758.
(4) Note. Where one implement is claimed so broadly that it
can be considered merely a named support for the other, not
distinguishable from a general utility support such as a
vehicle, the device is classified on the basis of the other
implement. See (2) Note in the definition of subclass 452 and
(5) Note in the definition of subclass 669.
(5) Note. Earth working elements which differ merely by
being for right or left hand operation or being mirror images
of one another are not included. See subclasses 204+, 642,
and 686 for such apparatus.
(6) Note. A device comprising an earth working element
mounted on a frame which frame may incidentally contact the
earth and act as an earth leveling member and so be
considered a diverse earth working element is not included
under this definition unless the frame is specifically shaped
or modified to perform said function.
(7) Note. The combination of an implement or implements
having a part rotated by engagement with the soil and a
nonrotating part are included under this definition even
though the parts may be contiguous or form a continuation of
one another if both of said parts perform a substantial earth
working, cutting, or turning function. A plow having a
moldboard which includes rollers or a belt to reduce friction
is not included since the rollers or belts are not considered
to have any substantial earth working function. (See
subclasses 717 and 718). However, a plow having a disk
moldboard is included. (See subclass 167). Also a rotating
tool having a mere scraping element for removing earth from
the tool is not included while a rotating tool having an
adjacent moldboard for turning a slice raised by the tool is
included. (See subclasses 168 and 558+).
(8) Note. A runner or landside directly connected to or
forming a direct rearward continuation of a tool is
considered to be a part of the tool. Thus, if an earth
working blade, sweep, or the like is connected to such a
runner or landside the resultant device is considered to be a
single tool having multiple earth working portions and is not
classified under this definition. See subclasses 728 and 746,
for example. However, if a runner or landside is spaced
rearwardly from a tool and does not form a direct
continuation thereof and has an earth working blade, sweep,
or the like mounted thereon, this is considered to be two
separate tools and classification under this definition
results.
(9) Note. A runner which is not attached to the rear of or
does not form a rearward continuation of a tool and has a
plurality of different type or shape blades or earth working
portions attached thereto rearwardly of its forward end is
considered to be a mere common support for diverse tools and
the resultant apparatus is classified under this definition.
(See subclass 188).
(10) Note. A pair of laterally spaced runners or landsides
with unlike tools mounted thereon and spanning the same is
included under this definition.
(11) Note. Where a nonearth working mounting member for one
tool is directly connected to or carried by the earth working
portion of a diverse tool, patents will be classified under
this definition even if the claims do not recite the tool by
which the member is carried.
(12) Note. This definition includes those devices in which
one of the tools may be solely disclosed as cutting a
vertical slit in the earth merely to prevent side sway or
counterbalance side thrust. (See subclasses 190+).
(13) Note. Where there is combined with an earth working
implement, such as a plow, a separate and distinct member
which receives soil elevated by the implement and acts to
deflect the soil to the side, invert it, etc., the member in
this combination will be considered an earth working tool and
be classified under this definition.
(14) Note. Hand held tools having diverse earth working
portions or elements are not included. See subclasses 371+,
especially subclasses 375 and 378+ for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for a lawn edger with a rolling or driven cutter and a
fixed cutter or furrower.
20 for a sod cutter with a means for transverse cutting
while moving.
34 for an earth working apparatus adapted for use upside
down.
subclasses 50+ for plural driven diverse tools.
subclasses 63+ for a driven tool combined with a nondriven
tool.
subclasses 126+ for an earth working device combined with
an earth marking means.
subclasses 204+ for alternating tools which differ merely
by being for right or left hand operation.
subclasses 245+ for apparatus comprising a tool convertible
or changeable to a diverse tool, and specially subclasses
251+ for a tool changeable to a diverse tool by assembly or
disassembly.
subclasses 452+ for a broadly claimed implement with an
actuator adapted to lift a tool on said implement for
transport.
subclasses 540+ for a rolling tool with circumferentially
spaced tines, blades or the like of different shape or size.
subclasses 558+ for a disk with disk cleaning means. See
(7) Note.
642 for a pair of relatively movable tools cooperating to
move earth to and from a plant row, the tools differing
merely by being for right or left hand operation.
subclasses 669+ for a broadly claimed implement supporting
an earth working element.
684.5 and 799.5, for implements comprising plural scraping
blades which are of different size or shape, or mounted in
different angular relationship with respect to a reference
line.
686 for right and left hand tools.
subclasses 714+ for plural earth-engaging parts of an earth
working element, the parts being movable during operation.
See (7) Note.
728 for a symmetrical-type tool with an attached runner and
additional blades attached to the runner. See (8) Note.
746 for an earth working tool with a portion extended beyond
the landside.
758 for a moldboard-type earth working element with a furrow
slice cutter or breaker.
subclasses 777+ for a scraper supporting a narrow depending
tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, especially subclasses 123+ for knives and
cutters of general application combined with other devices.
37, Excavating, subclasses 403+ for a scraper combined with
a scoop, shovel, or the like.
56, Harvesters, subclass 400.04 for hand rakes combined with
other tools.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 4 for
unearthing devices with additional earth or plant rolling
implement, subclass 6 for unearthing devices with additional
earth marker or earth conditioner, subclass 10 for unearthing
devices having preliminary removal of earth.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements are supported or
propelled by a wheeled frame and at least one of the earth
working elements operates on the soil traversed or to be
traversed by the wheel or wheels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 175+ for rolling and nonrolling implements
operating along the same path.
subclasses 297+ for a tool located forward of the rear of a
motor vehicle.
671 for a wheel and tool mounted on a single longitudinal
beam and traveling in the same path.
676 for a tool mounted on a wheeled frame and traveling in
the same path as the wheel.
subclasses 810+ for a tool located forward of a motor
vehicle.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which an implement has earth working portions which operate
on all four sides of an implement having a diverse earth
working element.
(1) Note. The surrounding implement may comprise a plurality
of like separate tools.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising earth working elements arranged adjustably in the
apparatus so that when an element of one type is in
ground-working position an element of another type must be
out of ground working position.
(1) Note. Hand held tools having alternately usable unlike
earth working portions or elements are excluded from the
definition. See subclass 375.
(2) Note. This definition includes apparatus in which two
integral diverse tools must be removed and reversed to bring
the diverse tool into operation. The diverse tools must
always be present in the apparatus when the apparatus is
working the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for apparatus adapted to be inverted in its entirely to
provide an earth working operation in either position.
subclasses 204+ for alternately usable tools which differ
merely by being for right or left hand operation.
subclasses 251+ for a tool which is changeable to a diverse
tool by an assembly or disassembly operation.
375 for hand cultivating tools having diverse alternately
usable earth working portions. See (1) Note above.
subclasses 777+ for an alternately usable scraper and
narrow depending tool attached thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 2 for
alternately usable unearthing units.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
including means to alter the spacial relationship of the
diverse earth working elements incident to a change in the
direction of movement.
(1) Note. Tool mountings which merely permit relative
movement between the tools in the absence of means to change
the relationship upon turning are not classified in this and
indented subclasses, but are classified below on other
bases.
(2) Note. The variation in the spacing of the tools may be
in a horizontal direction or may be a variation in the
relative elevations of the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for apparatus in which a tool is lifted out of or
lowered into ground engagement incident to a change of
direction of movement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 456.1 for articulated vehicles
having plural connections therebetween.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements are independently
mounted so as to be elevatable about separate axes or along
different paths and lifting means are connected to each of
the earth working elements the lifting means being so
interrelated that vertical movement of one earth working
element is accompanied by vertical movement of the other.
(1) Note. The tools may move in opposite directions, i.e.,
one move up while the other moves down.
(2) Note. The lifting means may comprise an actuator or an
attendant manipulated handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 488+ for a single-lift actuator for plural
relatively movable like tools.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements comprise a
moldboard-type tool for turning a furrow slice and a cutting
knife to cut a vertical slit in the earth in advance of the
moldboard-type tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for the combination of a colter, jointer and plow.
subclasses 165+ for diverse tools one of which is a
colter.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
including a frame on which the diverse earth working elements
are mounted and separate means are provided to selectively
vertically move the diverse earth working elements with
respect to the frame.
(1) Note. The moving means may be an actuator or an
attendant manipulated handle.
(2) Note. This definition includes apparatus in which both
tools are lifted by a single manipulating means and the
second tool is lifted with respect to the first by a second
manipulating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for plural tools mounted ahead of the rear and to the
rear of a motor vehicle and being actuatable by independent
power units.
468 for plural tools liftable for transport on a wheeled
frame and being independently actuatable.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements is of the rolling or
rotating type, the axis of rotation thereof being adjustable
in a substantially horizontal plane and a diverse earth
working element adjustable about a separate point or along a
different path, the adjustment of one earth working element
resulting in an adjustment of the other earth working
element.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the diverse earth working elements comprises an
earth working element which is formed of or supported
directly upon a member formed of resilient material.
(1) Note. A pivoted tool having means to bias the tool about
the pivot is not included under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 389+ for spring-tooth type implements having
runners or other wheel substitutes.
643 for plural spring teeth in a single implement.
subclasses 707+ for spring teeth, per se.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements is of the rolling or
rotating type and including brake or stop means for slowing
down or stopping the rotation or rolling thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 528+ for rolling or rotating tools having means
for stopping or retarding the rotation thereof.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements comprise a plow or
earth turning element having a moldboard to turn a furrow
slice, a smaller plow or element to throw a strip of soil
into the far side of the furrow in advance of the main plow,
and a cutting knife to cut a slit in the ground forward of
the plow, the plow operating in the slit.
(1) Note. The colter and jointer must be separate from one
another and from the plow.
(2) Note. Patents claiming the combination of a separate
colter and jointer disclosed for use with a plow will be
classified as originals under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 163+ for the combination of a jointer and plow.
subclasses 165+ for the combination of a colter and diverse
tool operating in the slit formed by the colter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 3 for
unearthing devices with a stabilizing colter or fin.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising at least three diverse implements in succession,
the second implement following in or overlapping the path of
the first and the third following in or overlapping the path
of the second, the implements being longitudinally spaced and
having diverse earth working elements.
(1) Note. Two of the implements may be the same if a
different implement intervenes.
(2) Note. If an implement follows in or overlaps the path of
travel of a diverse implement the implements are considered
to be traveling in the same path. Thus it may be seen that
three implements may be following overlapping paths under
this definition and yet the third implement be laterally
spaced with respect to the first. It should be particularly
noted, that the word "implement" covers either a group of
like earth working elements or a single earth working
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for the combination of a plow with a separate colter and
jointer.
subclasses 175+ for two rolling and nonrolling implements
following the same path.
subclasses 195+ for two diverse implements following the
same path.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Apparatus in
which at least four diverse implements follow the same or
overlapping paths.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus in
which the implements are alternately alike, but successively
unlike.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 for three implements following the same or overlapping
paths, the first and third implements being alike and the
intermediate implement being of a different type.
subclasses 152+ for at least four laterally spaced
implements which are alternately alike, but successively
unlike.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Apparatus in
which the first and third implements in the direction of
travel are alike and the intermediate or second implement is
of a different type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for four or more implements following the same path
which are alternately alike, but successively unlike.
subclasses 155+ for laterally spaced like implements with
an intermediate unlike implement.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Apparatus in
which one of the diverse implements includes an earth working
element which is given a rotating motion by the resistance of
the earth as it is drawn thereover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for diverse tools one of which is a tool which has an
intermittent rolling motion imparted thereto.
subclasses 146+ for four or more diverse implements
following the same path and including a rolling implement.
148 for longitudinally spaced like implements with an
intermediate diverse implement including a rolling
implement.
subclasses 175+ for two rolling and nonrolling implements
following the same path.
subclasses 184+ for two diverse rolling implements
following the same path.
subclasses 518+ for rolling implements, per se.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus in
which the rolling earth working element comprises a smooth
surface compaction roller of uniform diameter and free from
protuberances or depressions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 170+ for other diverse tools one of which is a
smooth leveling roller.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 122+,
for compacting rollers, per se.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus
including two implements having rolling earth working
elements of unlike types.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 and 172, for diverse rolling tools one of which is a
smooth leveling roller.
154 for four or more laterally spaced rolling tools which
are alternately alike, but successively unlike.
158 for laterally spaced like rolling tools with an
intermediate diverse rolling tool.
subclasses 184+ for other diverse rolling tools.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising four or more earth working elements spaced
laterally of the direction of travel, the elements being
alternately alike, but successively unlike.
(1) Note. The alternate earth working elements may consist
of a group of like tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 155+ for laterally spaced like tools with an
intermediate diverse tool.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus in
which one set of alternate earth working elements is of the
rolling type while the other set of alternate earth working
elements is of the nonrolling type thus providing a laterally
spaced group of earth working elements which are successively
of the rolling and nonrolling type.
(1) Note. This definition includes a single rolling tool
having a plurality of laterally spaced sets of tines, teeth
or the like with nonrolling tools operating in paths between
the sets of teeth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65 for a plurality of laterally spaced interdigitating
driven and nondriven tools.
156 and 157, for laterally spaced like tools and an
intermediate diverse tool of the rolling and nonrolling
type.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements are all of the
rolling type.
(1) Note. This definition includes two rolling tools having
laterally spaced sets of teeth, tines, or the like with the
sets of one tool operating in paths between the sets of the
other tool.
(2) Note. This definition includes apparatus having
relatively rotatable earth working elements of different
shape or contour even if the members axially abut or one
element carries the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65 for a plurality of laterally spaced interdigitating
driven and nondriven tools.
158 for laterally spaced like rolling tools with an
intermediate diverse rolling tool.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising a pair of like earth working elements spaced
laterally of the direction of travel and a diverse earth
working element which operates along a path intermediate the
paths of the like elements.
(1) Note. Laterally spaced right and left hand tools are
considered to be like earth working elements under this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 152+ for four laterally spaced tools which are
alternately alike, but successively unlike.
subclasses 193+ for a tool with a rearwardly spaced sweep
or earth working blade, etc., which is attached to the tool
standard or mounted on a member attached to the tool or its
standard.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which the spaced like earth working elements are of the
rolling or rotating type and the intermediate earth working
element is of the nonrolling type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for four laterally spaced tools which are successively
of the rolling and nonrolling type and are alternately
alike.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which the spaced like earth working elements are of the
nonrolling type and the intermediate earth working element is
of the rolling or rotating type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for four laterally spaced tools which are successively
of the rolling and nonrolling type and are alternately
alike.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which the laterally spaced like earth working elements and
the intermediate diverse earth working element are all of the
rolling or rotating type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for four laterally spaced tools which are successively
unlike and alternately alike, all of the tools being of the
rolling type.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which the laterally spaced earth working elements are
nonidentical or positioned in a nonidentical way so as to
function in a right and left handed manner and so located and
constructed as to be mirror images of each other, and the
intermediate earth working element comprises an element of
symmetrical shape.
(1) Note. For the definition of a symmetrical tool see
subclass 721.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 193+ for a tool with a rearwardly spaced sweep
or earth working blade, etc., which is attached to the tool
standard or mounted on a member attached to the tool or its
standard.
642 for relatively movable right and left hand tools for
throwing soil to or from a crop row.
686 for right and left hand tools.
subclasses 721+ for symmetrical tools.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements comprises a straight
tooth of uniform or decreasing diameter in a downward
direction.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements comprises earth
working means (other than a scraper) adapted to be adjusted
so as to shift the earth in alternate lateral directions with
respect to the direction of draft at different times.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 204+ for tools alternating for right or left
hand operation.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus in
which adjustment of the earth working means for alternate
operation is accompanied by an adjustment of the diverse
earth working element.
(1) Note. The adjustment of the diverse tool may comprise
merely the operation of a latch or lock which holds the tool
in adjusted position or may comprise the adjustment of the
diverse tool in response to operation of a latch or lock to
permit adjustment of the alternating implement.
(2) Note. This definition does not include apparatus in
which the alternating implement and diverse tool are rigidly
connected and adjusted as a unit. Nor does this definition
include apparatus in which the diverse tool is freely mounted
and may assume a different position upon reversal of the
alternating implement due to altered ground resistance,
gravity, etc.
(3) Note. The diverse tool is usually a jointer or colter.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising the combination of an earth working element having
a moldboard for raising and inverting a furrow slice and a
second earth working element operating in advance of the
first and operative to raise and turn a smaller furrow slice
and deposit it in the far side of a previously formed furrow
so as to be covered by the furrow slice of the moldboard-type
earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for the combination of a plow, colter, and jointer.
382 for a plurality of like earth working elements (e.g.,
plows) which operate at different depths in the soil.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus
comprising a jointer and plow the jointer being of the
rolling or rotating type.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising a colter for cutting a vertical slit in the ground
in advance of at least a portion of an earth working element
and an earth working element following the colter and having
a vertically extending portion operating in the slit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 19+ for sod cutters having means for cutting a
strip of earth vertically and horizontally.
139 for a plow and colter mounted so as to be vertically
movable along different paths or about different axes and
lifting means connected to the tools such that vertical
movement of one is accompanied by vertical movement of the
other.
144 for the combination of a colter, jointer, and plow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 140 for a coulter claimed in
combination with a planting machine.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 3 for
unearthing devices with stabilizing colter or fin.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus in
which the colter is of the rolling or rotating type.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising a nonrolling earth working element adapted to cut
a slice of earth and an adjacent rotary earth working
element, usually in the form of a disk, for receiving said
slice and inverting it.
(1) Note. A moldboard merely having friction reducing
rollers or being in the form of a belt to reduce friction is
not included under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for implements having power driven moldboards.
717 for implements having a moldboard in the form of a
belt.
718 for implements having a moldboard with friction reducing
rollers.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising a rolling or rotating earth working element for
cutting or raising a furrow slice and a nonrolling adjacent
member for receiving the furrow slice and inverting or
completing the inversion of the same.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for a rolling colter which acts to cut a vertical slit
in the earth and a tool which operates in the slit.
subclasses 558+ for disk-type tools with scrapers which
merely act to scrape the disks to clean same.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements is of the rolling or
rotating type and rotates about an axis which is
substantially vertical.
(1) Note. The axis may deviate from the vertical by as much
as 45 deg..
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 522+ for tools which rotate about a
substantially vertical axis.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements comprises a smooth
surface compaction roller of uniform diameter and free of
projections or depressions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for three or more diverse implements following the same
path one of which is a smooth leveling roller.
176 for a nonrolling tool for forming a furrow or ridge and
a following rolling tool which conforms to the shape of the
furrow or ridge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 122+,
for compacting rollers, per se.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
including an earth working element having a moldboard to turn
a furrow slice in one direction, the roller being spaced
laterally from the turning or moldboard side of the
moldboard-type earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 202+ for a plow and tool laterally spaced from
the moldboard side of the plow.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in
which the second earth working element is also of the rolling
or rotating type and other than a smooth leveling roller.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 184+ for diverse rolling implements not
including a smooth leveling roller.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in
which the roller has combined therewith a plurality of
nonrolling earth working teeth.
(1) Note. For the definition of "tooth" see subclass 713.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for laterally spaced like tools with an intermediate
diverse tool and including spike teeth.
197 and 198, for diverse nonrolling tools following the same
path and including teeth.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements is given a rotating
motion by the resistance of the earth as it is drawn
thereover and another earth working element is of a
nonrolling type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for diverse tools including an intermittently rolling
tool.
subclasses 149+ for three or more diverse implements
following the same path, at least one of which is of the
rolling type.
153 for at least four laterally spaced diverse tools
alternate tools being of the rolling type.
156 and 157, for laterally spaced like tools with an
intermediate diverse tool of the rolling and nonrolling
type.
164 for a rolling jointer and plow.
166 for a rolling colter combined with a diverse tool.
169 for diverse tools one of which is rotatable about a
vertical axis.
170 for diverse tools including a smooth leveling roller.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Apparatus in
which the rolling and nonrolling earth working elements are
included in implements which travel in the same or
overlapping paths and are longitudinally spaced from one
another.
(1) Note. If an implement follows in or overlaps the path of
travel of a diverse implement the implements are considered
to be traveling in the same path. It should be particularly
noted that the work "implement" covers either a group of like
earth working elements or a single earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for a driven tool and nondriven tool traveling in the
same path.
subclasses 149+ for three or more diverse implements
following the same path at least one of which is the rolling
type.
subclasses 195+ for diverse implements of the nonrolling
type following the same path.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in
which the non-rolling implement opens a furrow in or forms a
ridge on the ground and the rolling implement operates in the
furrow or on the ridge and conforms to the shape thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for diverse tools wherein one of the tools is of the
intermittent rolling or rotating type.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in
which the rolling earth working element of the rolling
implement has teeth, tines, blades, projections or other
configurations so the circumferential portion of the element
located in a plane generally at right angles to the axis of
rotation engages the earth intermittently or with a varying
effect as the element turns.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 540+ for rolling earth working elements, per se,
with circumferentially spaced blades, tines, or the like.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in
which the rolling implement comprises a group of earth
working elements of generally circular platelike members each
having the same axis of rotation.
(1) Note. The disks may be planar or concavo-convex.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 518+ for disk gangs, per se.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus
comprising a group of earth working elements of the
nonrolling type spaced from one another transversely of the
direction of travel and a rolling earth working element or
elements having the same lateral extent as, and traveling the
same path traversed by, the nonrolling earth working element
group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
173 for a smooth leveling roller combined with a plurality
of earth working teeth.
177 for a plurality of laterally spaced nonrolling tools
following the same path as a rolling tool having
circumferentially spaced blades, tines, or the like.
178 for a plurality of laterally spaced nonrolling tools
following the same path as a plurality of disks rotatable
about a common axis.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in
which the rolling implement is located ahead of the
nonrolling implement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for a rolling jointer and plow.
166 for a rolling colter and diverse tool.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus in
which the earth working element of the rolling implement
comprises a generally circular platelike member concave in a
generally forward direction to form a furrow and the
nonrolling implement includes an earth working element of the
nonrolling type operating in said furrow.
(1) Note. The nonrolling tool may act to square off or
undercut, etc., the furrow formed by the rolling tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for a rolling or rotating jointer followed by a
moldboard-type tool.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Apparatus in
which the rolling and nonrolling earth working elements are
spaced laterally of the direction of travel and operate along
different paths.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for at least four laterally spaced rolling and
nonrolling tools which are alternately alike and successively
unlike.
156 and 157, for laterally spaced like tools and an
intermediate diverse tool, the tools being of the rolling and
nonrolling type.
subclasses 201+ for laterally spaced diverse tools of the
nonrolling type.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus in
which the rolling and nonrolling earth working elements have
juxtaposed sides which contact or nearly contact during
operation to perform a cutting or shearing operation.
(1) Note. The cutting or shearing action is usually for
stalks or vines.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which each of the earth working elements is given a rotating
motion by the resistance of the earth as it is drawn
thereover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 51+ for diverse rotary driven tools.
151 for three or more diverse implements traveling in the
same or overlapping paths and including diverse rolling
tools.
154 for four or more laterally spaced tools which are
alternately alike, but successively unlike and being all of
the rolling type.
158 for laterally spaced like rolling tools with an
intermediate diverse rolling tool.
172 for diverse rolling tools one of which is a smooth
compaction roller.
subclasses 518+ for rolling or rotating tools, per se.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements have their working
portions axially spaced from one another and are mounted to
rotate about the same axis.
(1) Note. A rolling tool having circumferentially spaced
unlike tines, blades, or the like which lie in substantially
a single plane is not considered to be diverse tools.
However, unlike earth working portions spaced on the same
axis of rotation and having an intervening space with no
earth working or earth contacting portion comes within this
definition.
(2) Note. This definition includes apparatus having
relatively rotatable earth working elements of different
shape or contour even if the elements axially abut or one
element carries the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for four or more laterally spaced diverse tools which
are alternately alike, but successively unlike and rotatable
about a common axis.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements comprise circular platelike
members at least one of which has all the parts thereof in a
single plane and another of which is of concavo-convex
shape.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are of substantially similar
shape, but differ in size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
185 for similarly shaped different size rolling earth
working elements which rotate about the same axis.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising a longitudinal runner adapted to support at least
a portion of the weight of the apparatus and a plurality of
diverse earth working elements attached to the runner at
points rearwardly of the forward end thereof.
(1) Note. An earth working element having a rearwardly
extending runner or landside with earth working members
attached thereto is considered to be a single tool having
plural earth working portions and is excluded from this
definition. See subclasses 681+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 387+ for apparatus having a wheel substitute
such as a runner and see the Notes thereto for other related
art.
subclasses 681+ see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements comprises a flexible
fabric, chain, cable, strand, rope, or wire.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
612 for fabric or flexible tools, per se, and see the Note
thereto.
Subclass:
190
Including vertical, longitudinally oriented disc or blade
(e.g., as stabilizer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
wherein an upright, generally planar disc or blade is
disposed in the direction of travel.
(1) Note. The blade or disc often works the earth only to
provide lateral stability to the implement as it moves in its
intended direction of travel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 and 165+, for a colter which cuts a vertical slit in the
earth and a tool which follows the colter and operates in the
slit cut thereby.
752 for a unitary earthworking element having a separable
vertical planar lognitudinal cutter including apparatus in
which the cutter is mounted on a runner or landside which
forms a direct rearward continuation of the shovel,
moldboard, or the like.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 3 for
unearthing devices with stabilizing colter or fin.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of separate planar longitudinal
blades.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements comprises a
substantially flat blade disposed in a horizontal plane in
the working position and adapted to cut through the soil at
or below the surface thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
720 for subsurface blades, per se, which operate in
substantially a horizontal position.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element (e.g., shovel or
moldboard) for moving soil transverse to the line of travel
and mounted upon a standard and an earth working blade or
sweep following the earth working element and operating upon
the moved soil and mounted on the standard behind the earth
working element or on a rearwardly extending member connected
to the earth working element or standard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
722 for symmetrical tools having separately attached wings
or moldboards.
728 for symmetrical tools having an attached rearwardly
extending runner on depth gauge and additional blades
attached directly to the runner.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus in
which the working position of the sweep can be selectively
adjusted with respect to the earth working element.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which the diverse implements travel in the same or
overlapping paths and are longitudinally spaced in the
direction of travel, the implements having diverse earth
working elements.
(1) Note. If an implement follows in or overlaps the path of
travel of a diverse implement the implements are considered
to be traveling in the same path. It should be particlarly
noted that the word implement covers either a group of like
earth working elements or a single earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 71+ for a driven tool and a nondriven tool
traveling in the same path.
144 for a colter, jointer and plow.
subclasses 145+ for three or more diverse implements
following the same or overlapping paths.
subclasses 163+ for a colter and jointer, or a jointer and
plow, or a colter and diverse tool.
subclasses 175+ for rolling and nonrolling implements
following the same path.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in
which the earth working element of one of the implements
comprises a subsoiler which acts on the soil at a greater
depth than the earth working element of the other implement.
(1) Note. For the definition of subsoiler see subclass 699.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 699+ for subsoilers, per se.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements comprise a plurality
of earth working teeth, and a substantially vertical blade
disposed generally transversely of the direction of travel or
a horizontal bar or plate having a continuous ground engaging
edge or horizontal surface which acts to scrape or level the
surface of the soil.
(1) Note. A vertical blade which is disposed at an angle to
the direction of movement of the apparatus of substantially
other than 90 deg. so as to provide substantial lateral soil
movement is excluded from this definition unless such blade
is a scraper for producing a level surface.
(2) Note. See the definition of subclass 713 of this class
for the definition of teeth. However, ripper or scarifier
teeth are included under this definition even if they do not
meet the definition of subclass 713.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for diverse tools one of which is a fabric or flexible
tool.
subclasses 199+ for other diverse tools following the same
path and including a drag, scraper, or leveling blade.
785 for a scraper between front and rear vehicle ground
supports combined with teeth preceding the scraper.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in
which earth working elements of one of the implements
comprise a plurality of teeth.
(1) Note. See the definition of subclass 713 of this class
for the definition of teeth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for laterally spaced like tools with an intermediate
diverse tool and including a spike tooth.
173 for the combination of a smooth leveling roller and
teeth.
197 for teeth combined with a drag, scraper, or leveling
blade.
713 for teeth, per se.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in
which the earth working element of one of the implements
comprises a substantially vertical blade disposed
transversely of the direction of travel or a horizontal bar
or plate having a continuous ground engaging edge or
horizontal surface which acts to scrape or level the surface
of the soil.
(1) Note. A vertical blade which is disposed at an angle to
the direction of movement of the apparatus of substantially
other than 90 deg. so as to provide substantial lateral soil
movement is excluded from this definition unless such blade
is a scraper for producing a level surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for diverse tools one of which is a fabric or flexible
tool.
197 for teeth combined with a drag, scraper, or leveling
blade.
subclasses 784+ for a scraper between front and rear
vehicle ground supports combined with a diverse tool.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Apparatus in
which the drag, scraper, or leveling blade follows behind an
implement having an earth working element of a different
type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for a driven tool followed by a leveling drag or furrow
shaper.
197 for teeth combined with a drag, scraper, or leveling
blade.
785 for a scraper between front and rear vehicle ground
supports combined with a tool of a different type ahead and
spaced from the scraper.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working elements are spaced laterally
of the direction of travel and operate along different
paths.
(1) Note. Two implements which travel in overlapping paths
are considered to be following the same path and are thus not
classified under this definition. Thus, where one implement
comprises a plurality of like laterally spaced earth working
elements only some of which follow in the path of the diverse
implement classification under this definition does not
result. See subclasses 195+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 152+ for four laterally spaced tools which are
alternately alike, but successively unlike.
subclasses 155+ for laterally spaced like tools and an
intermediate diverse tool.
182 for laterally spaced rolling and nonrolling tools.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus in
which one of the earth working elements is a plow having a
moldboard for turning a furrow slice in one direction and a
land side and the diverse earth working element disposed to
travel in a path spaced outwardly from the moldboard side.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for a smooth roller spaced from the moldboard side of a
plow.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working element has a connection
directly to the moldboard or to the handles of the plow.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising earth working means adapted to be
adjusted so as to shift the earth in alternate lateral
directions, with respect to the line of draft at different
times.
(1) Note. Devices in which an earth working element is
adjustable about a vertical axis for right or left hand
operation, there being no actuating means for such adjustment
or the actuating means comprising no more than a handle
directly connected to the earth working element, are not
included. See subclasses 577, 600, 603, and 735.
(2) Note. Devices in which an earth working element is swung
laterally (e.g., a cultivator shovel moved toward or away
from a plant row) are not included if the purpose of the
device is merely to provide for lateral adjustment and any
moving of the earth to the right or left is merely incidental
and not claimed.
(3) Note. A disk, scraper, or drag which is adjustable about
a vertical axis to throw soil in opposite directions is not
included. See subclasses 600 and 603 for such disks and
subclasses 781+ and other appropriate subclasses for such
scrapers or drags.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for an apparatus which may include right and left hand
tools in which the complete apparatus is adapted for use in
an upside down position.
subclasses 126+ for earth marking means mounted on an earth
working device, said marking means being alternately
engageable with the ground.
subclasses 161+ for apparatus comprising diverse tools, at
least one of which is alternated for right or left hand
operation.
662 for an apparatus comprising plural relatively movable
tools, at least one of which may be moved to nonuse
position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 2 for
alternately usable unearthing units.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in
which the earth working means comprises separate earth
working elements which are rotatable about a horizontal axis
traverse to the direction of draft in order to alternately
place the earth working elements in operation, the rotation
being effected as a result of torque developed due to
resistance of the ground to the forward motion of the earth
working elements or some other ground contacting part of the
earth working element carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 436, 440, and 441 for scoops adapted
to be rotated due to forward movement.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in
which the apparatus has a draft beam or tongue which may be
adjusted laterally with respect to the earth working means
and in which adjustment of the earth working means for
alternate operation is accompanied by lateral adjustment of
the draft member.
(1) Note. Lateral adjustment of the draft member or
adjustment of the earth working means for alternate operation
may be accompanied merely by the operation of a latch to
permit earth working means adjustment or draft member lateral
adjustment, respectively.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Apparatus in
which the draft tongue or beam is swung through an angle of
substantially 180 deg. with respect to the frame on which the
earth working means is mounted so as to draw the apparatus
alternately in opposite directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
214 for oppositely directed tools having a reversible draft
tongue, the reversal of the draft tongue not causing any
adjustment of the tools.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Apparatus in
which the adjustment of the earth working means is
accompanied by the operation of means which lock the draft
member against lateral displacement.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
having earth working means other than parallel separate tools
and means to raise the earth working means from the ground
and in which the adjustment of the earth working means for
alternate operation results from the operation of the raising
means or the lowering of the earth working means to the
ground after being raised.
(1) Note. The "parallel separate tools" of the definition
are defined in subclass 228. For interrelated lifting and
shifting of such tools see subclasses 228+.
(2) Note. The adjustment of the earth working means may be
no more than unlocking or unlatching of the same to permit
reversal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for an apparatus comprising an earth working device and
earth marking means, the earth marking means being adjusted
upon lifting the implement.
162 for diverse tools including an implement alternating for
right or left hand operation where reversal of the implement
adjusts a diverse tool.
subclasses 228+ for parallel separate tools which may be
raised or lowered to place them in alternate operation.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in
which the means for raising the earth working means is a
mast-type hitch.
(1) Note. See this class, subclass 439 for the definition of
mast-type hitch.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
445 for tools carried by a mast-type hitch including an
auxiliary means which is operated by the vertical movement of
the hitch.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in
which the means for raising the earth working means comprises
a wheel or wheel substitute which is depressed with respect
to the frame on which the earth working means is mounted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for implements including an actuator adjusted ground
support and means interconnecting the actuating means and the
earth working tool.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
having a wheel or wheel substitute which automatically
assumes a new supporting position with respect to its former
supporting position, and also with respect to the earth
working means, in response to adjustment of the earth working
means to alternate positions.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
having separate earth working elements so directed as to be
alternately usable when the frame on which they are mounted
is moved in opposite directions without reversal of the
frame.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are carried by a wheeled
frame having a draft member shiftable from one end of the
frame to the opposite end through substantially 180 deg. to
draw the device in either direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for tools adapted for alternate use having a reversible
draft member, the reversal of the draft member adjusting the
tools for alternate use.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in
which the oppositely oriented earth working elements are
rigidly mounted at spaced points upon a longitudinally
extending beam or frame which may be tilted about a
horizontal transverse axis to alternately place the earth
working elements in operative position.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements may be placed into and out
of operative position by (1) movement about separate axes
which are transverse to and spaced in the direction of travel
or (2) movement in vertical planes in which the earth working
elements maintain substantially the same angular position
with respect to the ground.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
having shiftable earth deflector means (e.g., moldboard)
alternately cooperating with the earth working elements as
the frame is moved in opposite directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for tools having a single earth breaking portion with an
earth deflector means which is adjustable to move soil toward
either side of the device.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
comprising an earth working means having one portion which
operates in and acts to break the soil in the same position
for both directions of earth movement and an earth deflector
or deflectors connected therewith and adjustable to different
positions to move the soil toward either side of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for tools having oppositely directed earth breaking
points with a movable deflector for moving the soil in
alternate directions on movement of the tool in opposite
directions.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in
which the same earth working element is utilized to move the
soil in alternate lateral directions.
(1) Note. An earth working means having opposite ends or
sides, one being used to move the soil in one direction and
the other side or end being used to move soil in the other
direction, is considered to be plural tools and is excluded
from this and indented subclasses, except when the ends or
sides are connected by a common moldboard or soil deflector
portion which is utilized to deflect soil in both phases of
operation.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is of the rolling-disk type
having cleaning means to remove soil therefrom, the cleaning
means being movable relative to the disk upon reversal of the
disk so as to perform the cleaning operation for either
direction of earth movement.
(1) Note. A scraper which merely moves as a unit with a
reversible disk is not considered to be a reversible cleaning
means for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 558+ for cleaning means for disks.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus
including a plurality of earth working elements, each
operative to move soil in opposite directions, the earth
working elements being adjustable about spaced vertical axes
to reverse the direction of soil movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
569 for a plurality of disks which are pivoted on vertical
axes with interconnected means for moving them identically
without shifting them for opposite throw.
647 for plural relatively movable tools which are
simultaneously adjusted about their individual vertical axes
without being shifted for opposite throw.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein, in addition to the movement of the earth working
elements about their vertical axes, at least one of the axes
is also moved horizontally at the same time.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is of the type having a
point, share and moldboard and in which the earth working
element is adjustable about an axis extending substantially
in the direction of travel to reverse the direction of soil
movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 224+ for alternately usable separate tools which
are adjusted about a longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in
which the earth working means comprises earth working
elements which are alternately placed into operative position
by rotation about an axis which is horizontal and
longitudinal (i.e., in the direction of travel).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for earth working apparatus in which the complete
apparatus is adapted for use upside down.
232 for tools alternated for right or left hand operation by
rotation about an axis lying in a vertical longitudinal plane
and at an angle to the horizontal.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus in
which an actuator is provided to rotate the earth working
elements with respect to a frame or support.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises gearing.
(1) Note. For the definition of gearing, see Class 74,
Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 640.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Apparatus in
which the gearing comprises a flexible member (e.g., chain or
cable) cooperating with a sprocket or drum, rotation of the
sprocket or drum effecting rotation of the earth working
elements.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus
employing separate earth working elements oriented for
movement in the same direction which are alternately placed
into operation by movement in substantially longitudinal
vertical, parallel planes.
(1) Note. The tools may deviate slightly from the vertical
planes during alternation so as, for example, to clear one
another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
472 for plural tools simultaneously raised by an actuator
for transport on a wheeled frame and which are individually
lowered.
481 for tools raised by an actuator for transport on a
wheeled frame and held in one position by a latch means
separate from the actuating means.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
having means connecting the earth working elements such that
movement of one element in one direction (i.e., raising or
lowering) is accompanied by movement of the other element in
the opposite direction.
(1) Note. The connecting means may be temporarily disabled
to allow both tools to be raised or lowered.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 130+ for apparatus comprising an earth working
device and plural earth marking means, the plural earth
marking means being interconnected so that adjustment of one
causes movement of another.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
having separate operating means for each earth working
element such that each element is movable to operative and
inoperative positions independently of the other element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for plural tools carried forward of the rear of a motor
vehicle which are independently actuatable.
subclasses 468+ for plural tools having independently
operable actuator means to lift the tools for transport on a
wheeled frame.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus in
which each of the operating means is actuated by power
derived from a separate wheel engaging the ground and turned
as an incident to the travel of the machine over the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
399 for vertically adjustable ground supports with a power
take-off from plural wheels.
subclasses 408+ for vertically adjustable ground wheels in
which the wheel actuates its own crank axle mount.
subclasses 492+ for tools lifted for transport on a wheeled
frame by means of an actuator operated by a power take-off,
the power take-off usually being from a ground wheel.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in
which the earth working means is alternately placed into
operative position by movement about an axis which lies in a
vertical plane extending in the direction of travel and is at
an angle to the horizontal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 224+ for tools alternated for right and left
hand operation by rotation about a horizontal, longitudinal
axis.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus adapted to be moved over the surface of the earth
comprising a feeler means adapted to sense the presence of an
obstruction in or on the ground (e.g., a rock, tree, or mound
of earth) and to cause or permit movement of the apparatus or
a part thereof to avoid the obstruction.
(1) Note. The feeler means must constitute an element
specifically provided for that purpose and not be a mere part
of the tool supporting structure. A mere pivoted tool which
may move because of direct contact of the tool or its
supporting means with an obstruction is not included under
this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 5+ for apparatus in which an obstruction sensing
means is operative to control a power means to adjust the
apparatus or some part thereof to avoid the obstruction.
38 for an implement including a driven tool and obstruction
feeling means for moving or releasing the implement.
236 for apparatus comprising a ground engageable lever means
(including a segment of a wheel) which is engageable merely
with the ground rather than an obstruction and which causes a
manipulation due to its resistance to forward motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
293, Vehicle Fenders, subclasses 102+ for protective
structure attached to vehicles comprising barrier structures
for fending off blows from other vehicles or objects.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus in
which the feeler means is movable relative to the implement
part to be moved.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus in
which the feeler means operates a lock or latch to release
the implement part so as to be free to move to another
position to avoid the obstruction.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working element adapted to be
propelled over the earth and a lever adapted to be lowered
into engagement with the earth so as to resist motion of the
apparatus whereby when the lever is engaged with the earth
and the apparatus moved thereover relative motion between the
lever and apparatus occurs due to the resistance of the
lever, which results in some manipulation of the apparatus or
a part thereof.
(1) Note. A ground wheel adapted to supply a force for
manipulation of the apparatus due to its rolling over the
ground is not included. See subclasses 407+, particularly
subclass 409 for such devices. However, a lever arrangement
including an arc, which may be a portion of a wheel, for
rolling contact with the ground to manipulate the device is
included, if said lever does not pass through a complete
cycle of 360 deg. by contact with the ground to again be in
position to repeat the cycle. The lever is not considered to
pass through a cycle of 360 deg. by contact with the ground
when the initial movement of the lever through a portion of
the cycle is effected by earth contact movement of an earth
working tool connected therewith, and such devices would be
included under this definition. See subclass 90 for an earth
working element driven by an irregular ground- engaging wheel
or support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for ground-engaging levers or irregularly shaped wheels
used to give a regular or intermittent cyclical motion to an
implement as it is drawn over the ground without any
manipulation from the operator, i.e., a device in which a
latch is released by the operator and the ground-engageable
lever or irregular wheel moves through a cycle of at least
360 deg. would be classified in subclass 90, while other
latch-release type devices which must be manually advanced
through part of their cycle of operation or which must be
manually reset and which are not free to complete a cycle of
360 deg. once having been unlatched are included under this
definition (236).
205 for implements alternating for right or left hand
operation and draft revoluble about a transverse axis by
means of a ground-engageable draft responsive lever.
subclasses 233+ for apparatus comprising a feeler means
which senses some special obstruction and which causes
manipulation of a part due to a movement or tendency to
movement of the apparatus past the obstruction, resistance to
movement being not necessarily present.
238 for apparatus including a ground wheel or wheel
substitute which is moved relative to the frame by the draft
force.
239 for apparatus including ground wheels and linkages for
providing a constant depth of operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclasses 418+ for attached vehicle jacks,
including jacks comprising a leg which engages the ground and
lifts the vehicle by moving the vehicle with respect to the
ground.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43 for devices for rendering an
apparatus transportable by movement of the apparatus with
respect to a leg lowered to engage the ground.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 438 for a
ground-engaging lever for manipulating a part of a load
handler or transporter.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus
having an earth working element mounted to rotate through 360
deg. about a horizontal transverse axis, the draft responsive
lever being operative to rotate the tool on said axis over an
arc of less than 360 deg. being caused by a force other than
from the lever, usually from earth resistance to the earth
working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for earth working tools alternating for right or left
hand operation and draft revoluble about a transverse axis by
means of a lever engaging the ground.
subclasses 528+ for rolling or rotating tools having means
to stop or retard the rotation thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 441 for a scoop with a dumping
runner.
56, Harvesters, 379+ for roll-over type rakes.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a framework, a ground wheel or wheel
substitute carried thereby, an earth working element
associated with the framework, a means for applying a draft
force to the framework and means connecting the ground wheel
or wheel substitute to the draft-force applying means whereby
the ground wheel or wheel substitute may be moved vertically
with respect to the framework by the draft-force applying
means due to a force resulting from resistance of the
apparatus to being moved over the earth by the draft force
applying means.
(1) Note. Apparatus in which the vertical movement of the
ground wheel is only the result of the draft force causing a
ground wheel to rotate so that power from the rotating ground
wheel causes the vertical movement is not included under this
definition. See subclasses 407+, especially subclasses 408+
for apparatus in which a wheel is vertically adjusted by
power from a wheel.
(2) Note. Apparatus comprising a ground wheel or wheel
substitute which moves relatively to the framework due to
irregularities in the surface of the ground and is connected
to a draft means so as to move it correspondingly is not
included. See subclass 239 for such apparatus.
(3) Note. Apparatus in which the draft- force applying means
causes the ground wheel or wheel substitute to move only when
a turn is being made is not included. See subclass 255 for
such apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for apparatus including a ground-engageable draft
responsive lever.
239 for apparatus comprising a ground level responsive depth
control of the type comprising a wheel and a linkage
associated with an articulated hitch to a propelling
vehicle.
255 for apparatus in which a turning movement causes an
earth working element to be lifted off or lowered into the
ground.
subclasses 407+ especially subclasses 408+ for apparatus in
which a wheel is vertically adjusted relative to its running
gear by power derived from the rolling motion of a wheel.
467 for an apparatus comprising an actuator adapted to lift
a tool for transport on a wheeled frame or broadly claimed
implement and also comprising a shiftable hitch for causing
vertical movement of the tool.
588 for apparatus comprising a hitch shiftable on a tongue
for angling gangs of disks.
605 for an apparatus comprising a shiftable hitch for moving
a tool relative to the frame.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working element and a
propelling device therefor, such as a tractor, the connection
between the earth working element and its propelling device
being such that (1) the earth working element tends to sink
lower into the earth from a median working position when the
draft force necessary to propel the element decreases and
tends to raise out of the earth when the draft force
increases or (2) the earth working element tends to move up
and down from a median position relative to its propelling
device as its propelling device pitches down and up,
respectively, over uneven ground so as to maintain an
approximately constant depth in the ground, (3) the earth
working element tends to rise from a median position when the
downward component or suck of the soil pressure increases and
tends to sink from a median position when the downward
component or suck of the soil pressure decreases or (4) the
earth working element tends to move up from a median position
as it approaches or is in a rise of ground and tends to move
down from a median position as it approaches or is in a
depression in the ground.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to provide for linkages
or the like which are automatic in action but wholly
mechanical so as not to fit the definition of the "Automatic"
subclasses. An earth working element which is simply
spring-pressed downwardly or which is merely pivoted at a
forward point may be analyzable as coming under this
definition, but such devices are not so classified. The
devices under the definition comprise linkages or equivalent
mechanism of greater complexity especially intended to
function as stated in the definition. For example, a trailing
implement connected to a tractor by a simple hitch including
a spring so that the earth working tool is raised or lowered
as the spring is stressed due to changes in draft load is
classified in subclass 238 or subclass 678.
(2) Note. Apparatus classified under this definition is
sometimes known as constant draft or constant depth
apparatus.
(3) Note. Apparatus including gauge wheels connected by
linkages to the propelling means to perform the functions set
out in the definition are included.
(4) Note. Merely holding an earth working element down
against a tendency to rise out of the ground is not included.
Such devices are classified according to the structure
claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for automatically operated power control
devices especially subclasses 7+ for automatically operated
power control devices responsive to changes in draft load.
238 for ground wheels moved vertically with respect to the
running gear by means of the draft force (usually for lifting
the earth working element for transport).
subclasses 261+ for earth working elements which shift on
occurrence of an overload.
678 for spring-biased hitches.
779 for a scraper whose position is automatically controlled
by a linkage for leveling.
subclasses 811+ for a scraper positioned in front of a
motor vehicle and maintained in a horizontal position as the
ground supports of the vehicle move over irregular terrain so
that the vehicle tilts sidewise.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 446.1 for articulated vehicles
with a hitch responsive to change in draft load, there being
no disclosure of an earth working element being the cause of
the change in draft load.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a ground wheel or wheel substitute such
as a runner so arranged in the apparatus or so attachable to
the apparatus that when the wheel or wheel substitute engages
the ground the apparatus may not effectively perform its
intended earth working operation but may merely be readily
moved.
(1) Note. A wheel or wheel substitute may be stated to be
for transport only but if as disclosed it may actually engage
the ground in supporting or gauging relation without
precluding the operation of the earth working tool it is not
classified under this definition. Such devices may be found
in subclasses 395+. If the means attaching the wheel or wheel
substitute to the implement can only be used to support the
implement for transport and in any other position the wheel
serves no purpose (e.g., gauging or supporting)
classification under this definition results.
(2) Note. The wheel or wheel substitute may constitute a
part of the earth working element itself, which functions as
a wheel or runner or an earth working element in accordance
with different positions in the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 228 for transporting attachments
for harvesters.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 43+ and 47.131+ for wheel attachments for
vehicles.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus, in
which the wheel or wheel substitute is so positioned with
relation to the earth working element that the entire
apparatus must be turned upside down to bring the wheel or
wheel substitute into ground-engaging position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for apparatus which is adapted for use upside down to
provide an earth working function in either position.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is pivoted about an axis
extending longitudinally of the apparatus to shift it from an
earth working position and enable engagement of the wheel or
wheel substitute with the ground.
(1) Note. The wheel or runner may constitute a part of the
earth working element itself, which functions as a wheel or
runner or an earth working element in accordance with
different positions in the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 224+ for an apparatus comprising axially
rotatable alternately useable tools for right and left hand
operation having wheels which alternately contact the
ground.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in
which a wheel or wheel substitute replaces an earth working
element or is attached directly to an earth working element
or in which an earth working element is manipulated to act as
a wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
535 for a detachable rim for a disk, the rim being used for
an earth working function, e.g., a packing roller rather than
as a ground wheel.
subclasses 540+ for a rolling or rotating earth working
element having spaced teeth, tines, or blades which may be
made by placing such teeth on a wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 38.1 for
wheels useable with ordinary wheels for emergency purposes.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in
which there is a framework supporting an earth working
element and the ground wheel or wheel substitute and the
ground wheel or wheel substitute is so connected to the earth
working element that movement of one relative to the frame is
accompanied by movement of the other relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 397+ for apparatus having a vertically
adjustable ground support which is movable together with a
tool relative to a supporting frame.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus, (A) adapted to be rearranged to perform different
functions, or (B) adapted to be altered so as to operate in a
different way or change its function in some way by (1) the
steps of disassembling the apparatus in some major portion
and then reassembling the apparatus with the same or
different portion, (2) the step of disassembling some major
portion from the apparatus, or (3) the step of assembling
some major portion to the apparatus.
(1) Note. Conversion features are common in this art. A mere
preamble in a claim to the effect that a device is
convertible or is a conversion attachment is generally not
enough for classification under this definition. The
conversion feature should be spelled out as by (a)
specifically claiming one embodiment of an apparatus having a
first function and claiming with that embodiment a feature
useable only for a second conversion function, or (b)
repeated functional statements in the claim, or (c) a
preamble which is so long and detailed that it may be
considered part of the body of the claim. Where no other
suitable classification exists a broad mention of conversion
may be enough for classification under this definition.
(2) Note. The change in the apparatus must be more than
merely placing a part in one of a series of adjacent holes or
in general making a change which amounts to only an
adjustment or minor alteration in the overall functioning of
the device.
(3) Note. The change must be more than to change a part
between an operative and an inoperative position.
(4) Note. When the conversion consists of the assembly of a
part the claim must recite some element of the combination
which has little or no utility when the part is in the
combination but is useful when the part is absent from the
combination.
(5) Note. Various specific types of apparatus which fit this
definition have been considered to be better classified in
subclasses below this subclass and not indented under it as
indicated in the Search Notes. The general rule is that if a
subclass below furnishes a specific home for subject matter
apparently covered by this definition the patent is properly
classified in the subclass below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for a lawn edger convertible to a nonearth working
implement.
34 for a complete apparatus adapted for use upside down.
136 for diverse tools, not of the hand-held type, carried at
the same time in an apparatus but useable alternately only,
by merely changing the position of the tools with respect to
the earth.
243 for an earth working element which is changeable to or
replaced by a ground support for transporting the apparatus.
310 for plural wheeled implements.
341 for hand guided wheeled straddle row type cultivators
with an added intermediate tool.
355 for attendant guided or propelled wheeled implements
with alternately useable tools rocked about a wheel axis.
375 for alternately useable hand-held earth working
elements, carried at the same time in the apparatus and
alternately useable by a mere change of position while
remaining in the apparatus.
subclasses 439+ for a device converting an automatic power
control means to a nonautomatic position controlled mast-type
hitch.
443 for an implement with a mast-type hitch adapted to be
bolted to a tractor as a unit thereby inherently acting to
convert a tractor adapted to use with a simple hitch to one
having a mast-type hitch.
subclasses 452+ for an automatic power control device
converted to a nonautomatic lift device, especially subclass
465 for a device converting an automatic power control means
to a servomotor with a follow-up control (e.g., a position
controlled device).
535 for detachable rims for disks, which rims may be
rollers.
536 for a wheel or roller and an axially adjacent earth
working element on the same axis.
539 for a wheel or roller with a ridge or rim attached to
convert it to an earth working device.
subclasses 540+ for a wheel or roller with blades mounted
on the circumference to convert it to an earth working
device.
541 for a roller with tines, blades, or the like which may
be projected from or withdrawn beneath the surface of the
roller.
568 for a disk gang with a removable section.
577 for a reversible group of rolling earth working
elements.
581 for groups of disk gangs changeable to different
arrangements.
603 for a disk changeable to positions having a different
angular relationship to adjacent structure when viewed in
plan.
625 for plural tool groups which are relatively movable as a
result of operation and connected to a forward draft bar and
have alternate draft means.
subclasses 702+ for an earth working element with a
reversible part.
719 for an earth working element with an added-on cutting or
wearing edge, point, or surface.
735 for an earth working element adjustable to present
different working portions.
subclasses 777+ for a scraper supporting a readily
detachable narrow depending tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 51+
for implements having parts or adjustments permitting
conversion of said implement to a fork, shovel, other
implement, or different type of the same implement.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus
changeable between a condition in which it functions as a
device under the class definition and a condition in which it
functions as a land vehicle having a body portion of general
utility for transporting loads.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus
changeable between a condition in which it functions as a
device under the class definition and a condition in which it
funcitons as a device classifiable in some other class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for a lawn edger convertible to a nonearth working
implement.
246 for an earth working implement changeable to a land
vehicle with a body.
375 for a hand-held implement with alternately useable
diverse tools, one of which may be a tool not classifiable in
this class.
535 for a detachable rim for a disk, which rim may be a
roller.
536 for a wheel with a tool mounted on the same axis for
rotation with the wheel.
539 for a wheel or roller with a ridge or rim attached to
convert it to an earth working device.
subclasses 540+ for a wheel or roller with blades mounted
on the circumference to convert it to an earth working
device.
541 for a roller with tines, blades, or the like which may
be projected from or withdrawn beneath the surface of the
roller, thereby converting the device from one classifiable
in this class to one classifiable in Class 404, Road
Structure, Process, or Apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 403+ for a scraper convertible
to a scoop, shovel, or other material pick up means.
56, Harvesters, subclass 400.04 for hand rakes convertible
to earth working devices.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 51
for hand forks and shovels convertible to earth working
devices.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus in
which an apparatus under the class definition having one
distinct type of draft connection to a propelling means is
convertible or changeable to an apparatus having another
distinct type of draft connection to a propelling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 439+ for a device converting an automatic power
control means to a nonautomatic position controlled mast-type
hitch.
443 for an implement with a mast-type hitch adapted to be
bolted to a tractor as a unit, thereby inherently acting to
convert a tractor adapted to use with a simple hitch to one
having a mast-type hitch.
452 for a device converting an automatic power control means
to a nonautomatic lift device especially subclass 465 for a
device with an automatic control converted to a device having
a servomotor with a follow-up position control.
463 for an apparatus comprising wheeled frame and an
actuator adapted to lift a tool for transport, the lift
actuator and the tool forming a removable unit.
625 for an apparatus comprising plural tool groups movably
connected to a forward transverse draft bar and having
alternate draft means spaced ninety degrees apart.
subclasses 677+ for earth working implements with some
significant detail of the hitch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 415.1 for articulated vehicles
with convertible hitches, and subclass 474 for articulated
vehicles with selectively rigid or flexible hitches.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus which
is changeable between a condition in which it has a plurality
of spaced earth working elements to a condition in which the
plurality if elements have been joined or juxtaposed to form
a part of a single earth working element.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus
adapted to be altered so as to operate in a different way or
change its function in some way by (1) the steps of
disassembling the apparatus in some major portion and then
reassembling the apparatus with the same or different
portions, (2) the step of disassembling some major portion
from the apparatus, or (3) the step of assembling some major
portion to the apparatus.
(1) Note. See the definition of subclass 245 for Notes
limiting and explaining this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for an earth working element replaceable by a ground
support.
subclasses 702+ for an earth working element with a
reversible part.
719 for an earth working element with an added-on cutting or
wearing edge, point, or surface.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Apparatus which
is changeable from a device having an earth working element
of one kind to a device in which said earth working element
has been replaced by or changed to an earthworking element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for diverse tools, not of the hand-held type, carried at
the same time in an apparatus but usable alternately only, by
disassembling and assembling the tools to change their
position with respect to the earth.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Apparatus in
which the change is brought about by adding to an earth
working element or a major portion of an earth working
element a part to form an earth working element of a
different shape or size than the original earth working
element, said part not being intended for use as an earth
working element by itself in the apparatus.
(1) Note. Merely attaching an earth working element to a
nominally recited spring tooth or rigid earth working tooth
is not included, the tooth in that case being considered
merely a standard. However, if some earth working
configuration of the tooth is claimed the device is
classifiable under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
535 for detachable rims for disks.
708 for an earth working element attached to a spring
tooth.
719 for an earth working element with an added-on cutting or
wearing edge, point, or surface.
subclasses 777+ for a scraper supporting a readily
detachable narrow depending tool.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Apparatus in
which the alteration of the apparatus comprises the addition
of an earth working element or the removal of an earth
working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 for hand guided wheeled straddle row type cultivators
with an added intermediate tool.
568 for a disk gang with a removable section.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Apparatus in
which the alteration comprises placing an earth working
element in distinctly different positions relative to
adjacent supporting structure so that the element may perform
its earth working function in each of these different
positions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
554 for a disk changeable to positions having a different
angular relationship to adjacent structure when viewed in
plan.
577 for a reversible group of rolling earth working
elements.
581 for groups of disks changeable to different
arrangements.
subclasses 702+ for a reversible part. Where the
rearrangement of a tool results merely from reversing a
nonrolling tool or part thereof, a standard, or a reversible
part between such a tool and a standard or the standard and a
beam, classification is in subclasses 702+.
735 for an earth working element adjustable to prevent a
different working portion.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means for lifting an earth working
element out of the ground or lowering the element into ground
engagement responsive to a change in the direction of
movement of the apparatus over the ground or responsive to a
steering means for changing the direction of movement of the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 278+ for apparatus with actuating means for
horizontally angling the axis of rotation of a ground wheel,
which angling may be accompanied by a vertical movement of
the wheel with respect to its carrying frame but there being
no turning of the implement as a result of the wheel angling,
particularly subclasses 279+ for an implement part
interconnected with a motor vehicle steering means, subclass
283 for a wheel on a trailing implement responding to turning
movement and interconnected with an adjustable earth working
element, and subclass 287 for a wheel on a nonself-propelled
device having means to angle it horizontally and
interconnected with an earth working element. In subclasses
279+, 283, and 287 the earth working element does not move
off or into the ground responsive to turning movement.
subclasses 383+ for apparatus with a ground wheel whose
axis of rotation may be adjusted to different angular
positions and in which horizontal angling may be accompanied
by vertical wheel movement but there being no turning of the
implement as a result of the wheel angling.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising (1) a self-propelled vehicle having
means such that an attendant walking on the ground may guide
the vehicle, or (2) a vehicle made up of a self-propelled
frame section having a ground wheel and another frame section
having a ground wheel connected to the self-propelled section
by a pivot means providing a vertical axis, the
self-propelled section when in use being unstable except for
its connection to the other section.
(1) Note. The disclosure of an unstable tractor (e.g., one
or two wheel) which is guided by a walking attendent will be
classified under this definition even though (1) the guiding
means (e.g., handles) or (2) the motor, is not claimed,
provided the claim includes some recitation of (1) the
tractor or tractor frame, or (2) the handles, respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 42+ for an implement with a drive means for a
tool or cleaner and guided by a walking attendant.
subclasses 329+ for an implement comprising a vehicle other
than a self-propelled vehicle and guided by a walking
attendant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 14.7, for a harvester deriving its
motive power from a tractor to which it is hitched, and
16.7+, for a motor-driven lawn mower guided by a walking
attendant.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 19.1 for a motor driven
vehicle guided by a walking attendant.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 47.11 for a wheeled vehicle in
which the wheel is steered by the attendant.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in
which the apparatus is guided by an attendant riding
thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
433 for a riding attachment on other than a self-propelled
implement.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus
comprising an endless track traction means or a drive for one
ground wheel only.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 414.5 for articulated vehicles
having an actuator for vertically moving a wheel of a
trailing vehicle.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in
which a ground wheel may be vertically adjustable with
respect to its carrying frame.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus
having an actuator for causing an earth working element to
move vertically with respect to its supporting frame.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for apparatus in which there is an unstable propulsion
unit vertically pivotally connected to another section with a
riding attendant and there is also a means for causing an
earth working element to move vertically.
Subclass:
260.5
HAVING TOOL OVERLOAD SHIFT CONTROLLED BY A FLUID PRESSURE
DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including (a) an earth working element; (b) means
permitting the element to change position with respect to the
ground, or with respect to its supporting or propelling
means, when it meets an obstacle while being drawn over the
ground, and (c) a fluid pressure responsive means (e.g., a
hydraulic system) to yieldingly resist the change in position
of the element.
(1) Note. The patents classified herein include overload
shift mechanisms of the type found in this class, either in
subclasses 261+ or subclasses 705+, but also with the
recitation of fluid pressure responsive means to control the
overload shifting. This subclass is intended to provide a
locus for fluid pressure responsive tool overload shift
mechanisms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 151 for a trip mechanism claimed in
combination with a planting machine.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working element and means
permitting the element to shift with respect to the earth or
with respect to its supporting or propelling means when it
meets an obstacle while being drawn over the field, said
means (1) having a high initial resistance to said shifting
of the element, which resistance decreases after the element
starts to shift, or (2) requiring manual resetting by an
attendant (e.g., a shear pin).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for driven earth working elements having the teeth or
like earth working part or portions thereof so flexibly or
yieldably mounted on a driven carrier member that said teeth
or like parts or portions will yield on encountering an
obstacle.
subclasses 233+ for an obstruction feeler for moving an
implement to avoid an obstruction, including devices for
forming small dams in the ground having feelers sensing
accumulations of earth.
238 for a ground support moved vertically relative to a
frame by a draft force.
subclasses 528+ for a rolling earth working element with
means for stopping or retarding its motion.
683 for an earth working element latched in earth working
position, the latch being manually releasable.
subclasses 705+ for spring-biased tools in which the spring
resistance remains constant or increases as the tool shifts
from normal working position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 151 for a trip mechanism claimed in
combination with a planting machine.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 9 for
unearthing devices with overload release.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 14.5 for vehicle trains with
an overload release. The trailing vehicle in subclass 14.5
may be a broadly named implement combined with means to
control the application of pulling power on the occurrance of
an overload.
280, Land Vehicles subclasses 449+ for articulated vehicles
with an overload release connection between them.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, subclasses 30+ for an overload
release device in rotary drive elements.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus in
which the earth working element, upon the occurrence of an
overload, shifts to an inoperative position and a second
earth working element is brought into operative position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 528+ for a rolling earth working element with
means to stop or retard rotation at will.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus in
which there is an actuator which is separated from adjacent
and associated structure when the earth working element
shifts.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
wherein resilient means is employed to resist shifting of the
element, the resilient means returning the element to
operative position after passing of the overload.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 705+ for spring-biased tools in which the spring
resistance remains constant or increases as the tool shifts
from normal working position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 455 for articulated vehicles
having an overload release of the type having a pivoted jaw
or hook with a resilient keeper.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Apparatus
wherein the movable element pivots about a fixed point on the
support.
(1) Note. This definition excludes those devices in which
the movable element pivots about an axis and the axis also
moves as a result of the overload shift.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 452+ for articulated
vehicles having an overload release of the type having a
pivoted jaw or hook.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus
including two links pivoted to one another, one of the links
also being pivoted to the implement and the other of the
links being also pivoted to the support, the links being so
positioned as to offer a high initial resistance to movement
of the tool from working position and a decreased resistance
after some movement has occurred.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Apparatus in
which the angularity between the links when in a normal or
unshifted position is adjustable.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Apparatus in
which the axes of the two links are disposed at an angle to
each other of less than 90 deg. when the implement is in the
normal or unshifted position.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
wherein the element is substantially rigidly held in place by
a resiliently biased latch device until a predetermined
overload occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for an element held in position by mere frictional
resistance with an adjacent element and overcomes the
frictional resistance to move upon the occurrence of an
abnormal load.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 455 for articulated vehicles
having an overload release of the type having a pivoted jaw
or hook with a resilient keeper.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, subclasses 37+ for an overload
release coupling including a resiliently biased positive
drive connection.
Subclass:
270
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
wherein a friction clamp is employed to rigidly hold the
element in place until a predetermined overload occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
269 for an element held in position by a resilient latch
which yields upon overload to permit the element to shift.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, subclasses 30+ for friction
drive connections in rotary drive overload release devices.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
wherein the element is rigidly held in place by means
destructible upon the occurrence of a predetermined
overload.
(1) Note. The destructible means is usually a break pin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 451 for articulated vehicles
having an overload release of the frangible type.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a self-propelled vehicle and
specifically claimed means to permit and facilitate rapid
attachment of an implement thereto with a minimum amount of
labor.
(1) Note. It is recognized that the terms "rapid attachment"
and "minimum amount of labor" are difficult to limit and
define. The attachment should be accomplished without the
necessity of tools and/or with little or no direct manual
effort required on the part of an attendant to position the
implement.
(2) Note. The following is illustrative of subject matter
included under this definition:
(a) Apparatus in which a preliminary or pilot connection is
made which supports or positions the implement or implement
part on the tractor before the principal connection is
completed.
(b) Apparatus in which the connection can be completed by
engaging an implement part with a tractor part without the
addition of a separate connecting member (the connection may
be tightened after engagement).
(c) Apparatus in which the tractor is driven into
interfitting relation with the implement (e.g.,
self-coupling) or in which the connection can be completed
without the necessity of the attendant leaving the tractor.
(3) Note. If a self-propelled vehicle is disclosed it need
not be claimed as such for classification under this
definition. Any reference in the claim to a structure
disclosed as a self-propelled vehicle is sufficient.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 477+ for means to facilitate
the connection of articulated vehicles.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 35.1 for
devices for securing a body to a vehicle.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for
joints and connections of general application.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 563 for towing
apparatus adapted to engage one end of a vehicle and elevate
it into towing position, and subclasses 697+ for material
moving devices with a vertically swinging load support of the
tilting shovel or fork type with means to facilitate mounting
them upon a motor vehicle.
Subclass:
273
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is entirely located in front
of the rearmost point of the frame or wheels of the
self-propelled vehicle when connected thereto in working
relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 297+ for tools mounted forward of the rear of a
self-propelled vehicle.
Subclass:
274
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which the implement is provided with ground-support means
(e.g., wheel or stand) to sustain a portion of the weight
thereof, said ground-support means being separate from the
ground-support of the self-propelled vehicle.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a runner or
landside which forms part of or is closely associated with an
earth working element.
(2) Note. The ground support may be operative only when the
implement is disconnected from the self-propelled vehicle or
may be operative at all times.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 763.1 for a land vehicle having
a retractable ground support to stabilize the vehicle when
not in use, subclasses 423.1+ for semi-trailers with landing
gear, and subclass 475 for articulated vehicles having a
retractable ground support.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which the self-propelled vehicle and implement assume a
coupled or connected relationship as a result of relative
movement toward one another in a horizontal plane and require
no manual manipulation at the time of making the connection.
(1) Note. This definition includes apparatus where a manual
manipulation may be required to preset or condition one of
the connecting members for the connecting action prior to
relative movement and actual connection of the parts.
(2) Note. This definition includes apparatus having a
plurality of connecting points between the self-propelled
vehicle and implement wherein at least one of the points is
self-coupling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 434+ and 508+ for coupling
devices between articulated vehicles which are automatically
connected by movement of one of the vehicles toward the
other.
Subclass:
278
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising (1) an actuating means for moving the
axis of rotation of a ground wheel to different positions of
adjustment in a horizontal angular direction with respect to
the running gear, or (2) means to change the horizontal
angular direction of the axis of rotation of a ground wheel
mounted on an implement with respect to the running gear in
response to articulative movement between the implement and
propulsion means for the implement.
(1) Note. The terminology "actuating means" as used above is
meant to include "steering" or an "actuator" as defined in
the class definition.
(2) Note. There must be some specific description in a claim
of the steering means or a specific relationship to the
steering means for classification under this definiton;
merely calling for a steerable tractor or steerable wheel is
not enough.
(3) Note. The "running gear" is the framework most
intimately connected with the wheels. It does not include a
mere draft tongue. For steering a trailing vehicle by
swinging a draft tongue relative to its wheels see subclasses
324+.
(4) Note. Means for changing the direction of a freely
swiveling caster by swinging the running gear are not
included. There must be some means for positively causing the
wheel to turn with respect to its running gear.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 23+ for an implement guided by a stationary
object, including an implement guided by a feeler element
running in a previously made furrow.
subclasses 256+ especially 257 for steering devices
comprising means for swinging an unstable propulsion unit
with respect to another unit pivoted thereto on a vertical
axis.
subclasses 383+ for devices in which the axis of a wheel is
angularly adjustable but there are not actuating means for
making the adjustment.
580 for disk gangs with power means for horizontally angling
them.
subclasses 591+ for disk gangs with handle-operated
horizontal angling means.
799 for a vehicle with a scraper between front and rear
supports and means for horizontally angling a ground wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for
guiding a vehicle along the furrow.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 6.2 for vehicles steered by
driving and subclasses 400+ for steering gear.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 6.15 for a land vehicle of
general utility including means, interposed between the
vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame which may or may not include steering; subclasses
124.11+ for a land vehicle of general utility including a
pivotally mounted axle or axle assembly providing resilient,
shock absorbing support which may or may not include
steering; subclasses 137.5+ for a land vehicle of general
utility including a turnable axle lacking resilient, shock
absorbing support; subclass 419 for a vehicle train including
interconnected steering of the plural articulated vehicles;
subclasses 442+ for a vehicle train including steering
control of a following vehicle's wheel through articulate
movement of the interconnecting draft member; or subclasses
771+ for a land vehicle of general utility including occupant
operated steering, especially subclass 87.2 wherein a
controlled wheel is offset from the main running gear of the
vehicle. With regard to an articulated vehicle or a vehicle
train, see the (3) Note in Class 280 definition and the (1)
Note in Class 280, subclass 400 definition for a further
statement of the class line.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus in
which the steering means is for steering a wheel of a
self-propelled vehicle and is connected to an earth working
device by a linkage so that movement of the steering means
causes movement of a part of the earth working device
relative to other parts or a movement of the earth working
device with respect to the vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for means interconnected with a steering means for
moving an implement vertically responsive to turns.
282 for an implement having an articulated connection with a
propulsion means, the implement having a ground wheel which
turns on turning movement of the propulsion means due to a
connection with the propulsion means itself rather than a
connection with the steering linkage of the propulsion
means.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus
wherein the element of said device which is moved comprises a
ground wheel or the like.
(1) Note. The mere motion of a caster wheel on the device
due to a movement of said device is not included. There must
be some linkage for positively causing movement of the wheel
of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
282 for a wheel on a device carrying an earth working
element which is moved in response to turning movement of a
propulsion means rather than by a means connected with the
steering linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 137.5 for a land vehicle of
general utility including a turnable axle lacking resilient,
shock absorbing support; subclass 419 for a vehicle train
having interconnected steering of the plural units; or
subclasses 442+ for a vehicle train including steering
control of a following vehicle's wheel through articulative
movement of the interconnecting draft member.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus
wherein the portion of the device which is moved is an earth
working element mounting means extending crosswise of the
line of draft and movable relative to its support in an
endwise direction.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus in
which the ground wheel whose position is changeable is on an
implement which trails behind and has an articulated
connection with a propulsion means such that the wheel is
caused to turn relative to the implement by turning movement
of the propulsion means relative to the implement.
(1) Note. A freely swiveling caster wheel is not included.
There must be some means for positively causing the wheel to
turn when the propulsion means turns.
(2) Note. A hitch attached to a swinging axle carrying
wheels so as to swing the axle with respect to the running
gear when the propulsion means turns is included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 for an implement wheel connected with the steering
linkage of a self-propelled vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 426 for articulated vehicles
wherein the wheels of a semi-trailer are steered as a result
of the articulate motion, and subclasses 442+ for articulated
vehicles wherein the wheels are steered by articulative
movement.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
wherein the ground wheel and an earth working element
supported by the implement frame are interconnected whereby
when the wheel is caused to turn the earth working element is
also caused to move relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for an implement in which an earth working element is
moved vertically responsive to turning.
287 for a steering wheel interconnected with an earth
working element wherein the wheel is mounted on a
non-self-propelled device.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in
which the horizontal angularity of the axis of rotation of
the ground wheel is selectively adjustable independently of
the change caused by turning movement of the propulsion
means.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in
which a wheel located to the rear of the tool is angled.
(1) Note. If more than one tool is present, the wheel must
be behind all the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
283 for actuated wheels on trailing implements
interconnected with an adjustable tool and located to the
rear of the tool.
284 for actuated wheels on trailing implements provided with
additional angular adjusting means.
291 for a steerable wheel on a nonself-propelled implement
in which the wheel is behind the tool.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus in
which the said wheel is part of an implement frame which does
not carry its own propelling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
799 for a nonself-propelled vehicle with a scraper between
front and rear supports and means for horizontally angling a
ground wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 124.11 for a land vehicle of
general utility including a pivotally mounted axle or axle
assembly providing resilient, shock absorbing support which
may or may not include steering; subclasses 137.5+ for a land
vehicle of general utility including a turnable axle lacking
resilient, shock absorbing support; subclass 419 for a
vehicle train including interconnected steering of the plural
articulated vehicles; subclasses 442+ for a vehicle train
including steering control of a following vehicle's wheel
through articulative movement of the interconnecting draft
member; or subclasses 771+ for a land vehicle of general
utility including occupant operated steering.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
wherein the wheel and an earth working element supported by
the frame are interconnected whereby when the wheel is caused
to turn the earth working element is also caused to move
relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for an implement which is adustable to move soil in
opposite directions and having a wheel whose position is
changed in response to the adjustment.
255 for an implement with an earth working element which is
moved vertically when the implement is turned.
279 for an implement part interconnected with a
self-propelled vehicle steering means.
283 for a wheel interconnected with an earth working element
which turns in response to turning movement of the propulsion
means.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in
which two or more wheels are interconnected whereby they are
constrained to move relative to one another when angled.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Apparatus in
which there are two wheels each of which is mounted on its
individual axle and wherein the axles are aligned
transversely of the implement and are interconnected for
concurrent movement.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
wherein two wheels are supported by one axle mounted for
pivotal swinging movement about a vertical axis.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in
which the wheel is located to the rear of the tool.
(1) Note. If more than one tool is present the wheel must be
behind all of the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
283 for actuated wheels on trailing implements
interconnected with an adjustable tool and located to the
rear of the tool.
284 for actuated wheels on trailing implements provided with
additional angular adjusting means.
285 for actuated wheels on trailing implements which are
located to the rear of the tool.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a motor or motor-actuated means for
traversing an implement over the ground.
(1) Note. Self-propelled or tractor-propelled implements are
common in this art. In order for a patent to be classified
under this definition the propulsion means must be recited in
some detail. The mere recitation of a motor is not enough.
However, a broad reference to a wheel substitute such as a
tracklaying means on a tractor is sufficient. Also a
recitation of a relationship with the propulsion means such
as the statement that an implement hitch arm is connected to
a differential housing (as distinct from merely a rear axle
housing) is enough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 114+ for specific propelling means for driven
tools.
subclasses 256+ for a propulsion unit guided by a walking
attendant or part of an articulated vehicle.
352 for manually driven stepper-type propulsion means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for
power transmitting means.
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for
self-propelled vehicles.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for specific
propelling means for land vehicles.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate
subclasses for track or stepper means for vehicles.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising power driven actuating means and means
whereby a plurality of like elements (such as earth working
elements or wheels) are moved one after another by the
actuating means after only one setting of a control device
for the actuating means.
(1) Note. Manually actuated devices are excluded. Power is
derived from a motor such as a servomotor or by a mechanical
power take-off as from a rolling wheel or motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
407 for a ground support which is vertically adjustable
relative to a frame by power-operated means.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in
which the actuating means comprises a plurality of
servomotors which are serially operated to correspondingly
move the separate parts of the apparatus.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in
which at least one of the like elements comprises an earth
working element which is mounted on a self-propelled vehicle
forwardly of the rear of said vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 for a plurality of like elements sequentially operated
by servomotors.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in
which the power-driven actuating means comprises a rotatable
shaft having radially projecting portions arranged at
longitudinally and circumferentially spaced points on said
shaft, and means operatively connected to the like elements
of the apparatus for sequentially moving them, said means
being located in the paths of said radially projecting
portions so that the lost motion due to the circumferential
spacing of the portions causes sequential motion of said
parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
407 for a ground support which is vertically adjustable
relative to a frame by power-operated means.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working element which is
entirely located in front of the rearmost point of the frame
or wheels of a self-propelled vehicle.
(1) Note. Patents having a sole specific disclosure of an
earth working element forward of the rear of a self-propelled
vehicle are classified under this definition even if the
location is not claimed, provided that some reference to the
vehicle is made in the claims. The reference to the vehicle
may be no more than a reference to a frame disclosed as
rigidly attached to the vehicle.
(2) Note. The rearmost point is determined by the direction
of movement of the vehicle when in use, the earth working
element being ahead of the rear in the direction of
movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 for an earth working element located forward of the rear
of a self-propelled vehicle and having means to facilitate
mounting of the element thereon.
295 for a plurality of tools, which are sequentially
operated by a power cycle, at least one of which is located
forward of the rear of a motor vehicle.
780 and 781+, for a scraper between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle.
subclasses 810+ for an earth working element in front of a
self-propelled vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclasses 780+ for four-wheeled
scrapers in which the scraper is mounted ahead of the rear
wheels.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 496 for articulated vehicles
having the point of connection of the draft means for a
trailing vehicle located forward of the axis of the rear axle
of the leading vehicle.
293, Vehicle Fenders, subclass 58 for individual wheel
guards attached to vehicles and extending downwardly in front
of each front wheel to clear objects from the path of the
wheel.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus in
which the earth working element ahead of the rear of the
motor vehicle is part of an implement which has a wheel or
wheel substitute which is separate and distinct from the
motor vehicle ground support means.
(1) Note. If the ground support under this definition
comprises a wheel substitute, it must be a wheel substitute
as defined in subclass 387 of this class. This definition
does not include a runner or landside forming a part of or
closely associated with an earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
832 and 834, for an implement mounted ahead of a motor
vehicle and having a ground support.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus
provided with an actuator for lifting the earth working
element out of ground contact to transport position, said
actuator including a power means comprising a servomotor or a
power take-off and (1) having means operative to permit
movement of the power means output member without moving the
earth working element, the range of movement being such that
the earth working element may remain in working position or
transport position while the power means output member
traverses its full range of movement between transport and
working position or (2) having means for preventing operation
of the power means in addition to the normal controls for the
power means.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. Various commonly used means, such as chain
connection between a rock arm and a drag bar, are inherently
capable of being used to allow full movement of the power
means without moving the earth working element, but such
devices are not classified under this definition unless this
function is specifically described.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus
including also an earth working element positioned to the
rear of the self-propelled vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for a plurality of tools which are sequentially operated
by a power cycle, at least one of the tools being located
forward of the rear of a motor vehicle.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus
provided with actuators for independently lifting different
earth working elements out of ground contact to transport
position said actuators including a plurality of power units
comprising independently operated servomotors or power
take-offs.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuators" see the class
definition of "actuator".
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Apparatus in
which there is a power unit for at least one rearwardly
mounted unit and a power unit for at least one forwardly
mounted unit, the power unit for the rearwardly mounted unit
being operable independently of the power unit for any
forwardly mounted unit.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus
provided with an actuator for lifting the earth working
element out of ground contact to transport position said
actuator including a power means comprising a servomotor or a
power take-off and in addition a lever means manipulable by
an attendant for moving the earth working element or the
power means or a part thereof to effect an adjustment of the
earth working element by human power or for acting as an
adjustable stop to alter the range of movement imparted to
the earth working element by the power means.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
485 for a power means for lifting a tool for transport on a
wheeled frame and having a manual adjusting or actuating
means.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of earth working elements and a
plurality of actuators which are independently operable to
independently move different earth working elements out of
ground contact to transport position.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuators" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 230+ for parallel separate tools alternating for
right and left hand operation having independently operable
means for alternating the operating position of the tools, as
by raising and lowering the latter.
subclasses 301+ for tools mounted ahead of the rear and to
the rear of a motor vehicle and having independent power
units for raising the tools.
468 for a plurality of tools with separate actuators to
independently lift the tools for transport on a wheeled
frame.
subclasses 784+ for a scraper mounted between front and
rear ground supports of a vehicle and a diverse tool with
independently operable actuators for the scraper and tool.
subclasses 786+ for a scraper mounted between front and
rear ground supports of a vehicle and another scraper with
independently operable actuators for the scrapers.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus
comprising a power device or attendant-operated lever such as
a handle for moving an earth working element to different
positions laterally of the line of draft so as to work the
earth in such different positions.
(1) Note. Apparatus comprising an actuating means for moving
an earth working element in a vertical plane positioned
diagonally of the line of draft is not included under this
definition. See subclass 309.
(2) Note. The tool moving means may be an actuator to set
and hold the tool in any of a number of adjusted positions or
may be a handle requiring the continued application of force
by an attendant to hold the tool in the desired lateral
position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for a tool located forward of the rear of a motor
vehicle and which is laterally shiftable through
interconnection with the vehicle steering means.
subclasses 781+ for a scraper mounted between front and
rear supports of a vehicle with an actuator for moving the
scraper laterally.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus in
which the wheel frame has a front and a rear axle and there
are means (other than the wheel frame) connecting the earth
working element to the front axle.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus
provided with an actuator for lifting the earth working
element out of ground contact to transport position including
a pair of approximately parallel struts pivoted to the earth
working element and the wheeled frame so as to give the earth
working element an approximately translatory motion as it is
moved between transport and working positions.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
484 for an actuating means having parallel links for lifting
a tool for transport on a wheeled frame.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus
comprising a generally longitudinally extending bar
supporting an earth working element, means at the rearward
portion of said bar connecting it to the self-propelled
vehicle, an actuator for lifting the earth working element
out of ground contact to transport position and means at the
forward portion of said bar connecting it to the actuator.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
479 for tools lifted for transport on a wheeled frame by an
actuator, the tool being pivoted to the frame on a transverse
pivot axis and the actuating means being connected to the
tool forward of the pivot axis.
788 for a scraper mounted between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle and connected to the vehicle by a push
bar which is liftable by an actuator.
subclasses 810+ particularly 828+, for a motor vehicle
having a tool mounted ahead of it connected to the vehicle by
a push bar which is liftable by an actuator.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is movable from earth
engaging to transport position and is pivoted on a horizontal
axis extending diagonally of the line of draft in moving
between said positions.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which there are plural earth working devices and
plural ground wheels, the different ground wheels or groups
of ground wheels being intimately associated with different
earth working devices or groups of earth working devices.
(1) Note. Plural earth working devices and plural wheels are
not classified under this definition if the wheels are
equally associated with each ground working device, e.g., a
single transverse tool bar supported on wheels at each end
with trailing drag bars supporting earth working elements is
not classified under this definition, but a plurality of drag
bars supporting earth working elements, each drag bar having
its own gauge wheel is classified under this definition.
(2) Note. The definition includes devices comprising a
tractor having earth working elements mounted thereon and
also propelling an implement comprising an earth working
element and wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 for plural wheeled implements connected to a motor
vehicle, at least one of the implements being forward of the
rear of the motor vehicle.
392 for plural runner supported implements which are
relatively movable during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, for wheeled vehicle attachments to receive and hold a
rope and that are adapted to be released upon appreciable
pull on the rope subclass 411.1 for articulated vehicles
wherein a plurality of trailing vehicles are drawn by a
propelling vehicle.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus
comprising a vehicle having associated therewith an earth
working implement having a wheel, the earth working implement
being extended laterally from the vehicle and the implement
being adjustable to a position closer to the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus
comprising a self-propelled vehicle and a trailing implement,
a draft connection of the implement to the vehicle being
forward of the rear axle of the vehicle.
(1) Note. The implement may be actually readily detachably
coupled to the tractor behind the rear axle, but if the
tractor carries additional structure forming a continuation
of the implement beam or frame which structure extends to a
point forward of the rear axle the device is included in this
definition.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of transversely spaced wheeled
implements having separate draft tongues or members for
attachment to different draft animals or vehicles.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus
comprising at least three implements aligned in a direction
at an angle other than 90 deg. with respect to the line of
travel, each implement having a wheel.
(1) Note. Each implement may consist of more than one earth
working element.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working device trailing behind
a propelling vehicle and an actuator completely carried by
the device, the actuator being under the control of an
attendant stationed on the vehicle.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The broad combination defined above is basically
very common in the art. For classification under this
definition a claim should refer to the relationship of the
actuator to the vehicle in some significant detail to
indicate that the actuator is controlled from the vehicle.
(3) Note. A trailing device under the definition must have
at least a part thereof resting on the ground and after
operation of the actuator a part of the device must still
rest on the ground.
(4) Note. The trailing device comprehends the organization
which is intended to be attached to the vehicle by the user
of the device.
(5) Note. It is difficult at times to determine whether the
actuator should be considered to be completely carried by the
earth working device or partly carried by the vehicle.
Generally both the part of the actuator for effecting
movement and the part for holding something in position must
be supported on the device but the actuator may react against
the vehicle. In the case of an actuator of the power take-off
type it is sufficient if the power take-off clutch is mounted
on the device. In the case of an actuator of the hydraulic
ram type both the cylinder and the piston of the ram must be
supported on the device. In the case of an actuator of the
lever and ratchet type both the lever and ratchet must be
supported on the device. In the case of an actuator of the
telescoping internally threaded cylinder and externally
threaded rod type both the rod and the cylinder must be
supported on the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
463 for an actuator carried on an implement adapted to lift
the implement for transport on a wheeled frame.
subclasses 591+ for horizontally adjustable disk gangs in
which a manually operated lever is actuated by an attendant
not described as being on the tractor and the draft force of
the tractor then causes an angling movement of the gangs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 407 for articulated vehicles
wherein the load of a trailer on a leading vehicle is
adjusted by adjusting the point of application of draft to
the leading vehicle, and subclasses 420+ for articulated
vehicles having service connections.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus in
which the actuator is a servomotor carried by the implement.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for implements liftable for transport on a wheeled frame
by means of a servo-motor.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a vehicle, an earth working device
trailing behind the vehicle, and an actuator on the vehicle
for moving parts of the earth working device relative to each
other while at least some part of the device remains on the
ground.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. A relative movement of parts incident to lifting
the device off the ground for transport is not included. Also
relative movement which results merely from gravity and a
lost motion connection is not included, as where an implement
frame is lifted and a gauge wheel thereupon drops.
(3) Note. Merely rocking an earth working element about a
wheel axis is not included. See subclasses 321 and 322+ for
such devices.
(4) Note. The parts which are usually relatively moved are
an earth working element with respect to the implement frame
or a gauge wheel with respect to the implement frame.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Apparatus
comprising an actuator carried on the vehicle and connected
to an implement so that movement of the actuator causes some
relatively vertical motion to occur between the implement
wheel, or wheel substitute, and the frame of the implement
which carries said wheel.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The actuator must apply some positive force to the
wheel axle. Merely lifting the implement frame and thereby
dropping the wheel due to a lost motion connection is not
included. See subclass 321 for such apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for apparatus in which a wheel is moved vertically with
respect to its running gear in response to the draft load.
subclasses 293+ for devices of this nature in which the
wheels are sequentially operated by a power cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 407 for articulated vehicles
wherein the load of a trailer on a leading vehicle is
adjusted by adjusting the point of application of draft to
the leading vehicle, and subclass 414.5 for articulated
vehicles having an actuator for vertically moving a wheel of
a trailing vehicle.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Apparatus in
which there is a means for moving the hitch connection of the
implement with the vehicle, the hitch moving means being
interconnected in operation with the wheel moving means.
(1) Note. The interconnecting means must be something
additional in the structure such as a linkage. Apparatus in
which the hitch moves merely because relative movement of the
wheel moves the implement beam or frame is not included. Such
apparatus is found in subclass 318.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Apparatus in
which the earth working device comprises a group of rolling-
generally circular platelike elements, each having the same
axis of rotation, the actuator on the vehicle being effective
to adjust said axis in a horizontal plane.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 584+ and 599, for disk gangs in which the axis
of rotation of the gang may be adjusted.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a vehicle having associated therewith an
earth working device including a ground wheel, said vehicle
carrying an actuator for moving the earth working device.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 for a wheeled implement mounted ahead of the rear of a
motor vehicle and means on the vehicle for moving the
implement.
832 and 834, for a wheeled implement mounted ahead of a
motor vehicle and means on the vehicle for moving the
implement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 407 for articulated vehicles
wherein the load of a trailer on a leading vehicle is
adjusted by adjusting the point of application of draft to
the leading vehicle, and subclasses 490.1+ for articulated
vehicles wherein the draft means may be vertically adjusted
with respect to at least one of the vehicles or the ground.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a ground wheel having an axis of
rotation, a member extending radially from the axis of
rotation and pivotally connected thereto, an earth working
element connected to said member, and an actuator for
pivotally moving said member and earth working element about
the axis of rotation without changing the position of the
earth working element with respect to the member.
(1) Note. See the class definition for the meaning of
"actuator".
(2) Note. The movement of an earth working element about the
axis of a ground wheel which may take place when a wheel of a
stable wheeled frame is adjusted vertically with respect to
the frame and another wheel is not included under this
definition. See subclasses 395+ for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 329+ for apparatus comprising an earth working
element rockable about a wheel axis by a handle held in
position by an attendant.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Apparatus in
which an unstable frame carrying the ground wheel is moved
with respect to the ground by the actuator.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. It is sometimes difficult to say whether or not a
part should be considered a frame carrying the ground wheel
or merely a frame carrying an earth working element. The
frame carrying the ground wheel is the running gear of the
apparatus. If it is shown as supporting a seat for the
attendant or directly attached to a hitch means such as a
tongue it is considered to be the running gear or "frame" of
the definition.
(3) Note. The "unstable frame carrying the gound wheel" of
the definition is a frame which relies on a draft connection
to a propelling means such as a tractor or horse or on the
contact of an earth working tool with the ground to keep it
in a fixed position, e.g., a two wheeled frame is unstable
while one with more than two wheels on different axes is
stable. A frame is considered to be unstable if it is
"unstable" in any position of adjustment, e.g., as when an
actuator causes a wheel of a stable frame to leave the ground
to thereby cause the frame to be of the "unstable" type. See
subclasses 395+ for a stable wheeled frame carrying an earth
working element, the stable frame being tilted about the axis
of a wheel by a vertical adjustment of another wheel relative
to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 109 for
an apparatus comprising an unearthing unit on a vehicular
break frame.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a framework having a ground support
(e.g., wheels or wheel substitutes) a draft means for
connecting it to a propulsion means and an actuator on the
framework or draft means for moving the draft means
vertically relative to the framework or laterally of the line
of draft.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The draft means may be a tongue, and a movement of
the tongue is considered a movement of the draft means.
(3) Note. Relative movement of the draft means and the frame
caused merely by a relative movement of the ground support
with respect to the frame (e.g., a tongue truck moved
vertically with respect to the main frame) is not included
under this definition. The actuator must include
force-exerting means acting between the frame and draft
means. See subclasses 395+ for a ground support relatively
adjustable vertically with respect to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 315+ for apparatus in which a draft means is
moved with respect to a wheeled frame by an actuator on the
wheeled frame claimed in detail as controlled from a
propelling vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 218 for harvesters with adjustable
tongues.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 83 for a vertically adjustable
tongue truck, subclasses 456.1+ for a laterally adjustable
hitch between a tractor and trailer, particularly, subclasses
467+ for a laterally adjustable trailer tongue, subclasses
463+ for articulated vehicles having actuator means provided
for selective adjustment of the draft means on the trailing
vehicle, and subclass 490.1 for a vertically adjustable hitch
between a tractor and trailer.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus in
which the draft means comprises a tongue on the framework,
and an earth working element is connected to the tongue so as
to be rigidly related to it and to move with it when it is
moved by the actuator.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The earth working element may be adjustable with
respect to the tongue but must be rigidly related to it in
any position of adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 56 for forward and rearward sections
connected by a transverse pivot and capable of a buckling
action to lift certain parts of the planter.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus in
which the draft means is moved vertically with respect to the
framework.
(1) Note. In those devices in which the hitch means has a
very minor vertical movement due to its manner of support on
the frame but accomplishes its function due to a horizontal
component of motion, classification is not under this
definition. Such devices may be found in subclasses 588 and
605.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for apparatus comprising unstable wheeled frames on
earth working element and an actuator for rocking the earth
working element about the wheel axis and moving the frame
with respect to the ground whereby the hitch means move
vertically with respect to the frame.
subclasses 395+ for apparatus in which a wheel is adjusted
vertically with respect to the frame, whereby the draft means
is moved vertically with respect to the frame, there being no
means acting between the frame and draft means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 109 for
an unearthing unit mounted on a vehicular break frame.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 407 for articulated vehicles
wherein the load of a trailer on a leading vehicle is
adjusted by adjusting the point of application of draft to
the leading vehicle, and subclass 414.5 for articulated
vehicles having an actuator for vertically moving a wheel of
a trailing vehicle.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Apparatus in
which a ground support is vertically adjustable with respect
to the framework.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. Devices in which the framework tilts about the
wheel axis are not included in this definition. See
subclasses 323 or 326 for such devices.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in
which the adjustable ground support and the adjustable hitch
are interconnected so that movement of one influences
movement of the other.
(1) Note. Devices in which the ground support and hitch
means are rigidly mounted on the same support to move
together are not included. The interconnection must be by a
linkage or the like.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising (1) an earth working element having a
handle for manipulating and supporting it (e.g., a hand hoe)
or (2) an implement having a handle whereby the device is
guided or propelled by a walking attendant (e.g., a walking
plow) or (3) an earth working element supported on a frame
and having means such as handles or foot pedals contacted by
the attendant to manipulate the earth working element, the
said element being held in the position to which it is moved
by continued application of force on the manipulating means
by the attendant (e.g., a straddle row cultivator) or (4)
earth working means harnessed to the attendant or worn by him
(e.g., a glove with earth scratching prongs) or (5)
manipulating means such as a handle or foot pedal for moving
any part (e.g., a draft tongue) and holding it in the
position to which moved by continued application of force by
the attendant.
(1) Note. An earth working element which may be raised by an
attendant so as to be scraped by a stationary or relatively
movable cleaner is not included under this definition. See
subclass 461 and subclasses 606+ for such devices.
(2) Note. A seat or attendant's station is not considered a
handle or manipulating device under this definition. See
subclasses 431+ for apparatus with means manipulated by
moving a seat or shifting weight on a seat or other
attendant's station.
(3) Note. For part (3) of this definition a broadly claimed
implement about which an earth working element is manipulated
is considered a mounting frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for hand driven implements adapted to be rotated through
at least one complete revolution.
41 for a driven tool supported by an attendant.
subclasses 42+ for an implement comprising a driven tool
guided by a walking attendant.
subclasses 256+ for a motor propelled implement guided by a
walking attendant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 110.1 for handles and
handle attaching devices for miscellaneous articles of
hardware not otherwise classified.
30, Cutlery, subclasses 340+ for knives and cutter
comprising blades provided with manipulating handles and
including the means for attaching said handles to said
blades.
56, Harvesters, subclass 16.7, for a motor-driven lawn mower
steered by a walking attendant, and subclass 400.01, for a
hand rake.
125, Stone Working, subclass 43 for miner's picks.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 19.1 for a motor vehicle
steered by a walking attendant.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 47.17 for a wheeled vehicle
which the attendant may apply a propelling force thereto, and
subclasses 47.34+ for stable wheeled vehicles which are
handle propelled by an attendant.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 49+
for hand forks and shovels.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus
having combined therewith a seat or attendant's station which
is movable with respect to the apparatus and held in position
by the attendant and a draft member or tongue for connecting
the apparatus to a propelling means, the seat and draft
member or tongue being connected so that movement of the seat
changes the position of the draft member or tongue with
respect to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for attendant manipulated seats which may move an
implement or draft member.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus
including a draft member or tongue for connecting the
apparatus to a propelling means and attendant manipulated
means for moving the draft member or tongue with respect to
the implement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for a movable attendant seat for manipulating a draft
member combined with attendant-operated means for holding the
implement in position.
435 for a movable attendant seat for manipulating a draft
member.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus
comprising a ground supported (e.g., wheeled) frame, an earth
working element movably mounted on the frame and being
manipulable and held in the position to which moved by the
continued application of force by the attendant to vary its
position with respect to the frame.
(1) Note. A mere wheeled axle is not considered a frame
under this definition even though the earth working element
may be rocked on the axle. However, a wheeled axle having a
draft tongue rigid therewith is considered to be a frame
under this definition. Some patents which disclose only a
wheeled axle have been classified under this definition where
they are obviously fragmentary disclosures of that type
implement which comprises a wheeled frame of greater extent
(e.g., with tongue).
(2) Note. An earth working element about or upon which
another earth working element is manipulated is considered a
mounting frame.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus
comprising a wheeled frame having the central portion thereof
elevated above the axis of rotation of the wheels to clear a
crop row and having a pair of attendant manipulated earth
working elements adapted to operate on opposite sides of a
crop row.
(1) Note. For classification under the definition the means
by which the earth working elements are manipulated (e.g.,
handles) need not be claimed.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus
including an operator's seat pivoted to the frame and also
connected to the earth working elements so that the
operator's weight provides an upward force on the earth
working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 431+ for other earth working apparatus having a
seat or attendant's station including that in which the seat
is movable by the attendant to manipulate the implement.
Subclass:
335
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus
including resilient means to bias the earth working elements
with respect to the wheeled frame or with respect to each
other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 705+ spring-biased earth working elements.
Subclass:
336
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus in
which the resilient means tends to bias the earth working
elements out of ground engagement during operation.
Subclass:
337
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus
having means to raise the earth working elements with respect
to the wheeled frame and connected means to concurrently
change the position of the wheels with respect to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for other earth working elements mounted on a wheeled
frame and actuating means for lifting the element and also
vertically moving a wheel with respect to the frame.
Subclass:
338
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus
adapted to be propelled by animals and characterized by the
absence of a draft tongue.
Subclass:
339
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Apparatus
provided with a member to contact the ground and stabilize
the apparatus when the earth working elements are placed in
an inoperative position.
Subclass:
340
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of pairs of earth working elements
adapted to operate on opposite sides of a plurality of crop
rows.
Subclass:
341
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus
having an additional earth working element disposed to
operate between the pair of earth working elements.
Subclass:
342
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements of the pair or the bars
mounting said elements have a laterally extending member
connecting same in addition to the frame member on which they
are mounted.
Subclass:
343
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are adapted to be operated
by the feet of an attendant seated thereon.
Subclass:
344
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus in
which the frame is provided with means to support the earth
working elements in an elevated nonuse position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
662 for plural relatively movable tools movable to nonuse
position.
674 for support brackets on wheeled frames for holding an
implement in nonearth working position.
Subclass:
345
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is movable by an attendant
about an axis which extends in the direction of travel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
459 for actuating means for lifting an earth working element
for transport on a wheeled frame, the earth working element
being pivotable about a longitudinal axis.
666 for an actuator for pivoting an earth working element
about a longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
346
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus
including a plurality of earth working elements which may be
manipulated individually or are so connected as to move in
opposite directions when manipulated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 333+ for arch wheel frame implements provided
with a plurality of earth working elements which are
independently or oppositely manipulated.
345 for plural earth working elements which are manipulated
about a longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
347
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus in
which there is provided a resilient means which biases the
earth working element during operation.
Subclass:
348
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus in
which the earth working element may be manipulated in a
vertical direction by the attendant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for earth working elements which are manipulated about a
longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
349
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is of the rolling or rotating
type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 15+ for handle-propelled rolling lawn edgers.
subclasses 518+ for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving
earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
452, Butchering, subclass 145 for hand- operated meat
tenderizing rolls.
Subclass:
350
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
having a handle which is mounted to be freely pivotable about
the axis of rotation of the rolling or rotating earth working
element.
Subclass:
351
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus
comprising (1) an implement having ground support means
(e.g., wheel) separate from the earth working means and a
separate handle for propelling or guiding the implement, or
(2) draft means for propelling the implement and a separate
handle for guiding same.
(1) Note. The ground support must act as a depth gauge or
support a portion of the weight of the implement.
(2) Note. The draft means under part (2) of this definition
may comprise a member for the application of human power such
as a body harness. Note subclass 353 indented hereunder for
an implement having a harness and separate handle to be
propelled and guided by a single attendant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 256+ for a hand guided self-propelled
implement.
322 for earth working elements which are attendant
manipulated with respect to a ground-supported frame.
371 for tools with handles for manipulating and supporting
same (i.e., hand tools).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 82 for implements propelled by a
walking attendant.
Subclass:
352
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which the apparatus is propelled by means of a member
operated by the attendant which reacts with the ground to
move the apparatus a given distance and the member is then
reset to repeat the operation.
(1) Note. Search Class 180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 4 and
8 for stepper propulsion means for vehicles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, subclasses 1+ for
devices comprising ground-engaging feet operating by a
step-by-step movement in the travel of the vehicle.
Subclass:
353
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which the draft means comprises a means adapted to engage or
be attached to some part of the body other then the hands.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370 for an operator-supported earth working element having
means to attach the earth working element to the operator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 1.5 for a vehicle with means
for engaging the body (other than the hands) of a walking
attendant.
Subclass:
354
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which the ground support means comprises a wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for lawn edgers provided with a wheel or roller.
353 for a tool provided with a handle and a wheel, and
having means adapted to engage or be attached to some part of
the body other than the hands for propelling the implement.
subclasses 669+ for a tool supported on a wheeled frame.
Subclass:
355
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of interconnected earth working
elements which may only be in ground contact at different
times and being connected to pivot on the axis of rotation of
the wheel to engage the desired earth working element with
the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for diverse tools useable alternately only.
Subclass:
356
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in
which the implement is provided with two wheels spaced in the
direction of travel.
Subclass:
357
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in
which the handle is located forward of the earth working
element, so as to adapt the apparatus to be pulled by the
attendant.
(1) Note. The handle may be adjustable so as to adapt the
apparatus to be pushed or pulled.
Subclass:
358
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is located forwardly of the
wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 671+ for an earth working element mounted on a
single longitudinal wheeled frame in which the wheel is
located rearwardly of the forward end of the earth working
element.
Subclass:
359
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in
which the earth working element and the handle are
selectively vertically adjustable relative to one another.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
366 for an earth working element having a handle in which
the handle and earth working element are selectively
relatively adjustable in relation to one another.
Subclass:
360
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which the ground support means comprises an element other
than a wheel such as, for example, a runner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for other earth working apparatus having a wheel
substitute spaced from the earth working elements.
764 for earth working elements having closely associated
runners and see the Search Notes thereto for related art.
Subclass:
361
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which the handle is directly attached to that portion of the
earth working element which operates in the soil or to a
runner or landside connected thereto.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those devices where
a brace extends from the handle to the earth working blade.
Subclass:
362
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is secured to a generally
upright member or standard and the standard is secured
directly to a portion of the handle.
Subclass:
363
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus
having a plurality of relatively adjustable earth working
elements, handles associated therewith, an individual handle
and associated earth working element being concurrently
adjustable relative to another handle and associated earth
working element.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
364
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which there is attached to the handle, means whereby some
portion of the earth working element is adjustable relative
to some other portion of the earth working element or to the
apparatus.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
365
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which the handle is adjustable with respect to the earth
working element.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
366
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Apparatus in
which the elevation of the handle with respect to the earth
working element is adjustable.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
359 for an earth working element having a handle and wheel
in which the handle and earth working element are selectively
vertically adjustable relative to one another.
Subclass:
367
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus
having a plurality of beams extending substantially in the
direction of travel and having an earth working element or
elements connected thereto and a plurality of handles, one
connected to each of said beams.
Subclass:
368
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus
having a beam extending in the direction of travel and a pair
of handles connected at their ends to opposite sides of the
beam at the same longtitudinal location.
Subclass:
369
This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Apparatus in
which there is provided at least one member connected to the
handles and another portion of the implement to brace the
handles.
Subclass:
370
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus of
the type wherein the earth working element is harnessed to or
worn by the attendant.
Subclass:
371
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus
comprising an earth working means having a handle for
manipulating and supporting it (e.g., hand hoe).
(1) Note. Mortar mixing hoes are also included on account of
their similarity of structure.
(2) Note. Patents are classified under this definition even
if only the earth working portion is claimed and not the
handle if the sole disclosure relates to hand tools or the
claim preamble relates to a hand tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 13+ for hand tools of the lawn-edger type.
subclasses 349+ for handle propelled rolling implements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous
compound tools.
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 110.1 for handles for
closures, receptacles, and the like, and see the Search Notes
thereunder for the field of search for handles adapted for
use with other devices.
30, Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for knives and cutting
implements of general utility. This class (172) takes patents
in which the claims are restricted to or the sole disclosed
use is an implement for working the soil except those devices
in which the cutting edge extends generally in the direction
of the handle. In the latter case classification in Class 30
results.
56, Harvesters, subclass 400.01 for hand rakes.
125, Stone Working, subclass 43 for miner's picks.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 49+
for hand forks and shovels.
366, Agitating, subclasses 1+ for tools especially adapted
for mixing mortar, asphaltic and hydraulic cement, concretes,
and the like.
Subclass:
372
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the relative positions of the handle and earth
working means is selectively adjustable.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 53.5
for hand implements wherein the fork or shovel head is
pivotally and adjustably attached to the handle.
403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 52+ for articulated
connections in general.
Subclass:
373
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Apparatus
wherein the earth working means comprises plural earth
working elements which are adjustable with relation to one
another.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
374
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Apparatus in
which at least one of the earth working elements is
nonadjustably secured to the handle.
Subclass:
375
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the earth working means comprises plural earth
working portions of different types or shapes, the portions
being so arranged in the apparatus that when one works the
earth another does not work the earth.
(1) Note. The earth working portions may be different parts
of a unitary earth working element or may be separate earth
working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for implements other than hand held with earth working
elements usable alternately only.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, appropriate subclasses for compound tools,
especially subclasses 158+ for cutters combined with other
tools.
56, Harvesters, subclass 400.04 for hand rakes combined with
hoe blades or other earth working elements.
Subclass:
376
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the earth working means is made from an elongated
thin bandlike or wire material which is secured to the handle
through means extending between the handle and the opposite
ends of the earth working means.
Subclass:
377
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the earth working means is in the form of a U-shaped
scoop or channel open at both ends and adapted to be operated
in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 13+ for channel-type hand tools for edging along
lawns or sidewalks.
Subclass:
378
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the earth working means comprises a plurality of
prongs, teeth, or serratins arranged to simultaneously
contact the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 400.01 for hand rakes, particularly
subclasses 400.04+ for rakes combined with earth working
elements. A hand rake as distinguished from an earth working
tool, is usually an implement having flexible teeth or rigid
teeth with the width of the rigid tooth carrying portion
width or diameter of the handle; i.e., at least ten times as
large.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclasses 131+ and for forks and shovels with
fulcrum means to aid in the pulling of weeds from the
ground.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 50.5
and 50.6+ for hand implements having a handle and a blade or
tines extending the general direction of the handle with
grappling means.
Subclass:
379
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Apparatus
wherein the earth working means comprises a plurality of
earth working members arranged in a plurality of rows to
simultaneously engage and work an area of the surface of the
earth.
Subclass:
380
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Apparatus
wherein a plurality of prongs, teeth, or serrations are
formed from a single sheet of material.
Subclass:
381
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the earth working means has portions lying in more
than one plane.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including a plurality of earth working elements so
mounted as to operate at different depths in the ground at
the same time.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include apparatus having a
plurality of laterally spaced tools set at different
elevations for the purpose of operating at the same depth in
the soil on a slope, furrow, ridge, etc. See subclasses 694+
for such tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 133+ for separate tools of unlike types which
may operate at different depths and see particularly
subclasses 144 and 163+ for the combination of a plow and
jointer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 10 for
unearthing devices with preliminary removal of earth.
Subclass:
383
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a frame, a ground wheel connected to the
frame and (1) means for adjusting (at least in one direction)
the axis of rotation of said ground wheel angularly with
respect to said frame or (2) means for selectively locking
said axis of rotation in one position or allowing it to move
freely into different angular positions with respect to said
frame.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjusting" see "adjustable" in
the class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 278+ for implements comprising a wheel with an
angularly adjustable axis of rotation and actuating means for
angularly adjusting the axis.
subclasses 395+ for implements comprising ground wheels
which are vertically adjustable, with the axis of rotation
maintaining the same angular position.
507 for implements comprising ground wheels which are
horizontally adjustable, with the axis of rotation
maintaining the same angular position.
600 for a disk gang supported for tilting and horizontal
angling adjustment.
603 for a horizontally angularly adjustable disk.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclasses 18+ for caster
wheels.
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for
guiding a vehicle along the furrow.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for vehicles with
wheels.
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under subclass 383. Apparatus in
which there is an actuator for angling the axis of rotation
of the wheel by moving it in a single transverse, vertical
plane.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
798 for a scraper mounted between the front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle and an actuator for tilting the axis of
rotation of a wheel in a vertical plane.
Subclass:
385
This subclass is indented under subclass 383. Apparatus in
which the axis of rotation of the wheel may freely change its
angular position and the amount of such free movement is
adjustable.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 383. Apparatus in
which the axis of rotation of the wheel may freely change its
angular position and there are means operable to hold the
axis against movement to prevent free change of the angular
position of the wheel.
(1) Note. Apparatus in which there is a latch designed to
hold the axis of rotation in different positions and which
would permit free angular movement if manually held out of
operation are classified in subclass 383 rather than under
this definition.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a means such as a runner or track member
which is adapted to support the apparatus for movement over
the ground and which has the same general relation to the
apparatus as a supporting ground wheel would have.
(1) Note. Earth working elements mounted on a frame which
frame may incidentally be in ground contact to act as a
runner or depth gauge and is not specifically modified to act
as a runner are not classified under this definition, but are
classified below according to the earth working element or
arrangement being claimed. See subclasses 634+, for example.
A mere curving of the foward portion of the frame is not
considered to be a modification under this definition.
(2) Note. Runners which have earth working elements attached
to the runners by means of a nonearth working or contacting
support or bracket so that the tool is spaced laterally or
rearwardly of the runners are included under this definition.
This definition does not include, however, runners which are
so closely associated with an earth working element as to, in
effect, form a unitary portion of the earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for an implement comprising a driven tool and a wheel
substitute.
188 for diverse tools attached to a runner rearward of the
forward end thereof.
360 for hand guided or propelled implements provided with
runners.
665 for apparatus comprising an actuator for relatively
movable earth-engaging parts of an earth working element, one
of said parts being a runner.
738 for an earth working element having relatively
adjustable earth-engaging parts, one being a runner.
764 for an earth working element and a separate runner.
783 for a scraper mounted between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle, the scraper having a runner attached
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for
guiding a vehicle along the furrow.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 140 for
an unearthing unit provided with a gage runner or wheel.
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 8+, 841+, and 845+ for runners
for vehicles, including a runner which may have an
earth-penetrating part to prevent lateral sway.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate
subclasses for wheel substitutes other than runners.
Subclass:
388
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Apparatus which
includes a wheel which is adapted to support at least a
portion of the weight of the device in at least one position
of the wheel or implement.
Subclass:
389
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Apparatus in
which the wheel substitute is associated with an earth
working element which is of spring form or is carried by a
resilient standard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
643 for an implement having a plurality of spring teeth.
subclasses 707+ for an earth working tool comprising a
spring in itself or a spring standard.
Subclass:
390
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Apparatus in
which a plurality of the earth working elements are carried
by a plurality of parallel transverse bars which are
pivotally mounted and selectively rotatable from one angular
position of adjustment to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 634+ for implements with parallel pivotally
adjusted tool bars which may have spring-tooth tools mounted
thereon.
Subclass:
391
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Apparatus in
which the wheel substitute is associated with an earth
working element in which the earth working portion is no
longer in lateral or longitudinal extent than the standard
which supports it in earth working position.
Subclass:
392
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Apparatus in
which the device comprises a plurality of implements which
are relatively movable during operation of the device and
each of the implements have a runner associated therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 310+ for plural wheeled implements.
Subclass:
393
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Apparatus in
which the wheel substitute comprises a pair of spaced
parallel runners, said runners having an earth working
element associated therewith so that said element is
positioned between and supported by both runners.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 138 for sled frames claimed in
combination with a planting machine.
Subclass:
394
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Apparatus in
which the earth working element comprises a circular
platelike member which is given a rotating motion by the
resistance of the earth as it is drawn thereover.
(1) Note. The circular platelike member may be plane, convex
or concave in cross-section.
Subclass:
395
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a frame, an earth working element
carried by the frame, means connecting a ground support such
as a wheel to the frame and means for adjusting the ground
support vertically with respect to the frame or moving the
ground support vertically with respect to the frame to some
position of adjustment.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The "frame" in this definition is the running gear
or structure most closely associated with the ground support.
The "earth working element" carried by the "frame" may itself
comprise an extensive framework.
(3) Note. The relative movement between the frame and ground
support must be produced by a force other than gravity
applied to a wheel axle. Merely moving the frame, for
example, by lifting the hitch to swing the frame about the
axis of rotation of the wheel is not included. See subclasses
321 or 323 for such devices.
(4) Note. In that type of apparatus wherein the construction
comprises a frame, wheels carrying the frame and a front-
wheeled draft truck pivoted to the frame on a vertical axis
and vertically adjustable with respect to the frame, the
frame has been considered the running gear and the wheeled
truck has been considered as movable vertically thereto so
that such apparatus is classifiable under this definition.
(5) Note. A mere spring-mounting means is considered not to
be a means for moving the wheel to an adjusted position.
(6) Note. The ground support under this definition must be
either a wheel or a wheel substitute as defined in subclass
387 of this class. The wheel substitute has been included
under this definition so as to permit cross-referencing of
such patents into appropriate subclasses hereunder.
(7) Note. Patents are classified under this definition even
if the claims refer broadly merely to an implement adjusting
means provided that the sole specific disclosure relates to a
wheel-adjusting means.
(8) Note. A tilting movement of a frame about the axis of a
wheel is not considered a vertical adjustment of the wheel
relative to the frame. See subclass 323 for an unstable frame
which may carry an earth working element and be tilted about
a ground wheel axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a driven tool with an articulated connection to a
vehicle and a vertically adjustable ground support.
211 for an alternating implement with interrelated lift and
shift, the lift being by wheel manipulation.
236 for ground-engageable draft responsive levers or wheel
segments which contact the earth to resist motion of the
apparatus, continued motion of the apparatus causing some
adjustment thereof, usually due to a lifting force from the
lever or wheel segment.
subclasses 240+ for implements comprising ground supports
which contact the ground for transport only.
259 for a propulsion unit guided by a walking attendant or
part of an articulated vehicle and having a vertically
adjustable wheel.
subclasses 293+ for a series of like elements sequentially
lifted by vertical adjustment of wheels by a power cycle.
subclasses 315+ for an actuator on a trailing implement for
vertically adjusting a wheel and controlled from a propelling
vehicle, the relationship with the vehicle being
significantly claimed.
subclasses 318+ for an actuator on a vehicle for vertically
moving a wheel on a trailing implement relative to the
implement frame.
321 for an actuator on a vehicle for lifting a wheeled
implement.
387 for an implement comprising a wheel substitute.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 19 for vertically
adjustable casters, and subclasses 32+ for caster wheel or
leg elevators.
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for
guiding a vehicle along the furrow.
111, Planting, subclass 68 for an auxiliary frame elevated
and depressed by means of a cranked ground-wheel axle.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, especially subclass
139 for apparatus comprising an unearthing unit fixed on a
vertically shiftable vehicle frame, and subclass 109 for an
unearthing unit mounted on a vehicular break-frame.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 6.15 for a land vehicle of
general utility including means, interposed between the
vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame; subclasses 43+ for a land vehicle of general utility
having a wheel that is vertically adjustable with respect to
the running gear for altering a dimension of the vehicle or a
part thereof; or subclass 414.5 for a vehicle train of
articulated vehicles having an actuator for vertically moving
a wheel of the trailing vehicle.
Subclass:
396
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which the frame carries a draft means for connecting the
frame to a propelling means, said draft means being (1)
vertically adjustable relative to the frame to (2) freely
vertically movable relative to the frame under some
conditions of operation and means are provided to prevent or
limit the vertical movement under other conditions of
operation.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 for an actuator on a vehicle for moving an implement
ground support vertically relative to the implement frame
interconnected means for moving a hitch.
subclasses 327+ for an actuator on a trailing implement for
moving a draft means vertically and a vertically adjustable
ground support.
Subclass:
397
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which the adjustment of the ground support is accompanied by
movement of an earth working element relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for implements comprising earth working means
alternating for right or left hand operation and a vertically
adjustable ground support for lifting the implement, the
ground support and earth working means being interrelated so
that vertical movement of the ground support is accompanied
by the shifting of the earth working means to its alternate
position.
244 for apparatus having a ground support engaging the
ground for transport only where the ground support and a tool
are moved together relative to a supporting frame.
323 for devices in which the tool pivots about a wheel axis
which may be moved vertically with respect to a frame.
Subclass:
398
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is interconnected by a
linkage with the ground support so that movement of one
influences movement of the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
779 for a scraper whose position is automatically controlled
by a linkage for leveling, the scraper and a wheel being
interconnected to influence movement of each other.
Subclass:
399
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which power derived from the rolling motion of a plurality of
ground wheels as the apparatus is propelled over the ground
is used to move said wheels or other ground wheels vertically
with respect to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 293+ for apparatus having a plurality of wheels
or other elements which are sequentially operated by a power
cycle.
Subclass:
400
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which a plurality of wheels are independently mounted on
different axles and there are additional means
interconnecting the wheels whereby they may be moved
simultaneously vertically with respect to the frame or so
that the movement of one vertically with respect to the frame
influences movement of the other, and there is an actuator
for moving a wheel.
(1) Note. Plural wheels mounted at different ends of a crank
axle or other axle whereby the wheels move together without
use of any connecting links or separate power units are
considered not to be independently mounted on different
axles. Wheels so mounted do not come under the definition
even if they are adjustable with respect to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 6.15 for a land vehicle of
general utility including means, interposed between the
vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame, especially subclasses 6.154+ wherein the proximate
utility is predisposing the load, load carrier, or receptacle
portion to enable travel upon a sustained inclined surface;
or subclasses 43+ for a land vehicle of general utility
including a wheel that is vertically adjustable with respect
to the running gear for altering a dimension of the vehicle
or a part thereof, especially subclass 43.13 wherein actuator
means interconnect wheels on different axles so that movement
of one results in movement of the other.
Subclass:
401
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in
which three or more wheels each on different axles are
affected by the action of the interconnecting means.
Subclass:
402
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Apparatus in
which power derived from the rolling motion of one of said
interconnected wheels as the apparatus is propelled over the
ground is used to move said wheels vertically with respect to
the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 408+ for a wheel which is carried by a crank
axle mount which is adjusted by power derived from the
wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 211 for harvester frames which are
adjusted by power derived from a traction wheel.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 47 for a vehicle having an
extensible wheel that is vertically adjustable by means of
power derived from the wheel as it rolls over the ground.
Subclass:
403
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in
which power derived from the rolling motion of a ground wheel
as the apparatus is propelled over the ground is used to move
a plurality of said interconnected wheels vertically with
respect to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 211 for harvester frames which are
adjusted by power derived from a traction wheel.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 62 for
clutches adapted for use in raising plows.
Subclass:
404
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Apparatus in
which the wheel supplying the power is itself moved
vertically with respect to the frame by use of said power.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 for a power take-off from a self-adjusted wheel for
adjusting three or more wheels on different interconnected
axles.
subclasses 408+ for a wheel which is carried by a crank
axle mount which is adjusted by power derived from the
wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 47 for a vehicle having an
extensible wheel that is vertically adjustable by means of
power derived from the wheel as it rolls over the ground.
Subclass:
405
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in
which one of said interconnected wheels has a vertical motion
of translation only and another of said interconnected wheels
pivots about a horizontal axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 for apparatus having three or more interconnected
adjustable wheels on different axles which are operated by a
power take-off from one of the adjusted wheels and which
includes translating and swinging wheels.
416 for vertically adjustable ground supports where one
translates and another swings.
Subclass:
406
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in
which there is an additional actuating means which operates
to adjust said interconnected wheels so as to change their
relative position vertically with respect to said frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 for apparatus having three or more interconnected
adjustable wheels on different axles which are operated by a
power take-off from one of the adjusted wheels and which
includes an additional actuator for changing the relative
position of some of the wheels.
470 for plural tools which are independently actuated to be
lifted on a wheeled frame for transport with a separate
actuator for concurrent lifting or with an interlock means
for causing simultaneous lifting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 6.15 for a land vehicle of
general utility including means, interposed between the
vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis or
frame, especially subclasses 6.154+ wherein the proximate
utility is predisposing the load, load carrier, or receptacle
portion to enable travel upon a sustained inclined surface.
Subclass:
407
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which movement of the ground support to adjusted position is
caused by the use of a power means.
(1) Note. A power means may be a servomotor or a
continuously running source of power (e.g., a rotating ground
wheel) with an interruptible power take-off.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 293+ for a plurality of like elements
sequentially operated by a power cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 211 for harvester frames which are
adjusted by power derived from a traction wheel.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 62 for
clutches adapted for use in lifting plows.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.23 for vehicles having power
means to vertically adjust its wheels.
Subclass:
408
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus in
which there is an axle connected to a crank arm pivotally
connected to the framework, a ground wheel is rotatably
mounted on the axle and there is a means intermittently
connectible to the ground wheel as it continuously rotates so
that turning movement of the wheel causes swinging of the
crank arm about its pivotal connection to the framework to
move the wheel vertically with respect to the framework.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 and 404, for an actuator and interconnected means for
adjusting wheels on different axles with a power take-off
from one of the adjusted wheels for operating the actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 47 for a vehicle having an
extensible wheel that is vertically adjustable by means of
power derived from the wheel as it rolls over the ground.
Subclass:
409
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Apparatus in
which the means intermittently connectible to the wheel locks
said wheel against rotation relative to the pivotally mounted
crank arm so that rolling movement of the wheel over the
ground causes movement of the arm with respect to the frame.
Subclass:
410
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Apparatus in
which the means intermittently connectible with the wheel is
a rotatable member mounted on the crank arm to swing
therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 62 for
clutches adapted for use in lifting plows.
Subclass:
411
This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Apparatus in
which the frame may be lowered with respect to the wheel to
varying depths but is always raised to the same height.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
413 for constant height depth adjustment for wheels
vertically adjusted with respect to an implement frame by a
servomotor.
487 for an actuator adapted to lift a tool for transport on
a wheeled frame said actuator comprising a power unit with
manual adjusting or supplemental manual actuating means and
there being a constant height depth adjustment.
Subclass:
412
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Apparatus in
which the means intermittently connectible with the wheel is
a means pivoted on the frame movable into engagement with the
actuating wheel or into engagement with a means mounted to
turn therewith on the same axis so that rolling movement of
the wheel acts on the means pivoted to the frame to move the
wheel relative to the frame.
Subclass:
413
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus in
which the ground support is moved to different positions of
adjustment by a motor means which operates just long enough
to effect the desired adjustment.
(1) Note. This definition does not cover a mere
power-transmitting mechanism intermittently connected to a
continuously running source of power.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 for a series of like elements sequentially operated by
servomotors.
316 for a servomotor on a trailing implement for vertically
moving a wheel, the motor being controlled from a propelling
vehicle, the relationship with the vehicle being
significantly claimed.
Subclass:
414
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which there is an actuator for causing adjusting motion of
the wheel and the connection between the actuator and the
wheel is such as to allow at least a certain amount of free
movement between the two in at least one direction.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.19 for vehicles having
vertically adjustable wheels which are actuated through a
flexible means.
Subclass:
415
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which the ground support has a motion of translation relative
to the frame when moved from one vertical position to another
(i.e., the motion is such that parts maintain approximately
the same angular position relative to a plane parallel to the
frame).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.22 for vehicles having
actuating means to move the wheels vertically with a
translatory motion.
Subclass:
416
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Apparatus
having at least one additional ground support which pivots
about a horizontal axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for interconnected translating and swinging wheels.
Subclass:
417
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Apparatus in
which the ground support is carried by a pair of links
pivoted to the ground support and the frame structure,
respectively, and which remain substantially parallel
throughout their movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for interconnected translating and swinging wheels.
Subclass:
418
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Apparatus in
which the translating motion is imparted to the ground
support by an actuator.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
419
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises a pair of relatively movable
threaded members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
427 for screw-jack type actuators for vertically adjustable
ground supports.
504 for screw-type actuators for lifting tools for transport
on a wheeled frame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.2 for vehicles having
supporting wheels which are moved vertically relative to the
vehicle frame by a screw-jack type actuating means.
Subclass:
420
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises a rack member meshing with a
gear or engageable by a ratchet member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.21 for vehicles having
supporting wheels which are moved vertically relative to the
vehicle frame by a rack and pinion or ratchet actuating
means.
Subclass:
421
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of ground supports vertically
adjustable relative to the frame which are also vertically
adjustable with respect to one another.
Subclass:
422
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which a plurality of wheels are carried by arms which extend
radially from and are connected to a common shaft and are
circumferentially spaced about the axis of said shaft.
Subclass:
423
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus in
which vertical motion is imparted to the ground support by an
actuator.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 418+ for actuators for imparting a translating
motion to a ground support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.17 for vehicles having
actuating means to move the wheels vertically.
Subclass:
424
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Apparatus in
which a spring device is provided to assist the actuating
means in moving the ground support vertically.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
506 for spring-assisted actuators for lifting tools for
transport on a wheeled frame.
Subclass:
425
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises gearing.
(1) Note. For the definition of gearing, see Class 74,
Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 640.
Subclass:
426
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Apparatus in
which the gearing includes a worm gear.
Subclass:
427
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Apparatus in
which the gearing includes a pair of relatively movable
threaded members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 for a screw-jack type actuator for a vertically
adjustable ground support having translating motion.
504 for a screw-type actuator for lifting a tool for
transport on a wheeled frame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.2 for vehicles having
supporting wheels which are moved vertically relative to the
vehicle frame by a screw-jack type actuating means.
Subclass:
428
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Apparatus in
which the gearing includes a rack member meshing with a gear
or engageable by a ratchet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
420 for a rack and pinion or ratchet-type actuator for a
ground support having a translating motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 43.21 for vehicles having
supporting wheels which are moved vertically relative to the
vehicle frame by a rack and pinion or ratchet-actuating
means.
Subclass:
429
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Apparatus in
which the actuating means comprises a hand or foot operated
lever rigid with the pivot shaft of a wheel carrying crank.
Subclass:
430
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising (1) means for giving a signal or
indication of a condition or position of some portion of the
earth working apparatus or (2) means to be observed by an
attendant to aid him in maintaining the apparatus on a
predetermined course.
(1) Note. The mere positioning of an element of the
apparatus is not considered enough to give an indication.
There must be some special indicia means to come under this
definition.
(2) Note. The guide means may comprise an element intended
to be disposed in or aligned with a previously formed furrow
or mark, the attendant guiding the apparatus in accordance
with the position of the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 126+ for apparatus comprising earth-marking
means combined with an earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 624+, for collocating
gauge designed for setting a tool with relation to its
support or with relation to work in which it is to operate
and subclass 264, for sighting means attached to a vehicle to
aid the driver in maintaining the vehicle on a predetermined
course.
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for a furrow follower for
guiding a vehicle, the guiding being accomplished by reaction
of the furrow follower with the walls of the furrow.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 500+ for
electrical automatic condition responsive indicating
systems.
Subclass:
431
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a seat or other support for an attendant
operating the apparatus.
(1) Note. There must be some specific claiming of the seat
or the relationship of the seat or support in structure for
classification under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for hand guided or manipulated apparatus also having a
hitch movable by shiftable seat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 323, for a harvester with a seat.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 20, for
unearthing devices with manual operation station.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 32.5, for a land vehicle with a
worker's support.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 63+, for
seats with body modifications.
297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses, for a seat of
general utility.
Subclass:
432
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus in
which there are a plurality of separate and distinct seats or
operator stations.
Subclass:
433
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus in
which the attendant operating the apparatus is carried by a
sulky or riding attachment, which is adapted to be detachably
connected to the implement and has its own wheel or wheels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for an unstable propulsion unit forming part of an
articulated vehicle and having a riding attendant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 32.6 for riding attachments for
vehicles and subclass 32.7 for a wheeled vehicle having a
station adapted to carry an operator and which also may be
adapted to be attached to an agricultural implement.
Subclass:
434
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus in
which the seat or attendant's station may be moved to a
position in which it is not intended to be used; e.g.,
changed from a riding implement to a walking implement.
Subclass:
435
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus in
which the attendant's station or seat is modified to permit
the operator to shift his entire body; or the seat is
adjustable.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The station or seat must be enlarged to permit the
operator to move or slide thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
334 for hand-guided straddle row cultivators having seat
counterbalanced tool beams.
Subclass:
436
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus in
which the attendant's station or seat is positioned on a
member extending laterally of the direction of motion and
said member connects two or more earth working devices.
Subclass:
437
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means for sharpening an earth working
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 250 for cutting reels with
sharpening means.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, subclasses 82+,
especially subclass 85 for tool sharpeners or tool sharpener
attachments, per se.
451, Abrading, subclasses 415+ for an abrading attachment,
per se.
Subclass:
438
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus combined with a device outside of the class
definition and not provided for in other subclasses of this
class.
(1) Note. In this subclass, for example, are combinations
with a gun, a shade for a draft animal, a vehicle brake, a
basket of general utility and a loading device of general
utility.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 403+ for a scraper combined with
a scoop, shovel, or other material pick up means.
Subclass:
439
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working device adapted to trail
behind a propelling means, said earth working device having a
mast comprising a vertically extending structure which is
held against movement relative to at least a portion of the
device in a longitudinal vertical plane, and struts pivotally
connected to the upper and lower portions of said structure,
said struts also being pivotally connected respectively to
upper and lower portions of the propelling means, and said
struts being free to pivot about each of their pivotal
connections in a generally longitudinal vertical plane.
(1) Note. Claims classifiable under this definition may
include merely the struts or the vertically extending
structure adapted for cooperation with the struts.
(2) Note. "Struts" are elements adapted to withstand
compressive stress. Usually in working position the lower
strut is in tension and the upper strut is in compression
while in transport position the lower strut is in compression
and the upper strut is in tension.
(3) Note. This definition is intended to include devices
usually called three point hitches or Ferguson hitches. It
should be noted, however, that the definition is broadly
phrased and will include some devices other than the Ferguson
or three point hitch.
(4) Note. The propelling device may be no more than a
trailer or other means which itself is propelled by a tractor
or other device.
(5) Note. The pivotal freedom of the struts may be inhibited
by a lifting device. However, if other added means prevent
pivoting of the struts then the device is not considered to
come under this definition.
(6) Note. The mast or vertically extending structure may
have some freedom for movement relative to the earth working
device if the apparatus as a whole is essentially a
Ferguson-type hitch.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for draft responsive, automatic,
power-controlled mast-type hitches. See (1) Note of subclass
7 for the line between subclasses 7 and 439.
47 for a mast-type hitch in combination with a power driven
tool or cleaner.
210 for an alternating implement with an interrelated tool
lift and shift, the hitch being of the mast type.
307 for a tool forward of the rear of a self-propelled
vehicle connected to the vehicle by a parallelogram-type
lift.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 400+ and especially subclass
407 for articulated vehicles wherein the load of a trailer on
a leading vehicle is adjusted by adjusting the point of
application of draft to the leading vehicle, subclass 460.1
for articulated vehicles with laterally spaced parallel
connections, subclass 461.1 for articulated vehicles with
vertically spaced connections, subclasses 467+ for
articulated vehicles comprising laterally adjustable hitches,
subclass 490.1 for articulated vehicles wherein the draft
means may be vertically adjusted with respect to at least one
of the vehicles or the ground merely in order to facilitate
connecting the vehicles, and subclass 497 for vertically
paced connections of a draft element to a tractor. A sole
disclosure to an agricultural implement hitched to a tractor
by a hitch as defined in Class 172, subclass 439 is
classifiable in Class 172.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 680+ for a
vertically swinging load support and subclass 766 may be of
particular interest.
Subclass:
440
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which said earth working device comprises a plurality of rows
of earth working elements, the axis of one row in plan view
being located at, or being adjustable to, an angle with
respect to the axis of another row, and the rows being
vertically movable with the mast structure as a unit.
(1) Note. The earth working elements are usually disks.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 454+ for angled gangs liftable for transport on
a wheeled frame by an actuating means other than a mast-type
hitch.
subclasses 579+ for plural groups of disks.
Subclass:
441
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Apparatus in
which one row of earth working element is located generally
behind another row of earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
455 for tandem-angled gangs liftable for transport on a
wheeled frame by an actuating means other than a mast- type
hitch.
595 and 596, for tandem disk gangs.
Subclass:
442
This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Apparatus
comprising an actuator for changing the angular relation in
plan view of one row of earth working elements with respect
to another row.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
580 for groups of disks adjusted by a power device.
subclasses 591+ for groups of disks horizontally angled by
a manual actuator, especially subclass 594 for double tandem
groups so adjusted.
Subclass:
443
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which (1) the struts extend between the earth working device
and a wheeled trailer adapted to be drawn by a propelling
means or (2) the struts extend between different parts of the
earth working device.
(1) Note. The earth working device in part (2) of the
definition is an implement which is adapted to be attached to
a propelling means such as a tractor, in the field or as a
substantially complete unit.
(2) Note. In the ordinary mast-type hitch the struts extend
between a tractor and an implement, pivot means for the
struts are assembled on or built into the tractor at the
factory, the struts remain associated with the tractor in the
field and an implement is attached to the struts in the
field. This definition is intended to exclude this
arrangement but include an arrangement whereby a tractor not
equipped with pivot means for a mast-type hitch at the
factory is associated with an implement which itself includes
the mast-type hitch, or whereby the tractor is converted to
use such an implement by securing an attachment to the
tractor which includes struts for cooperating with the earth
working element (the attachment and the earth working element
being considered the implement for purposes of this
definition).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for an apparatus convertible from one type of hitch to
another.
463 for a lift actuator and tool which form a removable unit
carried on a wheeled frame.
Subclass:
444
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which the geometrical outline (as seen in elevation), made up
of the vertically extending structure, the struts and the
propelling means, changes in basic configuration as the earth
working device is lifted or lowered.
(1) Note. The geometrical outline of the definition is made
up of four lines connected by pivot points, so that it will
naturally change as the struts are lifted or lowered. This
simply change is not included in the definition. The changes
contemplated by the definition are brought about by some
additional means and are those which occur, for example, when
one of the struts is made of two pivoted or telescopic
sections which move relatively while the earth working device
is being lifted, or when one of the pivot points is on a link
which moves as the earth working device is raised or
lowered.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for apparatus having an automatic power
control and comprising a mast-type hitch in which one of the
struts is pivoted to a yieldable pivot point.
Subclass:
445
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which there is a means for vertically moving the struts and
mast to lift the earth working device for transport and some
auxiliary means is operated as a result of the vertical
movement (e.g., a link is operated to rock the implement
about a longitudinal axis).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for an earth marker which is adjusted upon raising an
earth working device.
210 for apparatus including earth working means alternating
for right or left hand operation which is carried on a mast-
type hitch and in which vertical movement of the hitch is
accompanied by movement of the earth working means to its
alternate operating position.
458 for apparatus in which the vertical movement of an
implement on a wheeled frame is associated with some other
movement of the implement.
Subclass:
445.1
Including blade, scraper, or smoother:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which at least one earth working element is supported by a
mast structure, wherein the element has either (a) a
substantially vertical working surface adapted to strike off
or level the earth, or (b) a substantial area adapted to
contact the earth in a horizontal direction to compact or
smooth the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4.5 for a scraper which is automatically power-controlled
for leveling.
26.5 for a dragline scraper.
72 for a driven tool followed by a leveling drag or furrow
shaper.
189 and 612, for flexible implements including flexible
matlike drags.
197 and 199+, for diverse tools, one of which comprises a
drag or smoother that may be mounted on a vehicle by a
three-point hitch.
subclasses 777+ for a scraper supporting a narrow depending
tool.
779 for a scraper whose position is controlled by a linkage
for leveling.
780 and 781+, for a scraper between front and rear vehicle
supports.
799.5 for a towed scraper on a wheel-supported frame.
subclasses 810+ for a scraper ahead of a motor vehicle.
Subclass:
445.2
Angularly adjustable about vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445.1. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is mounted so to be movable
about a vertical axis to a different angular position.
Subclass:
446
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which there are means for holding an earth working element in
different locations laterally of the line of draft or the
propelling means.
(1) Note. Merely varying the limits to which an earth
working device may laterally sway is not included. See
subclass 450 for such apparatus.
(2) Note. The lateral adjustment may be the result of
movement about a vertical or a longitudinal axis with respect
to the propelling means.
(3) Note. A lateral movement of the earth working tool which
is the result of a turning movement of the propelling tractor
is not included. See subclass 450 for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
456 for apparatus liftable on a wheeled frame by means other
than a mast-type hitch in which a central group of earth
working elements is lifted vertically and side groups are
movable inwardly.
subclasses 459+ for an earth working element lifted
vertically on a wheeled frame by means other than a mast-type
hitch and by swinging movement about a longitudinal axis.
subclasses 476+ for an earth working element liftable on a
wheeled frame by means other than a mast-type hitch and
laterally adjustable.
subclasses 741+ for a laterally adjustable earth working
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 467+ for a vehicle train
wherein the interconnected vehicles are laterally or
angularly adjustable relative to each other.
Subclass:
447
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is movable to a laterally
adjusted position by a swinging movement about a generally
vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
477 for an earth working element liftable on a wheeled frame
by means other than a mast-type hitch and adjustable about a
vertical axis.
742 for a tool adjustable about a vertical axis.
Subclass:
448
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which in addition to an actuator for swinging the struts
which is adapted to lift the earth working device for
transport there is an added means for holding an earth
working element in different positions in a vertical sense
with respect to the propelling means.
(1) Note. For the definition of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for tools associated with a mast-type hitch adjusted
vertically as well as laterally.
subclasses 474+ for tools which are liftable for transport
on a wheeled frame which are rockable about an independently,
vertically adjustable transverse axis.
subclasses 485+ for apparatus comprising a power unit for
lifting tools for transport on a wheeled frame and manual
means for effecting a supplemental adjustment.
Subclass:
449
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is free to move relative to
the mast at least to a limited extent while the earth working
element is performing its earth working function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 440+ for apparatus comprising angled gangs
liftable as a unit with one or more gangs movable relative to
the mast while earth working.
450 for a mast-type hitch with tools swayable with respect
to the propelling means but fixed with respect to the mast.
subclasses 501+ for a tool liftable by an actuator on a
wheeled frame and with a lost motion connection between the
actuator and tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 497 for articulated vehicles
comprising a draft connection between the vehicles with
vertically spaced connections to the leading vehicle.
Subclass:
450
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which (1) an earth working element is free to move laterally
to the line of draft relative to the propelling means while
performing its earth working function or (2) there are means
in addition to merely the struts and their connections with
the mast and propelling means for preventing or inhibiting
free movement of the earth working element laterally of the
line of draft relative to the propelling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
449 for tools freely movable relative to the mast of a
mast-type hitch while earth working.
457 for tools liftable on a wheeled frame by means other
than a mast-type hitch and means to restrain sway when
raised.
subclasses 501+ for tools liftable on a wheeled frame by an
actuator and with a lost motion connection between the
actuator and the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 497 for a trailer having an
articulated connection to a draft element having vertically
spaced connections to a tractor.
Subclass:
451
With tool frame or bar extending beyond side of vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus
including a support mechanism or device which is adapted to
support an earth working element or elements, wherein the
mechanism or device extends laterally beyond the side of the
propelling device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 440+ for mast-type hitches with angle gangs
extending laterally on each side of the mast structure.
Subclass:
452
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a frame supported on ground support
means such as wheels, an earth working element and an
actuator for lifting the earth working element for supporting
it on the frame so that it may be transported without
engaging the earth.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. Apparatus comprising an earth working element and
a means for lifting the earth working element on an implement
is classifiable under this definition if the implement is
claimed broadly by name only, the implement being considered
the equivalent of a frame supported on wheels.
(3) Note. An actuating means imparting vertical movement to
an implement is considered to come under this definition
unless the actuating means is disclosed as not usable to lift
the implement off the ground for transport.
(4) Note. Apparatus comprising a frame, an earth working
element and a means for lifting the earth working element on
the frame is classifiable under this definition if the frame
is disclosed as rigidly attached to a wheel frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 and 439+, for an actuator on a vehicle adapted to lift an
implement with a mast-type hitch for transport on the
vehicle.
74 for a driven tool with a power take-off from the drive to
adjust the tool.
75 for a driven tool with an interconnected lift and drive
control.
238 for an implement with a ground support moved vertically
relative to the frame by a draft force.
subclasses 240+ for an implement with a ground support
engageable with the ground for transport only.
255 for an implement with an earth working element moved
vertically when the implement is turned.
260 for a propulsion unit guided by a walking attendant or
part of an articulated vehicle and with an actuator for
moving a tool vertically.
subclasses 261+ for means for shifting an earth working
element on striking an obstruction.
subclasses 272+ for means to facilitate mounting an
implement on a motor vehicle.
subclasses 293+ for a series of earth working elements
sequentially lifted by a power cycle.
subclasses 297+ for earth working elements mounted forward
of the rear of a self-propelled vehicle.
subclasses 315+ for an actuator on a trailing implement,
controlled from a propelling vehicle, the relationship with
the vehicle being significantly claimed.
subclasses 317+ for an actuator on vehicle for relatively
moving parts of a trailing implement.
321 for an actuator on a vehicle for lifting a wheeled
implement.
subclasses 322+ for an actuator for rocking an implement
about a wheel axis.
subclasses 326+ for an actuator on a trailing ground-
supported frame for moving a draft means vertically.
subclasses 395+ for an implement with an actuator for
moving a ground support vertically relative to a frame.
subclasses 583+ for plural groups of disks comprising a
vertically adjustable group.
subclasses 663+ for actuators other than those adapted to
lift a tool for transport on a wheeled frame or broadly
claimed implement.
subclasses 781+ for a scraper mounted between front and
rear ground supports of a vehicle and an actuator for lifting
it for transport.
subclasses 810+ for earth working elements mounted ahead of
a self-propelled vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, appropriate subclasses for lifting means for
excavators.
56, Harvesters, subclass 273 for power- operated lifts for
reciprocating side cut type harvesters.
60, Power Plants, subclasses 325+ for hydraulic servomotors
operated by a pump. See note under definition of this class
for line between this class and Class 60.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects subclass 141 for
lifting or tilting means for unearthing apparatus.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclasses 2+ for hoisting trucks, and other
appropriate subclasses for lifting devices such as cranes
adapted for general utility lifting rather than forming part
of a vehicle-implement combination intended to remain coupled
when in use.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 407 for articulated vehicles
wherein the load of a trailer on a leading vehicle is
adjusted by adjusting the point of application of draft to
the leading vehicle, and subclass 490.1 for articulated
vehicles wherein the draft means may be vertically adjusted
with respect to at least one of the vehicles or the ground.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 680+ for
vertically swinging load supports.
Subclass:
453
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
wherein the actuator is driven by an electrically powered
device.
Subclass:
454
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising two groups of earth working elements, each group
comprising elements having a common orientation, the
longitudinal axis of one group being at an angle in plan view
with respect to the longitudinal axis of the other group, and
the groups being liftable as a unit by the actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
440 for angled gangs carried by a mast-type hitch which are
lifted as a unit.
Subclass:
455
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Apparatus in
which one group of elements is positioned behind another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
441 for tandem-angled gangs carried by a mast-type hitch
which are lifted as a unit.
Subclass:
456
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising a centrally located group of earth working
elements which is lifted for transport by the actuator and
laterally positioned groups of earth working elements which
are movable inwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses, for specific
harvesting implements having means to reduce their width for
transport and especially subclasses 6+ for gang mowers,
subclasses 14.9+ for break-back reciprocating mowers,
subclass 228 for transport attachments and subclass 385 for
contractible, wheel-supported rear delivery rakes.
Subclass:
457
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is connected to the frame for
lateral swinging movement when the earth working element is
in lowered working position and having means to prevent or
restrain such movement when the earth working element is
raised to transport position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
450 for means for limiting the lateral sway of tools carried
on a mast-type hitch.
Subclass:
458
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element, when moved up and down in
a vertical plane by the actuator, is forced to undergo a
movement in another plane, such as lateral tilting or lateral
shifting.
(1) Note. Devices in which the movements of the earth
working element are a result of a simple pivoting motion
about a single axis or a canted pivot axis are not included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
445 for tools carried by mast-type hitch having a means
operated by vertical hitch movement.
Subclass:
459
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element which is swingable about
an axis which extends substantially in the direction of
movement of the apparatus over the ground.
(1) Note. The earth working element may have a motion of
translation and still be considered swingable about a
longitudinal axis if the motion of translation is caused by
links swinging about a longitudinal axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for an implement with a mast-type hitch and laterally
adjustable about a longitudinal axis.
456 for an apparatus comprising a group of tools liftable
vertically on a wheeled frame and side groups swingable
inwardly on longitudinal axes.
640 for plural, relatively movable tool groups having a tool
group pivotally adjustable about a horizontal axis.
782 for a scraper between front and rear ground supports of
a vehicle and a laterally offset tool which is adjustable
about a longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
460
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element is swingable about two
longitudinal axes which are transversely spaced on the
apparatus, each of said axes being selectively vertically
adjustable.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 781+ especially subclass 797 and the subclasses
there noted for a scraper between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle swingable about two vertically
adjustable longitudinal axes.
Subclass:
461
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
having a means for removing debris from the earth working
element when it is raised, said means being (1) fixed on the
frame and the earth working element raised relative thereto
or (2) positively moved relative to the earth working element
by the raising motion of the earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 606+ for earth working tools having cleaners.
Subclass:
462
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of earth working elements each
individually biased downwardly by resilient means, and an
actuator lifting all of said implements as a group to
transport position.
(1) Note. The mere broad recitation in a claim that an earth
working element is a spring tooth is not enough for
classification under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for a tool lifted for transport on a wheeled frame which
is spring-biased down during operation.
Subclass:
463
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which (1) the actuator for raising the earth working element
is mounted on the earth working element and moves therewith
between transport and working positions as a result of the
operation of said actuator; or (2) the actuator for lifting
the earth working element and the earth working element are
carried by a common supporting structure which may be readily
removable from the wheeled frame as a unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 315+ for an actuator on an implement which is
controlled from a propelling vehicle.
443 for mast-type hitch devices in which the mast-type hitch
forms a unit with the implement.
Subclass:
464
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is positively moved in a
downward direction by a servomotor.
(1) Note. A device in which the earth working element is
pivotally connected to and trails behind a member which is
positively forced down by a servomotor is included in this
definition.
Subclass:
465
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the actuator for lifting the earth working element
comprises a servomotor and there are means operated in
response to the motion of the servomotor for stopping the
motor before the limit of motion is reached.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for automatic draft responsive power control apparatus
combined with a position control device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclasses 358+ for
expansible chamber motors having working member position
responsive feedback control.
Subclass:
466
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the actuator is powered by a servomotor and there is a
means for holding the earth working element out of engagement
with the earth so as to support the element independently of
the servomotor.
Subclass:
467
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the wheeled frame carries a draft means for connecting
it to a propelling means, said draft means being movable
relative to the frame and interconnected with an earth
working element whereby movement of the draft means relative
to the frame causes vertical movement of the earth working
element relative to the frame, said frame also carrying an
actuator adapted to lift the earth working element for
transport on the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 239+ for devices having draft responsive depth
control means.
subclasses 605+ for devices adjusted by utilizing the draft
force on a shiftable hitch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 435 for motion
or draft responsive load handler including movably connected
vehicle sections.
Subclass:
468
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which actuating means are provided for lifting a plurality of
earth working elements to transport position and said means
are operable to lift one of said elements independently of
another element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for diverse tools having independent lift actuators.
subclasses 230+ for parallel separate tools alternating for
right or left hand operation having independently operable
means for alternating the operating position of the tools, as
by raising and lowering the latter.
subclasses 300+ for a plurality of tools mounted ahead of
the rear and behind a motor vehicle and having independent
left actuators.
304 for plural independently actuatable tools carried
forward of the rear of a motor vehicle.
Subclass:
469
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Apparatus in
which the actuating means is a single actuator alternately
connectable to each earth working element to lift it
independently of the others.
Subclass:
470
Apparatus under subcass 468 in which (1) an additional
actuating means is provided to lift all the earth working
elements simultaneously or (2) means are provided for
selectively connecting two or more of the earth working
elements to be lifted together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 for wheeled implements having an actuator for
simultaneously adjusting wheels on different axles and having
an additional actuator for changing the relative position of
the wheels.
Subclass:
471
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Apparatus in
which there are three or more separate earth working elements
each with a separate actuator.
Subclass:
472
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
wherein there are a plurality of earth working elements and
means are provided for raising all the earth working elements
as a unit and for selectively lowering each element
separately.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for separate tools alternating for right or left hand
operation which may be simultaneously raised and held in
raised position by separate latches.
462 for plural tools independently spring- biased down and
raised at a unit.
481 for tools which are held in position by a latch means
separate from the actuating means.
Subclass:
473
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is positively adjusted
vertically at different rates or at different times at points
spaced in the direction of travel by a single actuator (to
thereby raise the earth working element vertically as well as
tilt the same about a transverse axis).
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. This definition includes a device having an
actuator which is connected to a tool beam at a single point
where the beam is also connected to the frame at a
longitudinally spaced point by means of a cam, link, etc.,
such that upon operation of the actuator the beam is
positively caused to move such that the two points of
connection of necessity are moved vertically at different
rates. This is to be distinguished from connections such as a
freely pivoted link etc., which will permit but not
necessarily enforce a different rate of movement, and which
is excluded from this definition. See subclass 480.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
474 for means to adjust an implement about a horizontal
transverse axis including means to adjust said axis
vertically.
480 see (1) Note above. 484, for means to adjust an
implement vertically including parallel links connecting the
implement and frame.
Subclass:
474
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element is independently adjustable
about an axis which extends laterally of the direction of
travel, the elevation of the axis also being selectively
adjustable.
(1) Note. For the definition of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The implement may be raised to transport position
by either rocking about the transverse axis or by vertical
adjustment of the axis or both.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
448 for tools carried by a mast-type hitch which include an
auxiliary vertical adjustment.
789 for a scraper mounted between front and rear supports of
a vehicle with an actuator for lifting it to transport
position and an actuator for bodily shifting a scraper
subframe draft connection which forms a transverse axis about
which the scraper is adjustable.
795 for a scraper mounted between front and rear supports of
a vehicle with an actuator for lifting it for transport and
an actuator for tilting the scraper about a transverse,
vertically adjustable axis.
Subclass:
475
This subclass is indented under subclass 474. Apparatus in
which two actuators are carried on the frame and are
longitudinally spaced thereon, one of said actuators
adjusting the earth working element about the transverse axis
and the other actuator adjusting the elevation of the
transverse axis.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
476
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element is selectively positionable
transversely of the direction of travel of the apparatus.
(1) Note. The mere recitation that the earth working element
is laterally or transversely adjustable is not enough for
classification in this subclass. Some structural detail
relative to the adjustment must be recited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for a laterally adjustable earth working element mounted
forward of the rear of a motor vehicle.
subclasses 446+ for a laterally adjustable implement with a
mast-type hitch.
456 for apparatus liftable for transport on a wheeled frame
in which a central group of earth working elements is lifted
vertically and side groups are movable inwardly.
subclasses 459+ for an earth working element lifted
vertically on a wheeled frame about a longitudinal axis.
subclasses 645+ for plural, relatively movable tools which
are horizontally adjustable.
subclasses 741+ for a laterally adjustable earth working
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 467+ for articulated
vehicles which are laterally or angularly adjustable.
Subclass:
477
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element is adjustable about a
vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
447 for a tool liftable on a wheeled frame by a mast-type
hitch and adjustable about a vertical axis.
796 and the subclasses there noted, for a scraper mounted
between the front and rear ground supports of a vehicle, an
actuator for lifting the scraper for transport and an
actuator for adjusting the scraper about a vertical axis.
subclasses 818+ for an elongated earth working blade
mounted ahead of a motor vehicle and an actuator for lifting
the blade for transport, the blade being adjustable about a
vertical axis.
Subclass:
478
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is mounted upon a member
mounted to swing about a fixed transverse axis, the actuator
and the earth working element both being connected to the
member at points spaced from the pivot axis and on opposite
sides thereof, the actuator being effective to raise the
earth working element to transport position by movement about
said axis.
(1) Note. Devices in which a beam or longitudinal member is
pivoted to swing about a transverse axis with an actuator and
earth working element connected to the member on opposite
sides of the pivot axis wherein the actuator comprises a
handle rigidly connected to the beam or member are not
included in this definition and are classified in subclass
482.
Subclass:
479
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is mounted upon a member
mounted to swing about a fixed transverse axis, the actuator
being connected to the member forward of the pivot axis and
being effective to raise the earth working element to a
transport position about said axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for a tool located forward of the rear of a motor
vehicle and mounted on a push bar which is pivoted at its
rear end to the motor vehicle and has an actuator attached to
its forward end to lift the same.
Subclass:
480
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is raised by moving it about
a transverse axis which is free to move vertically or
longitudinally when the earth working element is in
earth-engaging position or in which the earth working element
is carried by a beam which is raised until some point thereon
engages a point on the supporting frame at which time said
points form a pivot axis about which the beam swings.
(1) Note. An earth working element which is connected to the
supporting frame by a mere chain, cable, or the like is not
included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
473 for tools positively adjusted vertically at
longitudinally spaced points.
474 for tools vertically adjustable about a transverse axis
which is also vertically adjustable.
Subclass:
481
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
having means operative between the supporting frame and the
earth working element for holding the earth working element
in one position relative to the frame and in which the
holding means is spaced from and forms no part of the lifting
actuator or linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for separate tools alternating for right or left hand
operation which may be simultaneously raised and held in
raised position by separate latches.
466 for a tool which is lifted for transport by a servomotor
and which is held raised by means independent of the
servomotor.
472 for simultaneously raised plural tools which may be
individually lowered, as by releasing a latch means.
683 for tools which are latched in an earth working
position, there being no lift actuator for the tool.
Subclass:
482
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising a shaft mounted on the wheeled frame for rotation
about its axis, an earth working element rigidly connected to
said shaft to rotate therewith about the shaft axis, said
shaft being rotated by the actuator to thereby lift the earth
working element for transport.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 322+ for tools rocked about a wheel axis by an
actuator.
Subclass:
483
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element during its vertical movement
maintains substantially the same angular position with
respect to the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 415+ for vertically adjustable translatable
wheels.
460 and the subclasses there noted for a tool independently
vertically adjustable at transversely spaced points and also
capable of vertical translation.
661 for plural, relatively movable tools in which a tool is
vertically translatably adjustable.
subclasses 739+ for devices wherein the tool is carried by
a mast-type hitch which is generally connected to a vehicle
for raising and lowering by vertically spaced substantially
parallel links.
Subclass:
484
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is carried by links pivoted
to the frame and the earth working element, said links
remaining substantially parallel throughout the vertical
movement of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
307 for tools mounted forward of the rear of a motor vehicle
and having a parallelogram-type lift means for raising the
tool.
subclasses 439+ for a tool lifted by a mast-type hitch
having parallel links.
Subclass:
485
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the actuator includes a power means comprising a
servomotor or a power take-off and in addition a lever means
manipulable by an attendant for moving the earth working
element or the power means or a part thereof to effect an
adjustment of the earth working element by human power or for
acting as an adjustable stop to alter the range of movement
imparted to the earth working element by the power means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303 for tools mounted ahead of the rear of a motor vehicle
and having a power actuator with a manual adjusting or
actuating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 625+ for
alternate manual or power operators.
Subclass:
486
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Apparatus in
which the means manipulable by the attendant is related to
the power unit so that they both are used simultaneously or
selectively and the attendant manipulable means can move the
earth working element over the same distance and between the
same limits as the power means.
Subclass:
487
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Apparatus in
which the earth working element may be lowered to different
depths in the soil as the result of different settings of the
attendant manipulable means but is always raised to
substantially the same height over the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
411 for self-powered crank axle mounted vertically
adjustable wheels with constant height depth adjustment.
Subclass:
488
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of earth working elements which are
movable relative to each other and in which a single actuator
is provided for lifting all the earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 138+ for diverse tools which are vertically
adjusted by a single actuator and move relative to one
another when adjusted.
456 for devices having side groups of tools which are
movable inwardly toward a vertically movable central group.
462 for plural tools which are spring-biased down and raised
as a unit.
Subclass:
489
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
wherein the earth working elements are moved relative to each
other as a result of the lifting movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 138+ for diverse tools which are vertically
adjustable by a single actuator and move relative to one
another when adjusted.
390 for apparatus having a plurality of spring tools carried
by parallel pivoted tooth bars and also having a wheel
substitute such as a runner, said bars usually having an
actuator to pivot said bars whereby the tools will be
raised.
Subclass:
490
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises a winch for winding a cable to
hoist the earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 293+ for a plurality of like elements
sequentially operated by a power cycle wherein rotary drums
are employed to actuate the elements.
414 for apparatus including a vertically adjustable ground
support for a tool frame including a flexible connection
between the ground support and actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclasses 264+ for apparatus for hauling or
hoisting a load including a driven drum which contacts and
pulls on a cable attached to the load.
Subclass:
491
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises a motor which is in motion just
long enough to effect the desired movement of the earth
working element and then stops.
(1) Note. Servomotor actuators are very common in this art
and only unusual types should be cross-referenced to this
subclass. The search notes below list subclasses in which
"servomotor" appears in the title.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for an implement with an automatic control
for a servomotor.
294 for devices having a series of elements, such as wheels
or tools, which are sequentially operated by a power cycle
where the power is supplied by sequentially operated
servomotors.
316 for servomotor actuator on a trailing implement
controlled from a leading vehicle.
413 for wheels vertically adjusted by a servomotor
actuator.
464 for a servomotor actuator forcing a tool down.
465 for a servomotor with a follow up control for lifting a
tool for transport.
466 for a servomotor for lifting a tool for transport and
means for holding the tool raised to relieve the load on the
servomotor.
831 for plural servomotor actuators for lifting an elongated
earth working blade positioned ahead of a motor vehicle.
Subclass:
492
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises a device for applying the power
of a continuously moving source of power to the earth working
element for the period of time necessary to move it from one
position of adjustment to another.
(1) Note. The source of power may be a ground wheel or
motor. However, those devices in which the adjustment of the
earth working element is accomplished by applying the power
of a propelling means to shifting a hitch are not included.
See subclasses 605+ for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for means utilizing the power from a ground wheel to
adjust an earth marker.
231 for parallel separate tools alternating for right or
left hand operation which are independently operated by power
derived from a ground wheel.
subclasses 293+ for a series of like elements sequentially
operated by a power cycle which may be derived from a power
take-off.
402 and 403+, for devices having an actuator and means
interconnecting the actuator and a plurality of wheels for
vertically adjusting the wheels wherein the power for the
actuator is derived from a ground wheel.
subclasses 407+ for power-operated means for vertically
adjusting a ground support including power take-off devices.
subclasses 485+ for power-actuating means with manual
adjusting or supplemental manual-actuating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclasses 388-392 for rakes adjusted by a
power take-off means deriving power from a wheel.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 11+ for power
take-offs of general application.
Subclass:
493
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Apparatus
wherein means are provided to positively disengage the
actuating means from the source of power when the earth
working element has reached a predetermined position.
(1) Note. A simple slip clutch is not included in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for means utilizing the power from a ground wheel to
adjust an earth marker.
410 for apparatus comprising a frame vertically adjustable
relative to a wheel mounted on a crank axle and having a
self-interrupted clutch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 33 for an
automatic clutch having a manual control and definite
position release.
Subclass:
494
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising a linkage means disposed between the earth working
element and the frame (1) which acts to hold the earth
working element in a raised position by a link passing over a
center position such that the movement due to the weight of
the earth working element acts to hold it in raised position
or (2) which acts to hold the earth working element in one
position by a pair of links assuming a substantially in-line
position (i.e., toggle).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
499 for tools which include a spring device for alternately
biasing a tool in opposite directions during operation.
506 for spring-assisted or spring actuators which may
include a spring device for biasing the actuator to raise or
lower the tool.
Subclass:
495
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
wherein the actuator is provided with means which adapts it
to be operated by the power of a human foot.
Subclass:
496
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Apparatus in
which means are provided for applying human power by hand to
the actuating means in addition to or alternatively of the
foot-operated means.
Subclass:
497
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is biased by resilient means
during operation of the device.
(1) Note. The mere recitation in a claim that the earth
working element is a spring tooth or formed of a spring
material is not enough for classification under this
definition.
(2) Note. A mere spring-biased hitch is not included. See
subclass 678 for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for driven earth working elements which are yieldably
mounted on a supporting frame.
subclasses 705+ for earth working elements which are spring
biased or formed or have a part which is spring biased or
formed.
Subclass:
498
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus in
which the resilient means provides an opposite bias on the
tool when the tool moves in either direction from a neutral
position.
Subclass:
499
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus in
which the resilient means is active to press the earth
working element downwardly when the earth working element is
in operative position and is so arranged to provide an upward
bias on the earth working element as it is raised to
transport position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
494 for tools held in raised position by an overcenter or
toggle holding device by the weight of the tool acting on the
holding device.
506 for spring-assisted or spring actuators which may
include a spring device for biasing the actuator to raise or
lower the tool.
Subclass:
500
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus in
which the bias of the resilient means acts to move the earth
working element downwardly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
462 for plural tools which are individually spring-biased
downwardly and raised as a unit.
Subclass:
501
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the connection between the actuator and earth working
element is such as to allow at least a certain amount of free
vertical movement between the two in at least one direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for driven earth working elements which are free to move
bodily at least a limited amount relative to a supporting
frame on which they are mounted.
414 for apparatus including a vertically adjustable ground
support for a tool frame including a flexible or lost motion
connection between the ground support and the actuator.
449 for apparatus with a mast-type hitch in which the tool
is movable relative to the mast while earth working.
Subclass:
502
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Apparatus in
which the connection between the actuator and earth working
element includes a flexible member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 293+ for a plurality of like elements
sequentially operated by a power cycle wherein flexible
connectors are interposed between the power means and an
element, and through which the element may be actuated by the
power means.
490 for tools raised by means of a rotary drum actuator, the
connection between the drum and tool usually being a flexible
connection.
Subclass:
503
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus
comprising an actuator having a portion pivoted on an axis
spaced from the pivot axis of a part of the earth working
element, said actuator portion being directly connected to
the earth working element by a connection permitting relative
sliding motion between the actuator portion and the earth
working element part.
Subclass:
504
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the actuator includes a pair of relatively movable
threaded members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 for ground supports which are moved with a vertical
translating motion relative to a frame by a screw-jack type
actuator.
427 for ground supports which are moved vertically relative
to a frame by a screw-jack type actuator.
Subclass:
505
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is connected to the frame by
a U-shaped member, the earth working element being carried in
the bight of said member.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those devices in
which the bail member constitutes an axle for a wheel and the
tool is rigidly connected to the bail since such devices are
classified above in subclass 322.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
397 for apparatus having a tool and a ground support which
are moved together relative to a frame and which include a
tool carried in a bail formed by a wheel carrying crank
axle.
480 for tools lifted for transport on wheeled frame said
tools swing about a freely shiftable or delayed pivot in
which the tool may be carried by a bail member.
Subclass:
506
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Apparatus in
which (1) a resilient means is provided which is operatively
connected to the actuator so that movement of the actuator in
one direction stores energy in the resilient means which is
released and aids in moving the actuating means in the
opposite direction; or (2) in which the earth working element
may be latched in working position and the actuator is a
resilient means in which energy is stored in the latched
position and is released to raise the earth working element
when the latter is unlatched.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
424 for spring-assisted actuators for moving a ground
support vertically.
subclasses 497+ for tools which are spring biased during
operation and raised to a transport position by an actuator.
790 for a scraper mounted between front and rear supports of
a vehicle and counterbalance means for adjusting the
scraper.
Subclass:
507
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a framework having ground support means
such as wheels, the position of the ground support means in
the apparatus in plan view being changeable with respect to
the framework.
(1) Note. The framework in this definition comprises the
running gear of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 278+ for implements with wheel steering or an
actuator for horizontally angling a wheel axis.
subclasses 383+ for an implement with the axis of rotation
of the wheel lockable or angularly adjustable.
subclasses 395+ for an implement with a ground support
vertically adjustable with respect to the frame, which
vertical adjustment may include a horizontal adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 638+ for extensible
vehicles.
Subclass:
508
Apparatus under class defintion comprising (1) means to
prevent people, animals, or objects from contacting parts of
the apparatus so as to prevent injuries to themselves or the
apparatus, (2) means to change the position of standing
plants without soil disturbance (other than changes brought
about by the earth working elements themselves), or (3) means
to deflect earth or debris thrown about by the apparatus.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those devices where
an earth working element is provided with an extension or
portion which acts as a deflector or shield.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for implements including means to shift
nonstanding plants without soil disturbance.
38 for an implement comprising a driven tool and an
obstruction-feeling device.
81 for an implement comprising a driven tool and a plant
deflector or protector.
subclasses 112+ for an implement comprising a driven tool
with a deflector or shield for thrown material.
subclasses 233+ for apparatus including an
obstruction-feeling device for causing or permitting movement
of an implement to avoid striking the obstruction.
subclasses 558+ for disk cleaners which may also deflect
earth.
subclasses 606+ for tool cleaners.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 137 for
an unearthing device provided with a protective guard or
casing.
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 847+ for land vehicles with
dust and mud guards, subclass 159 for dust guards, and
subclasses 160+ for wheel guards for fending obstacles from
contact with the wheels of a vehicle.
Subclass:
509
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus
comprising means to limit the lateral movement of material
thrown out by an earth working element, usually to protect
adjacent standing plants from injury.
Subclass:
510
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Apparatus in
which said means has a rotating movement imparted thereto
usually by rolling contact with the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
534 for rolling devices provided with peripherally spaced
plant saving means.
Subclass:
511
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Apparatus in
which said means comprises (1) a member having openings
therein, or (2) a plurality of spaced members defining
openings to permit the passage of material of a size smaller
than the size of the openings through said means.
Subclass:
512
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Apparatus in
which said means comprises an inverted U- or V-shaped member
for limiting the movement of material thrown inwardly toward
said means from opposite sides.
Subclass:
513
Apparatus under 509 in which said means comprises a pair of
members spaced transversely of the direction of travel for
limiting the movement of material thrown inwardly toward said
means from opposite sides.
Subclass:
514
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus
comprising means for positioning or holding standing plants
(e.g., weeds) so that they may be covered or cut by the
operation of an earth working element.
(1) Note. This definition includes means to hold surface
material, such as stalks, in position to be cut by an earth
working element, but excludes means to change the position of
surface material without disturbing the soil. See subclasses
29+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for devices for shifting surface material
without disturbing the soil. See (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 143 for a trash hold down claimed in
combination with a planting machine.
Subclass:
515
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Apparatus in
which said means is (1) biased to a working position by a
spring means, or (2) formed of a resilient material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 705+ for spring biased or spring formed
earthworking tools or tool parts.
Subclass:
516
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Apparatus in
which said spring biased or formed means comprises a
plurality of closely spaced or contacting elements which
allow the passage of obstructions or larger plants between
the elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 55 and 56
for an extractor for unearthing plants or buried objects
comprising plural cooperating plant grasping jaws.
Subclass:
517
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus
comprising means for lifting or deflecting standing or rooted
plants to prevent covering or injury by the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81 for driven tools having plant deflectors or protectors.
Subclass:
518
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an earth working element which has a
rotational or orbital motion in use.
(1) Note. The motion of the element may be due to the
resistance of the earth, or objects on or in the earth, as
the element is moved over the earth; or it may be driven, but
no more of the driving means is claimed than a driven shaft
which supports the element or a wheel to which it is directly
connected, and it does not require a drive means to operate
it in the manner disclosed (see (3) Note under subclass 35).
(2) Note. An earth working device, comprising a plurality of
earth working blades, tines, or projections mounted on an
axis and intended to be used so that the earth is worked
while a blade is relatively stationary with respect to its
support frame and the device is rotated on its axis only
occasionally to bring down another blade to engage the earth,
is included even if the rotation is not a complete
revolution.
(3) Note. The phrase "earth working element" or the word
"tool" as applied to the subject mater of this group of
subclasses includes in its meaning a unitary rotating device
with a plurality of earth working blades or tines. The whole
rotating device is considered a tool or earth working
element, rather than merely a single blade of the device.
(4) Note. Patents are classified herein even if the claims
do not describe an earth working element as being of the
rolling or rotating type, provided that the sole specific
disclosure relates to rolling or rotating earth working
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for a lawn edger with a rolling cutter.
21 for lawn aerators.
31 for a rolling cutter in an implement with means for
shifting surface material without soil disturbance.
subclasses 35+ for driven tools or cleaners, especially
subclasses 68+ for a driven tool combined with a rolling
tool.
subclasses 133+ for diverse tools including rolling tools.
The rolling tools are not found in the generic subclass but
are found in indented subclasses 144, 149+, 153, 154, 156,
157, 158, 164, 166, 169, 170+, 174+, and 184+.
subclasses 219+ for an alternating implement comprising a
disk.
subclasses 349+ for a rolling tool guided or propelled by a
walking attendant.
subclasses 440+ for angled disk gangs liftable as a unit by
a mast-type hitch.
subclasses 454+ for angled disk gangs adapted to be
liftable as a unit by an actuator for transport on a wheeled
frame or broadly claimed implement, the lifting means not
comprising a mast-type hitch.
683 for a tool latched in earth working position.
715 for a rotary landside.
subclasses 716+ for a movable moldboard.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for general utility
cutting implements which may roll, rotate, or move through an
orbital path as the same are moved along the earth's
surface.
56, Harvesters, subclass 256 for rotating disk cutters for
harvesters of the vertical-cut type, and subclasses 500+ for
stalk choppers for cutting dead crop material.
111, Planting, subclasses 112+ for a rotary furrow opener
claimed in combination with a plant setting machine;
subclasses 121+ for a rotary furrow opener claimed in
combination with liquid or gas soil treatment; and subclasses
157+ for a rotary furrow opener claimed in combination with a
planting machine.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, appropriate subclasses for
tires and wheels. A tire or wheel may inherently have an
earth working function but is not classified in Class 172
unless the earth working function is claimed or specifically
described in the specification as an important feature.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 93 for a
rolling unearthing device.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 331+ for a
rolling cutter-type earth boring bit.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 20 for motor vehicles wherein
one or more rollers support the body or frame.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 5.1 for
wheels. A wheel may inherently work the earth due to its
configuration, but wheels are not classified in Class 172
unless the earth working function is claimed or unless the
earth working function is specifically described in the
specification as an important feature.
384, Bearings, subclass 157, for a plain bearing and 460 for
an antifriction bearing for plow or colter disks which may
include the bearing support.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 122+
for a smooth-surface compaction roller for compressing or
packing clods of earth, for rolling out an earthy mass, or
for rolling a cementitious mass, and subclass 121 for a
sheep's foot roller.
492, Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for, and see the notes thereunder.
Subclass:
519
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rim portion of the device bearing on the ground is
made of rubber, fabric, or like yieldable, flexible
material.
(1) Note. Devices under this definition must have a
configuration, when in contact with the ground which is like
that set out in the various subclasses under subclass 518. A
mere compacting roller is classifiable in Class 404, Road
Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 122+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
612 for fabric or flexible tools.
747 for tools made of some specific material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, appropriate subclasses for
wheels with yieldable surfaces.
492, Roll or Roller, subclass 29 for a roll, per se, not
elsewhere provided for, having a nap or pile surface and
subclasses 53+ and 57+ for a roll of specific composition.
Subclass:
520
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising earthworking elements on different axes and
interconnected so that the motion of one is constrained to
correspond with the motion of the other.
Subclass:
521
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising a means driven by the rotating earth working
element or a ground-engaging wheel for adjusting a part of
the apparatus.
(1) Note. For the meaning of adjusting see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for a driven earth working element driven from a rolling
or driven ground wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 439+ for a
ground wheel operated motion or draft responsive load
handler.
Subclass:
522
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the axis of rotation of the earth working element is
substantially vertical.
(1) Note. The axis may deviate from the vertical by as much
as 45 degrees. Also the axis may be adjustable to a
horizontal position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for a driven tool that rotates about a substantially
vertical axis.
169 for diverse tools, one of which is a tool which rotates
about a substantially vertical axis.
Subclass:
523
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is provided with one or more
vertically disposed teeth, blades, or like earth working
implements.
Subclass:
524
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Apparatus in
which a means engages the peripheral portion of the earth
working element to control or to aid in controlling the
position of the earth working element.
Subclass:
525
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Apparatus
including a weight or a means specifically designed to
support a weight.
Subclass:
526
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of earth working elements each having
its axis of rotation substantially vertically disposed.
Subclass:
527
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the axis of rotation of the earth working element is
substantially in the direction of movement of the apparatus
over the ground.
(1) Note. For classification under this definition an axis
must be very close to a true longitudinal axis when looked at
in plan view. Many commonly used disk plows and harrows
rotate about axes which are somewhat more longitudinally
inclined than transverse but such devices are not considered
to come under this definition and are classified in
appropriate subclasses below.
(2) Note. A device disclosed as comprising a tool driven
about a horizontal longitudinal axis is classified in
subclasses 107+ even if the drive means is not claimed.
Subclass:
528
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising brake or stop means for slowing down or stopping
the rotation or rolling of the earth working element.
(1) Note. Apparatus in which the retarding means is capable
of driving the earth working element is classifiable in
subclasses 35+ even if, as actually used, rotation is caused
due to the movement of the apparatus over the earth and the
"driving means" functions only to retard the motion of the
earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for diverse tools one of which is of the intermittently
rolling type.
237 for an earth working element which may rotate from a
working position through 360 deg. back to the working
position, the rotation through part of the cycle being
effected by a ground- engageable draft responsive lever.
subclasses 261+ for tools which may shift upon overload and
particularly subclass 262 for apparatus in which an alternate
tool is brought into operation as a result of the shift.
683 for an earth working element latched in working position
and which moves to a position of less earth resistance when
manually unlatched.
Subclass:
529
This subclass is indented under subclass 528. Apparatus in
which the brake or stop means comprises a detent device which
acts to positively stop motion by abutment against a shoulder
rather than by a frictional engagement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for a tool latched in working position and rotatable
through 360 deg. to return to working position and having a
ground- engageable draft responsive lever (e.g., wheel
segment) to rotate the tool through a portion of the cycle
after release of the latch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 440 for scoops adapted to be
rotated by forward movement of the device.
Subclass:
530
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Apparatus in
which the stop means is controlled by the motion of a ground
wheel or by a motor so that the rotating earth working
element is periodically released under control of the wheel
or motor as the apparatus is advanced over the ground.
Subclass:
531
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which one or more substantially planar rotary tools is
disposed at an angle to its axis of rotation whereby during
rotation the tool will sweep back and forth laterally of its
direction of traverse.
Subclass:
532
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the circumferential edge of the rolling or rotating
earth working element is a spiral or a substantial portion of
a spiral.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for screw- or spiral-type tools which are driven about
an axis transverse to the line of draft.
549 for plural tooth or blade units on a single axle which
could be adjusted to have the circumferential edge of the
teeth or blades in the form of a spiral.
Subclass:
533
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising a clutch connection between a rolling or rotating
earth working element and its supporting shaft by which means
the element may be connected for rotation with its shaft or
the shaft and element may rotate relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 and 125, for overload-relief type clutching means and
special clutch features, respectively, for power-driven
implements.
Subclass:
534
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling earth working element is in the form of a
wheel or roller lying in a plane parallel to the direction of
draft and having earth working surfaces thereon, there being
provided between a pair of the earth working surfaces a
recess, shield or guard means for receiving and protecting a
plant of a plant row.
(1) Note. The earth working surface may be merely a smooth
surface of the wheel or roller or may have teeth or the like
thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 53 for
vehicle wheels having the ground-engaging portion thereof
formed with a series of openings or depressions.
Subclass:
535
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising a circumferential earth working element adapted to
be readily attached to and detached from a generally circular
platelike member commonly called a "disk" so as to surround
the circumference of the platelike member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for a detachable rim for a disk, the rim being used as a
ground wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 63.1 for
vehicle wheels in which the supporting portion between the
ground-engaging rim and the hub is in the form of a
continuous or deformed disk.
Subclass:
536
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising a ground-engaging supporting wheel, roller, or
gage means having coaxially associated therewith and
operatively connected thereto at a side thereof a rotary tool
means, the surface of the wheel or roller not being
overlapped by the rotary tool.
(1) Note. The tool may be a rim or the like attached (1) to
one end face of the wheel and may project laterally or
radially outwardly therefrom, or (2) may be a thin rim or the
like attached between the end faces of a pair of wheels and
projecting radially outwardly therefrom in a relatively flat
plane such that the overall area of the peripheral surfaces
of the wheels is not appreciably changed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
539 for wheels or rollers having a groove, rim or disk
formed integral therewith or attached thereto so as to be on
or overlie the circumference of the wheel or roller.
Subclass:
537
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling implement comprises (1) a plurality of
abutting, coaxially aligned, similar, unbroken,
peripheral-edged wheel-like elements which together form an
axially extending wave-like configuration of alternate ridges
and grooves or (2) a single broad-rimmed element having the
outer peripheral surface thereof formed of an axially or
circumferentially extending wave-like configuration of
alternate ridges and grooves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclass 124, for
a compacting roller with specific periphery characteristic.
492, Roll or Roller, subclasses 30+ for a roll, per se, not
elsewhere provided for, having surface projections,
indentations or slits.
Subclass:
538
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the earth working element comprises an integral or
separately formed pair of cooperating, radially inwardly
converging annular soil packing surfaces adapted to ride on
and compress the opposed sloping faces of a ridged plant or
seed row.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
519 for planter press wheels having the opposed converging
rim portions thereof, i.e., the tread portions, formed of a
flexible material such as rubber.
Subclass:
539
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising a broad-rimmed rolling device having a generally
smooth surface for breaking clods and/or smoothing the earth,
said device having at least one circumferential groove to
form a ridge of earth as the device rolls over the earth, or
being associated with one or more thin rims or disks which
lie in a generally vertical plane and project radially beyond
the broad-rimmed circumference of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
536 for a wheel or roller with an axially adjacent earth
working element rotating on the same axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclass 124, for
a compacting roller with specific periphery characteristics.
Subclass:
540
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working element has
teeth, tines, projections, blades, or other configurations
spaced circumferentially in a plane generally at right angles
to the axis of rotation to engage the earth intermittently or
with a varying effect as the effect as the earth working
element turns.
(1) Note. This definition includes those devices in which
earth working teeth, tines, or blades are attached to wheels
or rollers to convert them to the kind of earth working
element set forth in the definition. Apparatus in which a
wheel element is attached to a toothed element for purposes
of transportation is found in subclass 243.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 118+ for similar earth working elements which
are mounted on a transverse axis and provided with a means
for driving said elements through a cycle of operation.
177 for diverse tools, one of which is of the rolling type
having circumferentially spaced blades, tines, or the like.
532 for a rolling tool with screw- or spirally arranged
blades or teeth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 377 for side delivery horse rakes
having tined rotary raking elements.
111, Planting, subclass 159 for a tined rotary furrow opener
claimed in combination with a planting machine.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 93, 95+,
116, and 128 for rolling a rotating means provided with
circumferentially spaced teeth or blades.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 40.1 for
emergency tires having traction increasing lugs or blades
fastened thereto, and subclasses 43+ for wheels having
traction increasing means in the form of projecting spurs or
cleats.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclass 121 for
a sheep's foot roller.
452, Butchering, subclasses 141+ for meat tenderizing
rollers having circumferentially, spaced teeth, blades, or
the like.
492, Roll or Roller, subclasses 30+ for a roll, per se, not
elsewhere provided for, having surface projections,
indentations or slits.
Subclass:
541
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which there are means operable to move the earth working
projections with respect to the rotating support therefor to
prevent the engagement of the projections with the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclasses 46+ for
vehicle wheels having adjustably mounted thereon traction
increasing spurs or cleats.
Subclass:
542
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which the teeth, tines, projections, or blades of the
implement are mounted on a flexible or articulated, closed
belt-like member which moves through an endless circuit as
the device is moved over the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for power driven, endless chain-type earth working
implements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 89+ for an
earth-boring device including a tool element on a
continuously driven flexible or articulated endless member.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, subclasses 187+
for one endless flexible track for a land vehicle, said track
having detachable cleats for penetrating the ground to secure
better traction for the track.
Subclass:
543
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which the teeth, tines, blades, or the like are formed of an
inherently resilient material whereby such teeth, tines,
blades, or the like may flex or yield under stress.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for spring teeth, blades, tines, or the like mounted on a
cyclically driven carrier.
643 and 705+, for spring teeth, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclasses 5+ for spring
wheels having deformable ground-engaging rim portions whereby
the wheel as a whole does not retain its circular form during
rotation.
Subclass:
544
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which a tooth, tine, or blade is mounted on a spring or is
related to a spring so that relative movement between the
tooth, tine, or blade and its supporting member stresses the
spring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for flexible or yieldably mounted teeth, blades, or the
like mounted on a cyclically driven carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclasses 5+ for spring
wheels having resiliently deformable ground-engaging rim
portions whereby the wheel as a whole does not retain its
circular form during rotation.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 51 for a
vehicle wheel having resiliently mounted thereon one or more
traction increasing spurs or cleats.
Subclass:
545
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which the projecting means change their position relative to
each other while the device as a whole is rotating, or are in
movable relation to a rotating support therefor while the
support is rotating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for driven implements wherein the teeth, blades, or tines
therefor are moved or are movable relative to a driven
carrier portion thereof.
541 for rolling supports having movable mounted thereon
teeth, blades, tines, or the like which are movable to a
position in which the teeth, etc., are prevented from
engaging the ground.
543 for rolling or rotating implements with spring teeth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclasses 45+ for
vehicle wheels having movable mounted thereon traction
increasing spurs or cleats.
Subclass:
546
This subclass is indented under subclass 545. Apparatus in
which means are provided for causing the movement to take
place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 92+ for similar devices wherein the rotating
element is positively driven from a power source.
96 for similar devices wherein the rotating element is
positively driven from a power source and the means for
causing movement is a spring.
541 for a moving means operable to prevent ground engagement
of the tines.
subclasses 544+ for spring mounting or moving means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 48 and 49 for
vehicle wheels having traction increasing spurs or cleats
thereon, there being provided a means for alternately
projecting and retracting the spurs on cleats during each
revolution of the wheel.
Subclass:
547
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus with
means for clearing earth from the projecting elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for apparatus in which one earth working element is
definitely a driving means and is cleaned by another earth
working element which is driven by the first element as the
apparatus is propelled over the ground.
546 for a rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving element
having tines, blades, or the like in which the tines or
blades are cleaned by movement relative to the rotating
support.
subclasses 558+ for disc cleaning means.
subclasses 674+ for earth working tool cleaning means in
general.
Subclass:
548
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which there are a plurality of tooth, tine, or blade units
side by side on a common shaft or axle, each unit comprising
at least one blade, tooth, or tine and a hub portion.
Subclass:
549
This subclass is indented under subclass 548. Apparatus in
which a means is provided on the tooth or blade units or on
the supporting axle therefor for adjusting the angular
disposition of the tooth or blade units relative to each
other in a circumferential direction about said axle.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjusting" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for ground-engaging teeth or blades adjustably mounted
on the peripheral surfaces of rotary tools, which tools are
driven about horizontally disposed, longitudinally extending
axes.
550 for a rolling or rotating tool with adjustable teeth.
Subclass:
550
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus
wherein a tine, tooth, blade, or like projection is
adjustable on a rotatable carrier means.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. A device disclosed as comprising a tool driven
about a horizontal longitudinal axis and having adjustable
teeth or blades is classified in subclass 109 even if the
drive means is not claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 545+ for a rolling or rotating tool in which the
blades or teeth change position during rotation.
549 for a rolling or rotating tool with plural, adjustable,
positioned tine units on a single axle.
Subclass:
551
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which the rolling implement is journaled in a frame which
frame is movably mounted on a main frame, there being
interposed between the two frames a resilient means for
yieldably urging the implement into ground contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for rotary-driven implements which are yieldably mounted
on a supporting frame.
572 for spring means to move a rolling or rotating tool
vertically.
Subclass:
552
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which a laterally extending bar or earth working blade
portion is held on a rotatable support by openwork or spaced
supporting means.
(1) Note. The general appearance of these devices is usually
very similar to that of the conventional lawn mower.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for similar rolling earth working elements combined with
means for shifting surface material without soil disturbance
(e.g., combined with rake).
121 for driven earth working elements having laterally
extending blades or skeleton support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 52 for
vehicle wheels composed of two or more parallel rims
connected one to the other by cleats.
Subclass:
553
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Apparatus in
which the laterally extending blade portion is provided with
or formed of a number of spaced prongs, teeth, notches, or
the like ground-working projections.
Subclass:
554
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus which
comprises a relatively large diameter drum or roller-like
member having axially spaced along the periphery thereof a
plurality of teeth, blades, cutters, or the like.
(1) Note. The peripheral surface of the drum should be in
ground contact as distinguished from a small diameter
supporting shaft for teeth, blades, cutters or the like,
which shaft would not be in ground contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for a driven tool comprising a drum having teeth or
blades.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 23.51 and 895.31 for apparatus
and processes, respectively, of making toothed cylinders.
Subclass:
555
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which the teeth or other configurations are integral parts of
a platelike member.
Subclass:
556
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus in
which the teeth or blades are attached to a generally thin
wheel or hub-like rotary support by a locking or clamping
means which means itself extends, or exerts a clamping force
which extends, in a direction parallel to the axis of
rotation of said support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 44.1 for
vehicle wheels having detachably mounted thereon traction
increasing spurs or cleats.
Subclass:
557
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working element compreses
a continuous rim supported by a plurality of spokes.
(1) Note. Earth working elements such as press wheels,
marker wheels and the like are found in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
539 for a wheel or roller with a groove, rim, or disk.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 64.1 for a
vehicle wheel in which the supporting portion between the rim
and the hub comprises a disk deformed or cut to simulate in
form or function the spokes of a conventional wheel.
Subclass:
558
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising means to remove earth from a generally circular
plate like rolling or rotating earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for a rolling or rotating tool for cutting or raising a
furrow slice and a nonrolling adjacent moldboard for
receiving the furrow slice and inverting or completing the
inversion of the same.
220 for cleaning means for disks which are shifted for
opposite throw for alternate right or left hand operation,
the cleaning means being movable relative to the disk upon
reversal of the disk.
547 for cleaners for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving
earth working elements having tines, blades or other
discontinuous or angular periphery.
606 for cleaners for stationary-type implement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, especially
subclass 236.01, for disk cleaners which are not attachments
on earth working apparatus.
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 855+ for vehicles having
wheel scrapers or cleaners.
Subclass:
559
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Apparatus in
which the earth-removing means is supported for free rotation
in position to remove accumulated soil from the platelike
member.
Subclass:
560
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Apparatus in
which earth is removed from a pair of platelike members which
converge towards each other and touch or are closely adjacent
at their convergent ends.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
575 for converging touching disks.
Subclass:
561
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Apparatus in
which the earth-removing means remove earth from the opposite
sides of a said platelike member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
560 for converging discs having cleaners for opposite sides
of each disk.
Subclass:
562
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Apparatus in
which more than one earth-removing means is mounted to
cooperate with a single side of a said platelike member.
Subclass:
563
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of earth-removing means associated
with a plurality of disks and means common to said plurality
of earth-removing means for moving them towards and away from
the disks.
Subclass:
564
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Apparatus in
which the earth-removing means are each supported on a common
elongated shaft which is turned about its axis to move the
earth removing means.
Subclass:
565
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Apparatus in
which the disks have a common axis or generally parallel axes
and the associated earth-removing means are moved toward or
away from the disks by a common operating means which is
movable in a direction generally parallel to the axis or axes
of the disks.
Subclass:
566
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Apparatus in
which the earth-removing means or a portion thereof is urged
towards the platelike member.
Subclass:
567
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working elements comprise
a group of generally circular platelike members each having
the same axis of rotation and a single generally circular
platelike member having a different axis of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 574+ for plural disks mounted on individual
axes.
Subclass:
568
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working elements are
generally circular platelike members each having the same
axis of rotation and operated as a unit in ordinary use, a
plurality of the platelike members which comprise a portion
of the unit being movable or removable as a whole with
respect to the remaining platelike members.
Subclass:
569
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working elements are
generally circular platelike members said members being
parallel and mounted in an identical manner for pivotal
movement about vertical axes and means interconnecting them
for moving them about their axes, the movement of each member
or cluster of members about its axis being the same amount
and direction as the movement of each other member or cluster
of members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 221+ for an implement adapted to be alternated
for right or left hand operation by being shifted for an
opposite throw, said implement having plural disks shifted
about individual vertical axes.
576 for plural disks mounted on individual axes and provided
with interconnected means for simultaneously adjusting said
discs.
Subclass:
570
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working element is
provided with a spring other than one associated with a
detent.
Subclass:
571
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Apparatus in
which a spring affects movement of a group of said earth
working elements so as to change the angle of the axis or
axes of rotation of the elements in plan view.
Subclass:
572
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Apparatus in
which a spring acts to move said earth working elements
vertically.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
551 for a rolling tool having teeth, tines, or blades and
provided with spring means to urge the tool into ground
contact.
subclasses 705+ for spring means to move an earth working
element other than disk vertically.
Subclass:
573
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of said earth working elements, each
being separately and individually acted on by a spring
member.
Subclass:
574
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working element is
generally a circular platelike member, and there are a
plurality of such members, each of which is disclosed as
having an individual axle or is disclosed as revolving about
an individual axis, at least in one position of adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 685+ for plural tools of the nonrolling type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 164 for openers of this general type
claimed in combination with planters.
Subclass:
575
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Apparatus in
which two of said platelike members touch each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
560 for touching disks provided with cleaning means.
Subclass:
576
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Apparatus in
which there are means for adjusting the platelike members,
said means for the different platelike members being
interconnected or having a common operator so as to influence
each other.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjusting" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. Devices in which the platelike members, rigidly
mounted on the same support to move together, are not
included in this definition. The interconnection must be by a
linkage or the like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
569 for plural disks pivoted on individual vertical axes and
provided with interconnected means for moving them
identically.
Subclass:
577
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of earth working element, handled as a
unit, which unit is adapted to be turned to positions 180
deg. apart from each other in plan view, for use in earth
working in either position (e.g., to throw the earth either
to the right or left).
(1) Note. Many disk gangs are inherently reversible. For
classification under this definition a claim must make
specific reference to the reversible feature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 219+ for a group of rolling earth working
elements movable to reversed position by an actuating means
comprising more than a mere handle rigidly attached to the
frame to be moved.
254 for devices which are changeable in function due to
rearrangement of earth working elements, but not including
devices as defined in subclass 577.
subclasses 702+ for an earth working apparatus having a
reversible port other than a disk gang.
Subclass:
578
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus
comprising a wheel, other than a traction wheel forming a
normal part of a self-propelled vehicle.
(1) Note. For classification under this definition a claim
must positively refer to a wheel or some structure which
necessarily implies a wheel. A reference in a claim to a
frame which might or might not carry a wheel is not enough
even though the frame is disclosed as carrying a wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 395+ for rolling or rotating earth working
elements associated with wheels which are vertically
adjustable with respect to their running gear.
subclasses 440+ for angled gangs of earth working elements
liftable as a unit with the mast of a mast-type hitch.
subclasses 454+ for angled gangs of earth working elements
liftable as a unit for transport on a wheeled frame by means
other than a mast-type hitch.
Subclass:
579
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working element is a
generally circular platelike member and there are plurality
of groups or clusters of said members each group or cluster
comprising a subassembly of parts which is handled as a
unit.
(1) Note. A group is usually a gang of disks each rotating
about the same axis, the gang being handled as a unit in the
apparatus. The groups of disks, however, may be disclosed as
involving disks rotating on different axes. If the claim
merely calls for groups or gangs without detailing the
different axes, the device is classfiable under this
definition. If the claim describes the mounting of the disks
on different axes in some detail, the patent would be
classifiable in subclasses 574+ if its disclosure warranted
it, or in other appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
580
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Apparatus
comprising a power means for moving an implement part to
different positions relative to surrounding structure.
(1) Note. Implements which are adjusted by means of the
draft force pulling the implement are not included, being
classified in appropriate subclasses below. The "power means"
of this definition comprises a servomotor or a power take off
from a wheel or motor.
Subclass:
581
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Apparatus in
which groups of said members are changeable from one kind of
arrangement to another, the change involving more than mere
vertical adjustment, horizontal angling, lateral, or
longitudinal adjustment which does not change the basic
character of the arrangement.
(1) Note. The different arrangement may be solely for the
purpose of changing the overall width of the device whereby
it may be transported through a narrow opening in a fence,
along a roadway, or the like.
(2) Note. The same number of groups must appear in each
arrangement under this definition. For apparatus in which a
group is added or subtracted see subclass 253.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
568 for different arrangements effected by moving or
removing a section of a gang.
Subclass:
582
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Apparatus
comprising means for positioning groups of said members at
different lateral horizontal distances apart from each other
independently of the variation in spacing incidental to a
vertical motion or a horizontal angling movement.
Subclass:
583
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Apparatus
comprising means for adjusting a group of said members or
part thereof vertically.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjusting" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The group may be held in different positions by
the draft force on the implement.
(3) Note. The holding means may be an adjustable stop,
holding against movement in only one direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 440+ for plural groups of disks liftable as a
unit by a mast-type hitch.
454 for plural groups of disks lifted by an actuator as a
unit for transport on a wheeled frame or broadly claimed
implement.
600 for a single gang mounted for tilting and horizontal
angling adjustment.
Subclass:
584
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Apparatus
comprising means for adjusting a group of said members in
positions having a different angular relationship to adjacent
structure in plan view.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjusting" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The gang may be adjusted due to a draft force,
such as arises when making a turn or pulling the implement
forward or pushing it rearward, or due to manual adjustment.
Subclass:
585
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus in
which one group is of a different length than another group.
Subclass:
586
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus in
which there are more than two of said groups in a lateral
direction across the apparatus so that more than two paths
are formed in the ground.
(1) Note. A rear group may overlap a front group to a very
minor extent in a lateral sense and still be considered to
form a separate path. Where, however, the overlap is of
material length the groups are considered tandem and
classifiable in subclass 595 or 596.
Subclass:
587
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus
comprising at least two groups of disks arranged in staggered
relation with respect to each other on each side of the
center line of the apparatus (e.g., the axis of a group of
disks on one side of the center line does not intersect the
center line at the same point as the axis of a group of disks
on the other side of the center line).
Subclass:
588
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus
comprising a pair of said groups positioned abreast of each
other, a tongue member extending longitudinally of the line
of draft, means pivotally connecting the gangs to the tongue
member, a draft hitch means for connection to a propelling
means, said hitch means being mounted on and movable
longitudinally with respect to said tongue member, and means
connecting the gangs to the hitch means to swing or permit
the gang to swing about their pivots when the hitch means is
moved relative to the tongue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 435+ for
motion or draft responsive load handling including movably
connected vehicle sections.
Subclass:
589
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus
comprising a means attached to a tractor in addition to the
draft connection of the implement to the tractor and at a
point laterally spaced from the draft connection so that a
turning movement of the tractor causes a movement of a disc
gang relative to adjacent structure.
Subclass:
590
This subclass is indented under subclass 589. Apparatus
comprising a detent means holding two parts against relative
motion, which means is responsive to a movement of the
tractor hitched to the implement to release the detent.
Subclass:
591
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus
comprising an actuator powered by an attendant, the operation
of which moves a group or is effective to vary the range of
movement caused by some other means.
(1) Note. The mere operation of a latch is not included.
(2) Note. See the class definition for the meaning of
"actuator".
Subclass:
592
This subclass is indented under subclass 591. Apparatus in
which there is a plurality of actuators, each having a shaft,
the shaft of one actuator being concentrically positioned
with respect to the shaft of another actuator.
Subclass:
593
This subclass is indented under subclass 591. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of actuators, each connected to a
different group and each moving its group independently of
another.
Subclass:
594
This subclass is indented under subclass 591. Apparatus in
which two groups are arranged substantially abreast with
their longitudinal axes on substantially the same laterally
extending line and two other similarly positioned groups are
disposed behind the first two groups and thereby work
substantially the same soil path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
592 for horizontally, angularly adjustable double tandem
groups having concentric controls.
Subclass:
595
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus
comprising two groups positionable substantially abreast with
their longitudinal axes on substantially the same laterally
extending line and two other similarly positioned group,
behind the first two groups and working substantially the
same soil path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
588 for horizontally, angularly adjustable double tandem
groups wherein the adjusting means comprises a hitch,
longitudinally movable on the tongue of the apparatus.
subclasses 589+ for horizontally, angularly adjustable
double tandem groups having a turning connection offset from
the draft connection.
subclasses 594+ for horizontally, angularly adjustable
double tandem groups provided with manual actuator-adjusting
means.
Subclass:
596
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus
comprising a front group and a rear group positioned
substantially directly in back of the front group and working
substantially the same soil path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 48+ for power-driven earth working elements
arranged in tandem formation.
subclasses 589+ for horizontally, angularly adjustable
tandem gangs having a turning connection offset from the
draft connection.
Subclass:
597
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Apparatus
comprising two struts each directly pivoted to a different
group and directly pivoted to each other to form a toggle
joint between the groups.
Subclass:
598
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Apparatus
comprising a pair of groups positioned abreast and means
acting directly between the axles of the groups or directly
between the end disks to take the end thrust between the
groups.
Subclass:
599
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working element is a
generally circular platelike member and there is a plurality
of said members each having a common axis of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 574+ for plural discs having individual mounts
or axes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, subclass 157 for a plain bearing and 460 for
an antifriction bearing for a plow or colter disks which may
include the bearing support.
Subclass:
600
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Apparatus in
which the common axis is adjustable angularly in plan view
and is also adjustable angularly in an elevational view.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
583 for plural gangs supported for tilting adjustment.
subclasses 584+ for plural gangs supported for horizontal
angling adjustment.
603 for a single disc which is horizontally, angularly
adjustable.
742 for a tool which is laterally adjustable about a
vertical axis.
743 for a tool which is laterally adjustable about a
longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
601
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Apparatus in
which the axis of rotation of the platelike members extends
along the center of a straight supporting shaft, and the
platelike members are rotatable relative to said shaft.
Subclass:
602
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working tool is disclosed
as a single, generally circular platelike member which is
mounted on a frame or frame standard for free swinging,
arcuate movement about a vertical axis whereby the member
assumes or may freely assume different angular positions
relative to the direction of draft as viewed in plan.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
748 for a freely pivoting tool other than a disc.
Subclass:
603
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating earth working tool comprises a
single, generally circular platelike member provided with a
means for adjusting such member on a frame in a different
angular relationship to adjacent structure as viewed in
plan.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjusting" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 584+ for a horizontally, angularly adjustable
disc gang.
742 for a tool other than a disc which is laterally
adjustable about a vertical axis.
Subclass:
604
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Apparatus in
which the rolling or rotating element comprises a generally
circular platelike member of some specific structural
configuration.
(1) Note. For classification under this definition a patent
must have a claim which contains some detailed description of
the platelike member. The detailed description may relate
merely to the means for fastening the plate to a bearing
structure provided such means is integral with the plate. A
separate means for attachment to a bearing, or the bearing or
support structure, per se, is not included under this
definition. Thus, a patent with a claim reciting details of a
bearing and with merely a board reference to a disk is not
included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
557 for a disk with spokes.
subclasses 599+ for disk gangs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclasses 163+ for disk-type earth working
tools claimed in combination with planting machines.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 373 for a
disc cutter for a roller- type earth boring bit.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 63 for
vehicle wheels having the supporting portion between the hub
and the rim formed of a continuous or a deformed disk
member.
Subclass:
605
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a frame, a hitch carried by the frame
for connection to a propelling means, said hitch being
movable with respect to the frame, and earth working element
movably carried by the frame and means interconnecting the
hitch and earth working element whereby movement of the hitch
with respect to the frame causes movement of the earth
working element with respect to the frame.
(1) Note. This definition is intended to include devices in
which an earth working element has a normal earth working
position and is moved by the hitch after it has moved up from
the normal position on striking an obstacle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for an implement comprising a ground support moved
vertically relative to the frame by a draft force.
467 an implement comprising a tool having vertical movement
caused by a shiftable hitch combined with an actuator adapted
to lift the tool for transport on a wheeled frame or broadly
claimed implement.
588 for an implement comprising laterally disposed disk
gangs which are horizontally angled by a hitch longitudinally
movable on a tongue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 435+ for a
draft responsive load handler and transporter.
Subclass:
606
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means movable relative to an earth
working element or other part of the apparatus for cleaning
said earth working element or said other part of the
apparatus.
(1) Note. An earth working element having means to reduce
friction (e.g., moldboard with rollers) is excluded. However,
a nonearth working part (e.g., standard) having a relatively
movable part such as a roller to prevent weeds, trash, or the
like from collecting thereon is included under this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for an implement comprising a driven tool and a cleaner
spaced from the ground surface.
66 for a nondriven tool combined with a driven cleaner.
183 for laterally spaced rolling and nonrolling earth
working elements having a scissors or shearing action between
adjacent faces, usually to cut stalks, etc., from the
nonrolling element.
220 for a reversible disk with a reversible scraper.
subclasses 236+ for apparatus having a ground-engageable
draft responsive lever which may act to lift the implement
off the ground to free it from trash.
461 for apparatus having an implement liftable for transport
on a wheeled frame, the implement being movable with respect
to a cleaning means during lift.
547 for a rolling tool having circumferentially spaced tines
or blades and provided with cleaning means.
subclasses 558+ for disk type rolling implements with disk
cleaning means.
subclasses 714+ for earth working elements having parts
relatively movable during operation.
755 for moldboard-type implements in which the moldboard is
heated or lubricated to reduce friction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for general
utility cleaning apparatus not confined or limited to any
particular industrial art.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for the generic
home for the separation or removal of adherent dirt.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 313 for a
mechanical cleaner for an earth boring bit or cutter
element.
Subclass:
607
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is in the form of a
vertically extending tooth, the cleaner comprising a member
which extends completely around the tooth, relative vertical
movement between the tooth and cleaner effecting the cleaning
action.
Subclass:
608
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus
comprising a freely rotatable nonearth working member located
at some point subject to the collection of material (trash,
weeds, etc.) said member rotating under the influence of the
material to clear the same from the apparatus.
Subclass:
609
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus
including a plurality of earth working elements and means to
remove material from the surface of or from between the
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
607 for a plurality of teeth and cleaning means which
surrounds the teeth.
Subclass:
610
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus in
which thecleaner comprises an element which sweeps across the
surface to be cleaned in scraping contact therewith or
closely adjacent thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
609 for scrapers for plural tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate
subclasses for general cleaning attachments including
scrapers, wipers, or brushes which cooperate with moving
surfaces of devices to remove material therefrom.
Subclass:
611
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a weight or means for holding or
adjusting a weight.
(1) Note. Since any object has weight, apparatus is
classified in this subclass only when an element of the
combination is specially provided to add weight or hold a
weight.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
525 for implements having vertically extending teeth
rotatable about a substantially vertical axis, wherein a
weight is provided to tilt or cant the axis so that certain
of the teeth will engage the earth and cause the teeth to
rotate about said axis.
Subclass:
612
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a flexible fabric, chain, cable, strand,
rope, or wire for engaging the earth.
(1) Note. A flexible fabric may include a plurality of tooth
members each tooth or very small goup of teeth being joined
to others by pivoted links so as to act like a flexible chain
or mat while in earth working use. The fabric may also be a
textile material or a flexible metallic mesh or grating
member. However, rigid bar members of substantial length
carrying a plurality of teeth and connected by hinges or
links to adjacent bars or supports are not included. This
structure is classified in subclasses 619+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
519 for a rolling tool having a flexible material rim (e.g.,
rubber).
Subclass:
613
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a plurality of earth working elements or
portions of a plurality of earth working elements which are
movably related to each other while remaining in the
apparatus.
(1) Note. The distinction between an assemblage of parts
comprising one earth working element and an assemblage of
parts comprising a plurality of earth working elements is
often difficult to make. Generally when parts closely
cooperate and are mutually interconnected so as to be
supported from the same standard they may comprise a single
earth working element, but parts on separate standards even
though connected to a single frame and each performing a like
function may be separate earth working elements. Common usage
and the prior placement of the art must also be considered.
(2) Note. This definition includes relatively adjustable
tools of the type where there is provided a frame or support
having a plurality of holes or notches, etc., to mount a
plurality of tools in selective positions, the individual
tools necessarily having to be removed to be engaged in
another hole for adjustment purposes. For this simple-type
adjustment the tools are considered to remain in the
apparatus when being adjusted. However, apparatus of the type
in which the relative position of a plurality of tools is
changed by a substantial disassembly and assembly operation,
such as frame sections carrying tools being rearranged, is
excluded from this definition. See subclasses 245+.
(3) Note. A plurality of earth working elements individually
loosely mounted, or spring mounted, or merely themselves
being springs (such as spring teeth) come under this
definition since the elements will move relatively to each
other as the apparatus is drawn over the ground.
(4) Note. See the definition of "adjustable" in the class
definition. A plurality of earth working elements merely
clamped in position so that the position of each may be
changed by loosening the clamps and retightening are not
included under this definition (613). See search notes below
for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 48+ for plural driven tools.
subclasses 63+ for a device comprising a driven tool and a
nondriven tool.
subclasses 133+ for diverse tools.
subclasses 204+ for implements alternating for right or
left hand operation.
382 for multiple-level tools for operating at different
depths in the soil.
subclasses 488+ for tools carried on a wheeled frame having
a single actuator for lifting plural relatively movable
tools.
subclasses 518+ for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving
tools.
685 for plural relatively fixed tools.
Subclass:
614
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element mounting member pivoted
on a frame or support, at least one earth working element
mounted on the member and being pivoted with respect thereto
and means for pivoting the element incident to pivotal
movement of the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
684 for similar structure for single tools or for rigid tool
units.
Subclass:
615
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Apparatus in
which the earth working element mounting member and the means
for pivoting the earth working element comprise a pair of
spaced parallel bars both pivoted to the frame or support.
Subclass:
616
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Apparatus in
which the parallel bars are mounted to pivot about vertical
axes to allow the parallel bars to swing in a horizontal
plane.
Subclass:
617
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Apparatus in
which the parallel bars are also mounted to pivot about a
horizontal axis to allow the bars to pivot in a vertical
plane.
Subclass:
618
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements or tooth bars pivot about a
horizontal transverse axis to different working angles when
draft force is applied to the apparatus in opposite
directions and including means to limit the movement of the
elements or tooth bars to a particular angularity in both
directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
712 for an earth working element which assumes different
working angles when drawn in opposite directions.
subclasses 777+ for a narrow depending tool removably
attached to a scraper which assumes different angularity when
drawn in opposite directions.
Subclass:
619
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of groups of earth working elements
interconnected by means which permits one group to rise and
fall or pivot vertically as a unit with respect to another
group under the influence of the forces applied thereto
during operation, without intervention of an attendant.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those groups of earth
working elements which are interconnected one to the other by
means of loose or flexible linkage whereby as disclosed a
group may move vertically a slight amount on encountering an
obstacle or on traversing an uneven or undulating terrain.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
643 and 657+, for a plurality of single tools which are
individually mounted for vertical movement one relative to
the other during operation.
Subclass:
620
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of horizontal bars parallel to one
another and extending substantially transverse to the
direction of travel, the bars each carrying a plurality of
earth working teeth, the bars being so connected as to be
individually capable of vertical motion with respect to one
another during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 634+ for a plurality of horizontal parallel
tooth bars which are angularly adjustable about their
supporting axis, but which bars are so mounted on a frame or
interconnected one to the other as to be incapable of
independent vertical motion relative to each other.
Subclass:
621
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Apparatus in
which the tooth bars are resiliently mounted so that they may
independently or simultaneously pivot or yield against the
action of a biasing means.
Subclass:
622
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Apparatus in
which the angularity of the tooth bars may be changed to vary
the angle of the teeth in vertically longitudinal planes and
having actuating means to vary said angularity.
(1) Note. For the meaning of actuating see "actuator" in the
class definition.
(2) Note. The actuator may positively move the tooth bars in
only one direction with ground reaction force being relied
upon to move the bars in the opposite direction.
Subclass:
623
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus
including two transversely aligned laterally spaced earth
working element groups with each said group having
longitudinally aligned therewith a trailing group, all of
said groups being vertically movable relative to one
another.
Subclass:
624
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus in
which the groups are movably connected to a laterally
extending bar or draft beam located ahead of the groups.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
623 for groups of tools abreast and in tandem which may also
be connected to a forward transverse draft bar.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 411.1 for articulated vehicles
of the type including a leading vehicle and a plurality of
laterally spaced trailing vehicles.
Subclass:
624.5
With parallelogram-type linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Apparatus in
which the mechanism connecting the groups of the bar or draft
beam includes a plurality of vertically spaced links, each
pivoted at an end to the bar or draft beam and at its other
end to the tools, which links remain in parallel relationship
to each other as they move.
Subclass:
625
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Apparatus in
which the earth working element groups are provided with
draft or hitch means whereby they may be drawn alternately in
different directions spaced 90 deg. from one another.
Subclass:
626
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Apparatus in
which the bar or draft beam is composed of two or more
movably connected sections.
Subclass:
627
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Apparatus in
which the earth working element groups additionally have
means connecting one earth working element group to an
adjacent earth working element group.
Subclass:
628
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus
comprising a pair of laterally spaced transversely aligned
earth working element groups and a third earth working
element group longitudinally spaced from the first named
groups, the longitudinally center line of the third element
group extending in a line between the first two groups, all
the groups being substantially similarly shaped.
Subclass:
629
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus in
which there are at least three earth working element groups
so disposed laterally one of the other that during operation
each group traverses a longitudinal path which is
transversely spaced from the path of the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
623 for groups of tools abreast and in tandem which may have
three or more laterally spaced groups.
subclasses 624+ for two or more groups of tools connected
to a forward transverse draft bar.
Subclass:
630
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus in
which the earth working element groups are mounted for
pivotal movement on opposite sides of a longitudinal rod or
beam which serves as a draft beam.
Subclass:
631
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus
comprising adjacent earth working element groups relatively
pivotable about the same axis which extends substantially in
or parallel to the line of draft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
623 for groups of tools abreast and in tandem which may also
be movable about a common longitudinal axis.
627 for groups of tools connected to each other for relative
vertical movement which movement may be about a common
longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
632
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus in
which the earth working element groups are connected to a
draft member or to each other so they have relative movement
about a horizontal axis which is at an angle to the line of
draft.
Subclass:
633
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Apparatus
comprising a forward and a rearward group of earth working
elements said groups being relatively movable about a
horizontal axis disposed transversely of the apparatus
intermediate the groups in forward and rearward position of
the groups.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
623 for groups of tools abreast and in tandem which may
permit the tandem groups to pivot about an intermediate
transverse axis.
Subclass:
634
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which a plurality of parallel bars, each bar carrying a
plurality of earth working elements, are pivotally mounted,
the bars being selectively rotatable from one angular
position of adjustment to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390 for apparatus having a plurality of spring tools carried
by parallel pivoted tooth bars and also having a wheel
substitute such as a runner.
subclasses 620+ for parallel transverse tooth bars which
are relatively movable to each other during operation and
which tooth bars may also be pivotally adjustable.
Subclass:
635
This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Apparatus
including an actuator for pivoting one or more of the bars.
(1) Note. See the class definition for the definition of
"actuator".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390 for apparatus having a plurality of spring tools carried
by parallel pivoted tooth bars and also having a wheel
substitute such as a runner, said bars usually having an
actuator to pivot said bars.
622 for similar structures in which the tooth bars are each
free to move vertically with respect to the others.
Subclass:
636
This subclass is indented under subclass 635. Apparatus in
which the individual earth working elements are also
adjustable about upright axes or axes which extend in the
direction of travel.
Subclass:
637
This subclass is indented under subclass 635. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of separate actuators for
independently pivoting different bars.
Subclass:
638
This subclass is indented under subclass 635. Apparatus in
which the actuator comprises gearing.
Subclass:
639
This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Apparatus in
which the structural features or details of the bar mounting
or journaling means are specifically set forth in the
claims.
Subclass:
640
Apparatus under subclas 613 in which at least one earth
working element group is pivotally mounted on and selectively
adjustable as a unit about a horizontal axis to thereby
adjust the position of the earth working element group with
respect to another earth working element or earth working
element group.
(1) Note. See class definition meaning of "adjustable".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 459+ for tools lifted on a wheeled frame which
are pivotal about a longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
641
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which a pair of longitudinally extending earth working
element supporting beams are provided with a lateral
adjustable means comprising a yoke lying in a transverse
vertical plane and in which the yoke comprises a pair of arms
pivoted to each other at one end and having the other ends
thereof interconnected to the element beams, the arms being
adjustable relative to each other about the pivot to thereby
spread the beams in a traverse direction relative to each
other.
(1) Note. For meaning of "adjustable", see the class
definition.
Subclass:
642
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which the earth engaging elements of a pair are nonidentical
or positioned in a nonidentical way so as to function in a
right and left handed manner in working the earth rather than
in an identical manner, the elements being arranged to
operate on opposite sides of a crop row for the purpose of
simultaneously moving soil onto or away from said row.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 71+ and 73, for pairs of nondriven earth working elements
which cooperate on opposite sides of a plant row in a right
and left hand manner and which are disposed forwardly of or
to the rear of a driven earth working element.
159 for laterally spaced right and left hand elements with
an intermediate symmetrical element.
686 for plural elements of the right and left hand type.
Subclass:
643
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which the earth working element or the immediate supporting
means therefor is formed of resilient material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 389+ for spring-tooth implements with wheel
substitutes.
624 for a spring-formed standard mounted on a rotating
carrier.
627 for spring teeth mounted on a rotating carrier.
subclasses 634+ for parallel, pivotally adjusted tooth bars
which may have spring-formed elements mounted thereon.
subclasses 707+ for single-spring earth working elements.
Subclass:
644
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which a plurality of earth working elements is mounted on a
frame for relative movement toward and away from each other
in the direction of draft whereby in a single manipulation
such elements may be moved from a fore-and-aft spaced
position to a position in which all of said elements are in
transverse alignment.
Subclass:
645
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus
comprising earth working elements mounted on a support or
frame which are capable of being adjustable relative to each
other in a horizontal sense, without simultaneously
disturbing their position in a vertical sense relative to
said support or frame.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. There may be a positive means provided for
precluding relative vertical movement of the elements while
they are moved horizontally or the elements may simpy be so
mounted that they can be relatively moved horizontally
without simultaneously causing veritcal displacement of said
elements. For example, this definition would include those
devices in which loosening of an element securing means
permits both a relative vertical and horizontal displacement,
since an operator could manually preclude vertical
displacement of said elements while moving the same
horizontally, relative one to the other. Also, this
definition includes tools which are removed from one position
and remounted in a horizontally spaced position so long as
the tool in its new position can retain the same relative
vertical position. (Also see (2) Note under subclass 613).
Subclass:
646
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are adjustable in a lateral
direction and each earth working element is capable of free
vertical movement independently of the other.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. Movement against a spring- biasing means is
considered to be free movement under this definition.
However, selective adjustment from one fixed position to
another is not considered to be free movement.
Subclass:
647
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of earth working elements each being
adjustable about spaced vertical axes which coincide with the
vertical axes of the earth working elements or element
standards, said elements being interconnected so as to
partake of concurrent movement about said axes when
adjusted.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for alternating right or left hand tools which are
simultaneously shifted about individual vertical axes.
576 for disk earth working elements which are simultaneously
shifted about individual axes.
subclasses 614+ for tools which are simultaneously adjusted
about their individual vertical axes as the axes are moved
laterally.
Subclass:
648
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements or element-supporting bars
are pivotally joined together to form a diamond shape,
opposite apices of said diamond being capable of movement
toward or away from each other.
Subclass:
649
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Apparatus in
which groups of earth working elements are relatively
adjustable as units in a horizontal sense without disturbing
their position in a vertical sense.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
650
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Apparatus in
which there is a group of earth working elements adjustable
in a vertical sense, said adjustment being capable of
occurring at a time different than the horizontal movement of
this or some other group.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
651
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Apparatus in
which the relatively movable earth working element groups are
adjustably connected one to the other or a group is
adjustably connected to a supporting frame by vertically
extending pivot means whereby such group may be rotated about
said pivot means.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustably" see "adjustable"
in class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
647 for a plurality of earth working elements simultaneously
pivoted about individual vertical axes.
Subclass:
652
This subclass is indented under subclass 651. Apparatus in
which the two groups of elements are disposed in converging
relation to form a substantially V-shaped implement when
viewed in plan.
(1) Note. The adjustment may include moving the groups from
a forwardly converging relation to a rearwardly converging
relation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for groups of tools which are rearranged by disassembly
and reassembly.
648 for groups of earth working elements arranged to form a
diamond in which two of the opposite apices of the diamond
are movable toward and away from each other.
Subclass:
653
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Apparatus in
which the groups of earth working elements are so disposed as
to form two V-shaped implements in plan view with the vertex
of each V pointing in generally the same direction and the
vertex of one V lying between the arms of the other V.
Subclass:
654
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are mounted on opposite
sides of a central longitudinal beam for lateral adjustment
with respect thereto.
(1) Note. The central beam must extend substantially between
the earth working portion of the earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 649+ for tool groups which may be adjustable
relative to a main central beam.
subclasses 741+ for a single earth working element which is
laterally adjustable.
Subclass:
655
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is capable of both vertical
and lateral adjustment with respect to the element-
supporting frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 476+ for a tool mounted on a wheeled frame said
tool having an actuator for vertical adjustment and which
tool is also laterally adjustable.
650 for tool groups which are adjustable horizontally and
vertically.
Subclass:
656
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements can be selectively laterally
adjustable with respect to each other.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
642 for pairs of earth working elements which are laterally
adjustable.
subclasses 649+ for groups of tools which are laterally
adjustable.
654 for earth working elements which are laterally
adjustable with respect to a main central beam.
655 for earth working elements which are adjustable
vertically and laterally.
subclasses 741+ for a single earth working element
laterally adjustable.
Subclass:
657
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are capable of independent
movement relative to each other as a result of the operation
thereof in the soil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
612 for fabric or flexible earth working elements such as
drags including an earth working element having spaced
individual or small groups of teeth where each tooth or small
group of teeth may move vertically with respect to each other
tooth or group during operation.
subclasses 619+ for groups of tools which are relatively
movable during operation.
643 for implements having spring-formed tools or standards
which tools because of their resiliency are relatively
movable during operation.
644 for tools which are longitudinally adjustable to and
from transverse alignment and which may also be relatively
movable during operation.
646 for tools which are laterally adjustable and
independently free to move vertically.
Subclass:
658
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements during operation are each
capable of vertical displacement independently of the other
and means is provided for so joining the earth working
elements one to the other that independent lateral
displacement of said elements is precluded.
Subclass:
659
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which the plural earth working elements are separately
mounted for pivotal movement from one position of adjustment
to another about independent-spaced horizontally disposed
axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
739 for a single earth working element adjustable about a
horizontal transverse axis.
Subclass:
660
This subclass is indented under subclass 659. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are so interconnected one to
the other that pivotal adjustment of one element will cause a
simultaneous adjustment of the others.
Subclass:
661
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which the plural earth working elements are mounted on a
frame or support means and at least one of said elements is
individually selectively translatable from one vertical
position to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
650 for groups of tools which are horizontally and
vertically adjustable.
655 for tools adjustable vertically and laterally.
744 for a single earth working element vertically
adjustable.
Subclass:
662
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are mounted on a supporting
frame and one or more of said elements are so related thereto
as to be capable of movement from an earth working position
to a rest position, for example, to change the spacing
between adjacent elements or to enable transport of the frame
over the earth.
(1) Note. Since almost any vertical adjustment may be
continued far enough to result in a movement to transport
position this definition is limited to those devices in which
some means is shown for adjusting or holding the element in
transport position other than a mere vertical-adjusting means
such as is intended to adjust the vertical working position
of the tool in the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 204+ for an apparatus comprising elements
alternating for right or left hand operation.
Subclass:
663
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an actuator for adjusting some part of
the apparatus.
(1) Note. See the class definition for the definition of
"actuator".
(2) Note. A latch or lock operator which does not adjust
some part of the apparatus is not included under this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for power actuators which are automatically
controlled.
subclasses 224+ for actuators for implements rotatable
about a longitudinal axis for right or left hand operation.
263 for an actuator which is released when an earth working
element shifts due to an overload.
subclasses 278+ for an actuator for changing the horizontal
angle of the axis of rotation of a wheel.
subclasses 293+ for power-actuating means for sequentially
operating a plurality of like implement parts.
subclasses 297+ for an actuator to adjust an implement
mounted forward of the rear of a self-propelled vehicle.
subclasses 315+ for an actuator on an implement which is
controlled from a propelling vehicle.
subclasses 317+ for an actuator on a vehicle for relatively
moving parts of a trailing implement.
321 for an actuator on a vehicle for moving a wheeled
implement.
322 for an actuator for rocking an implement about a wheel
axis.
subclasses 324+ for an actuator for moving a draft member
laterally or vertically on a wheeled frame.
subclasses 395+ for an actuator for vertically adjusting a
wheel relative to a frame.
subclasses 439+ for mast-type hitches (e.g., 3 point hitch)
with actuating means to adjust the hitch.
subclasses 452+ for an actuator for raising and lowering an
implement on a wheeled frame and being capable of lifting the
implement out of ground contact for transport.
subclasses 613+ an actuator for changing the position of a
plurality of relatively movable tools.
subclasses 781+ for an actuator for moving a scraper
mounted between the front and rear ground supports of a
vehicle.
subclasses 810+ for an actuator to move an implement
mounted ahead of a motor vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclasses 208+ for means for adjusting the
position of a harvester platform relative to the ground.
60, Power Plants, subclasses 325+ for hydraulic servomotors
operated by a pump.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 44 for
unearthing devices with a power means to shift a part.
Subclass:
664
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element having a plurality of
earth-engaging portions movable relative to one another and
an actuator for relatively moving the portions.
(1) Note. The plurality of earth-engaging portions may be
different soil-working portions or may include a runner or
depth gauge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 613+ for plural, relatively adustable distinct
tools.
subclasses 714+ for plural tool or earth engaging parts
relatively movable during operation.
subclasses 736+ for relatively adjustable tool or earth
engaging parts.
subclasses 811+ for an actuator for relatively adjustable
earth-engaging parts of an elongated blade mounted ahead of a
motor vehicle.
Subclass:
665
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Apparatus
wherein the relatively movable parts comprises an earth
working portion and a member adapted to slide on the ground
to act as a runner or depth gauge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 240+ for apparatus having a wheel or runner
engageable with the ground for transport only.
subclasses 387+ for implements provided with runners spaced
from the tools and see the definition and Notes thereof for
the line.
729 for symmetrical tools having a relatively adjustable
runner or gauge.
738 for tools having a relatively adjustable runner or
gauge.
764 for tools having a runner or depth gauge separate from
the standard.
Subclass:
666
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Apparatus
comprising an actuator for positioning an implement about an
axis which is substantially horizontal and extends in the
direction of travel.
(1) Note. For meaning of "actuator" see class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for actuating means for rotating right and left hand
implements about a longitudinal axis.
subclasses 459+ for implements liftable for transport on a
wheeled frame and being pivoted about a longitudinal axis.
673 for laterally adjustable tools mounted on a wheeled
frame.
Subclass:
667
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Apparatus
comprising an actuator for positioning an implement
transversely with respect to the line of travel.
(1) Note. For meaning of "actuator" see class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for implements located forward of the rear of a
self-propelled vehicle and having an actuator for lateral
adjustment.
subclasses 324+ for actuating means for moving a draft
member laterally or vertically or a trailing wheeled
implement.
subclasses 476+ for implements liftable for transport on a
wheeled frame and also laterally adjustable.
507 for an actuator for laterally moving a ground support
(e.g., wheel) relative to an implement frame.
673 for laterally adjustable tools mounted on a wheeled
frame.
741 for laterally adjustable tools not having an actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 47 for an
actuator for laterally shifting an unearthing unit on its
support.
Subclass:
668
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Apparatus
comprising a wheel carrying frame, an implement connected
thereto and an actuator for vertically positioning the
implement or some part rigid therewith with respect to the
wheeled frame.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
452 for similar devices in which the actuator is also
capable of lifting the implement entirely off the ground for
transport on the wheeled frame.
675 for vertically adjustable tools mounted on a wheeled
frame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 141 for
an actuator for lifting or tilting an unearthing apparatus.
Subclass:
669
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an implement with a ground wheel or
supported on a vehicle other than by a mere articulated hitch
so that the vehicle carries a substantial portion of the
weight of the implement rather than merely serving to pull it
over the ground.
(1) Note. Where the disclosure shows a framework having a
wheel or wheels and an earth working element attached to the
framework so that it can be supported thereby in nonearth
working position the claim is classifiable under this
definition if it recites the framework even if it does not
call for the wheel.
(2) Note. The support of the implement contemplated in the
second part of the definition must be such that the implement
would be held in substantially working position by the
vehicle even if the ground did not support the implement or
can be held off the ground by the vehicle.
(3) Note. Where a wheel is not carried on a wheel frame (as
a tractor) but is merely supported directly on the implement
(as a gauge wheel on a plow beam) then the wheel must be
claimed for the patent to be classifiable under this
definition.
(4) Note. The wheel under the first portion of this
definition must be capable of carrying a portion of the
vertical load of the implement. Wheels or rollers rotatable
on a vertical or substantially vertical axis and acting as a
rotary landside are excluded. See subclass 715 for such
devices.
(5) Note. The "vehicle" in this definition may be a broadly
claimed implement supporting another implement. See (4) Note
in subclass 133. The implements must be disclosed as related
in a manner appropriate for a vehicle-carried implement. A
disclosure of a specifically claimed implement supported on a
shank of a broadly claimed implement would be classifiable in
subclasses 681+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for a lawn edger with a wheel.
subclasses 35+ for apparatus comprising a driven tool
mounted on a wheeled frame.
90 for an implement comprising an irregular ground-engaging
wheel for giving a tool a cyclical motion.
subclasses 126+ for an earth marker carried on a broadly
claimed implement.
subclasses 204+ for alternating tools carried on vehicles.
subclasses 240+ for an implement with a ground support
engageable with the ground for transport only.
255 for a vehicle mounting a tool which is lifted off or
lowered into the ground on turning.
subclasses 256+ for a propulsion unit guided by a walking
attendant or part of an articulated vehicle.
subclasses 272+ for means for facilitating mounting of an
implement on a motor vehicle.
subclasses 278+ for an implement with wheel steering or
actuator for horizontally angling a wheel axis.
subclasses 297+ for a tool mounted forward of the rear of a
motor vehicle.
321 for an actuator on a vehicle for moving a wheeled
implement.
subclasses 322+ for an actuator for rocking a tool about a
wheel axis.
324 for an implement comprising an actuator on a wheeled
frame for moving hitch means laterally or vertically.
subclasses 332+ for an implement mounted on a wheeled frame
and manipulated and held in position by an attendant.
subclasses 354+ for an implement with a wheel guided or
propelled by a walking attendant.
subclasses 383+ for an implement with a wheel having an
axis of rotation which is lockable or angularly adjustable.
subclasses 387+ for an implement with a wheel substitute.
subclasses 395+ for an implement with a ground support
vertically adjustable relative to the frame.
subclasses 452+ for an apparatus comprising an actuator
adapted to lift an implement for transport on a wheeled frame
or broadly claimed implement.
507 for an implement with a ground support movable
horizontally.
subclasses 518+ for a rolling tool, especially subclass 578
for an apparatus comprising a rolling tool and a wheel (not
on a motor vehicle).
780 and 781+, for a scraper mounted between the front and
rear wheels of a vehicle.
subclasses 810+ for a tool mounted ahead of a vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for
guiding a vehicle along the furrow.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 140 for
an unearthing unit provided with a gauge runner or wheel,
subclass 143 for wheeled chassis.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for wheeled
vehicles, and subclass 80.1 for a wheeled vehicle with
special reference to that portion of the vehicle which is
directly concerned in enabling it to be moved along the
surface.
492, Roll or Roller, subclasses 9+ for a roll, per se, not
elsewhere provided for, having measuring, testing, or
indicating means.
Subclass:
670
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Apparatus
having one or more wheels and one or more earth working
elements, all of the wheels being positioned on the same side
of all of the earth working elements transversely of the line
of draft.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass the disclosure
must show the defined arrangement. A patent disclosing wheels
on both sides of an earth working element does not come under
the definition even if only one wheel is claimed.
Subclass:
671
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Apparatus in
which the frame is disclosed as comprising a single
longitudinal beam, an earth working element connected to the
beam and at least one wheel connected thereto and traveling
in the same path as the earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 310+ for plural wheeled implements, which may
comprise plural beams each with its own wheel.
676 for a tool and wheel following the same path.
Subclass:
672
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Apparatus
wherein the wheel or wheels are secured directly to an
earth-engaging portion of the earth working element.
Subclass:
673
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Apparatus
wherein the earth working implement is selectively
transversely adjustable with relation to the wheel frame.
(1) Note. For meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 476+ for laterally adjustable tools on a wheeled
frame which have an actuator for lifting the tools.
666 and 667, for laterally adjustable tools on a wheeled
frame provided with an actuator for effecting the
adjustment.
Subclass:
674
This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Apparatus
wherein the frame is provided with bracket means for
supporting the earth working implement in nonearth working
position.
(1) Note. See subclass 344 for arched wheeled-frame
cultivators provided with an implement support bracket for
transport.
Subclass:
675
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element is selectively vertically
adjustable with relation to the wheeled frame.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 452+ for tools vertically movable to transport
position on a wheeled frame provided with an actuator for
raising and lowering the tools.
668 for vertically adjustable tools on a wheeled frame
provided with an actuator for effecting such adjustment.
Subclass:
676
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Apparatus
wherein an earth working element follows in the wheel path,
and is adapted to work the ground disturbed or compacted by
the wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for arched wheel-frame implements provided with brackets
for holding the tools in nonuse position.
Subclass:
677
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising some detail of the means for hitching an
implement to a separate propelling means, or to another
implement, the hitch being of the type premitting some
freedom of movement between the propelling means and the
apparatus while the apparatus is being moved over the earth
to perform its earthworking function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for draft responsive automatic power
control.
subclasses 76+ for an implement with a driven tool and
ground support hitched to a vehicle by an articulated
connection.
subclasses 204+ for implements alternating for right or
left hand operation and having various hitch details.
238 for a ground support moved vertically relative to a
frame by draft force.
239 for an implement with draft, pitch, or ground-level
responsive depth control.
248 for apparatus convertible or changeable to different
types of hitch.
257 for a propulsion unit which is part of an articulated
vehicle.
subclasses 261+ for hitches involving overload shifting.
subclasses 272+ for means to facilitate mounting an
implement on a vehicle.
subclasses 282+ for a trailing implement with a wheel
responding to turning movement of a propelling means.
subclasses 315+ for an actuator on a trailing implement
controlled from a propelling vehicle.
subclasses 317+ for an actuator on a vehicle for relatively
moving parts of a trailing implement.
321 for an actuator on a vehicle for moving a wheeled
implement.
subclasses 324+ for an actuator on a trailing ground-
supported frame for moving the draft means laterally or
vertically.
332 for implements manipulated with respect to a mounting
frame, the frame usually trailing behind a propelling animal
or a tractor.
subclasses 351+ for an implement guided by a walking
attendant and having a hitch.
subclasses 439+ for a mash-type hitch.
subclasses 452+ for a hitch comprising an actuator adapted
to lift a tool for transport on a wheeled frame or broadly
claimed implement.
588 for horizontally, angularly adjustable groups of disks
with a hitch longitudinally movable on a tongue.
605 for an apparatus comprising a shiftable hitch moving a
tool relative to a frame.
618 for implements which assume different angularity for
opposite draft.
subclasses 624+ for plural tool groups movably connected to
a forward transverse draft bar.
630 for tool groups pivoted to opposite sides of a
longitudinally draft bar.
subclasses 810+ for a tool hitched ahead of a motor
vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances, appropriate
subclasses, for that portion of a vehicle or broadly claimed
earth working implement by means of which the pull of draft
animals is utilized to move the apparatus over the ground.
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 400+ for hitches between
articulated vehicles.
Subclass:
678
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Apparatus
including resilient means which is yieldable during operation
in response to movement of the implement with respect to the
hitching means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
239 for hitching means comprising complex linkages having
springs to provide draft, pitch, or ground-level responsive
depth control.
subclasses 264+ for implements which may shift upon
overload and provided with a spring return.
subclasses 705+ for spring-biased tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 483+ for articulated
vehicles wherein the connection therebetween is resiliently
biased in at least one direction.
Subclass:
679
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Apparatus
wherein the means for hitching the implement to the
propelling means is adjustable with respect to either the
implement or the propelling means.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
680
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Apparatus
wherein the means for hitching the implement to the
propelling means is adjustable in a vertical sense.
(1) Note. For meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
396 for a vertically adjustable or selectively lockable
hitch combined with a vertically adjustable ground support.
Subclass:
681
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising earth working elements, standards (i.e.,
a generally vertically extending member to which the earth
working element is connected and which is in turn connected
to a frame or beam member), or miscellaneous joints and
connections between parts of an earth working apparatus not
otherwise provided for.
(1) Note. Patents included herein may disclose and/or claim
a tool, standard, or connection, "per se," or that combined
with a frame.
(2) Note. Patents which are limited by disclosure or claims
to a hand held tool of the type classifiable in subclasses
371+ are classified there even if only the earth working
portion of the tool is claimed.
(3) Note. Frames, per se, for earth working elements which
may include a plurality of joints, are not included. See
subclass 776 for such apparatus.
(4) Note. Included under this definition are (1) a joint
between earth working portions, (2) a joint between a
non-earth working portion and an earth working portion if the
claim includes some detail of significance in the earth
working function (such as the shape of the earth contacting
part), (3) plural joints between portions of an earth working
apparatus and (4) a joint of special utility in earthworking
such as a spring-biased joint. A joint between nonearth
working portions and a joint between a nonearth working
portion and an earth working portion identified as such by
name only except for the parts related to the joint are
classified in the appropriate class devoted to joints of
general utility. See especially Class 403, Joints and
Connections, subclasses 58+ for the joint between a standard
and a beam and the joint between a standard and an earth
working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 35+ for driven tools.
subclasses 133+ for diverse tools.
subclasses 261+ for an apparatus permitting shifting of a
part on occurrence of an overload.
subclasses 272+ for means to facilitate the mounting of an
implement on a motor vehicle.
subclasses 371+ for hand tools.
382 for multiple level tools.
subclasses 518+ for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving
tools.
766 for miscellaneous nonwheeled frames for earth working
elements in which the earth working elements are not claimed
and including those in which a joint or connection between
parts thereof is specifically claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 327+ for
an earth-boring bit or bit element.
Subclass:
682
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which the working surface of an earth working element is
selectively distorted or warped to vary the shape of the
element.
Subclass:
683
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element held in earth working
position by a detent means readily operated by an attendant
so that after release of the detent the earth working element
assumes a position offering less resistance to a draft force
propelling it over the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 261+ for implements which are latched in
position, the latch being released upon overload to permit
the implement to shift.
481 for tools adapted to be lifted for transport on a
wheeled frame by an actuator which has a latch means separate
from the actuator for holding the tool in position relative
to the frame.
494 for a tool and an actuator for lifting it for transport,
the tool being held in position by a toggle.
subclasses 529+ for intermittently rolling implements with
latch means to stop the rotation.
Subclass:
684
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising a movable implement mounting member, an earth
working element mounted thereon and being pivoted with
respect thereto and means for pivoting the element incident
to the movement of the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for a plurality of reversible implements pivoted about
vertical axes upon a movable member, the implements being
pivoted about their axes upon movement of the member.
subclasses 439+ for mast-type hitches.
subclasses 614+ for a plurality of tools which pivot upon a
movable member when the member is moved.
Subclass:
684.5
Frame-supported blade, scraper, or smoother drawn by
vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
having at least one earth working element mounted on a frame
which is wholly or partly supported either on skids, a part
of the frame, or by the element itself, and which is adapted
to be dragged behind a towing vehicle, and wherein the
element has either (a) a substantially vertical working
surface adapted to strike off or level the earth, or (b) a
substantial area adapted to contact the earth in a horizontal
direction to compact or smooth the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4.5 for a scraper which is automatically power-controlled
for leveling.
26.5 for a dragline scraper.
72 for a driven tool followed by a leveling drag or furrow
shaper.
189 and 612, for flexible implements including flexible
matlike drags.
197 and 199+, for diverse tools, one of which comprises a
drag or smoother.
777 for a scraper supporting a narrow depending tool. 779,
for a scraper whose position is controlled by a linkage for
leveling.
780 and 781+, for a scraper between front and rear vehicle
supports.
799.5 for a towed scraper on a wheel-supported frame.
subclasses 810+ for a scraper ahead of a motor vehicle.
Subclass:
685
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising a plurality of spaced earth working elements.
(1) Note. A device comprising earth working elements all
attached to an earth working portion is considered a unitary
earth working means and does not come under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 133+ for a plurality of tools of different
types.
subclasses 310+ for plural wheeled implements.
subclasses 378+ for hand tools having plural prongs or
teeth.
subclasses 518+ for plural rolling tools and especially
subclasses 574+ for plural disks with individual mounts.
subclasses 613+ for plural relatively movable tools.
subclasses 786+ for plural scrapers, at least one of which
is between the front and rear ground supports of a vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclasses 84+
for diggers comprising a plurality of spaced digging
elements.
Subclass:
686
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus in
which the earth-engaging elements of a pair are nonidentical
or positioned in a nonidentical way so as to function in a
right and left handed manner in working the earth rather than
in an identical manner, i.e., the elements are so constructed
and located as to be mirror images of each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 for right and left hand tools with an intermediate
symmetrical tool.
subclasses 204+ for alternately usable right and left
hand-type tools.
642 for right and left hand tools which are adjustable with
respect to each other.
Subclass:
687
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus
having a plurality of rows of earth working elements (at
least three elements to the row) extending transversely of
the line of travel and traveling generally one behind the
other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
379 for hand tools having plural rows of prongs or teeth.
Subclass:
688
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Apparatus in
which the elements of one row are disposed to travel in the
space not traversed by the elements in an adjacent row.
Subclass:
689
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are mounted at spaced
intervals around a frame forming in plan view a geometric
figure having a closed perimeter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
648 for a diamond-shaped frame having tools carried by each
of the sides thereof, the opposite apices of the diamond
being adjustable toward and away from one another.
Subclass:
690
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are mounted on two elongated
members that are connected at one end and divergent or
convergent in a horizontal plane in the direction of the line
of travel.
Subclass:
691
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus in
which the earth working elements are mounted on a horizontal
beam the general extent of which is in a direction
substantially 90 deg. to the direction of travel or in a
direction that is angular to the direction of travel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 777+ for narrow tools which depend from a
scraper and are removably attached thereto.
Subclass:
692
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Apparatus
having means to selectively adjust the beam on the frame at
various angles to the direction of the line of travel.
Subclass:
693
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Apparatus in
which the general extent of the beam is in a direction that
is at an angle to the direction of travel other than 90
deg..
Subclass:
694
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus
having earth working elements which are mounted so as to be
spaced with respect to each other in a direction laterally of
the line of travel so as to travel in different paths.
Subclass:
695
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Apparatus
wherein three or more earth working elements are aligned in a
direction at an angle other than 90 deg. with respect to the
line of travel.
Subclass:
696
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Apparatus in
which the frame comprises a longitudinally extending beam and
at least one element is mounted on each side thereof.
Subclass:
697
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Apparatus
consisting of two or more elements aligned in a direction
substantially 90 deg. to the line of travel.
Subclass:
698
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element supported at laterally
spaced points so as to resemble a U in front elevation.
(1) Note. The elements may extend laterally beyond the
standards and the number of standards may exceed two.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 19+ for sod cutters which may have an earth
working element supported at laterally spaced points so as to
resemble a U in front elevation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 302 and 303 for stump and
stone-type excavators which may be in the form of a U in
front elevation for undercutting a stump or stone to
facilitate removal thereof.
Subclass:
699
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element specifically disclosed as
working deep in the soil and having such a configuration that
it merely lifts the soil and does not shift it laterally of
the line of draft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 19+ for sod cutters having a horizontal blade
for cutting below the surface of the soil.
196 for subsoilers combined with a diverse-type tool,
usually a moldboard plow.
720 for subsurface blades for cutting below the surface of
the soil without displacing the soil laterally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 370 for mole plows for forming a
defined opening or passage below the surface of the soil,
e.g., for drainage.
111, Planting, subclass 123 for a chisel type furrow opener
claimed in combination with liquid or gas soil treatment; and
subclass 156 for a chisel opener claimed in combination with
a planting machine.
Subclass:
700
This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Apparatus
wherein a subsoil earth working element is secured to the
lower end of a standard to work the earth below the surface,
and a separate earth working element is attached to the same
standard and spaced vertically above the subsoil earth
working element to work the earth adjacent the surface of the
ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for a plurality of distinct, different-type tools
mounted on separate standards one of which is a subsoiler.
Subclass:
701
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which a single earth working element is adapted to move soil
transversely from opposite directions to form a hill or
ridge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176 for a furrowing or ridging implement followed by a
furrow or ridge roller.
686 for separate tools of the right and left hand type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, appropriate subclasses for ridgers combined
with planting means.
Subclass:
701.1
Tool is transversely elongated blade (e.g., bulldozer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element has a vertical, generally
planar earth working portion extended in its dimension
transverse to the direction of travel of a vehicle propelling
the element, the magnitude of the extension being at least on
the order of the width of the vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 781+ for the combination of a blade and a
mounting for positioning the blade between the front and rear
ground supports of a vehicle.
subclasses 811+ for the combination of a blade and a
mounting for positioning the blade ahead of a vehicle.
Subclass:
701.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 701.1. Having
removable corner bit: Apparatus which includes a separable
cutting element at a lower corner of the blade.
Subclass:
701.3
Having removable cutting edge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 701.1. Apparatus
which includes a separable element adapted to be attached to
the lower extended edge of the blade.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 450 for a removable cutting edge on
an excavator of the type found in Class 37 (see this class
(172), class definition, "SEARCH CLASS" 37 for a brief
description of the lines).
Subclass:
702
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which some part of the apparatus may have its position
changed through 180 deg. usually for the purpose of
presenting a new wearing portion or edge or for adjusting the
position of some part.
(1) Note. Apparatus having a part which may be adjusted to a
plurality of positions two of which may be 180 deg. apart are
not included under this definition.
(2) Note. The change may be made either by adjustment or by
removal and replacement of the same part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for an apparatus changeable by disassembly or assembly
in which a tool is rearranged, the rearrangement of the tool
being accomplished by a means other than or more than a
reversible tool or part thereof, a reversible standard or a
reversible part between a tool and standard or standard and
beam.
577 for gangs of disks which are adapted to be reversed to
throw the earth either to the right or to the left.
735 for an earth working element adjustable through an angle
of other than 180 deg. or through a multiplicity of angles to
present a distinct earth working portion to the soil.
Subclass:
703
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Apparatus in
which the part whose position is changed through 180 deg.
directly contacts the earth.
(1) Note. A standard, beam, or other frame part which mounts
the tool is not considered an earth contacting part under
this definition, but a separate runner or landside is
considered to be a part which directly contacts the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for apparatus adapted to be completely inverted to
provide an earth working function in both positions.
136 for diverse earth working elements which are usable
alternately only.
241 for apparatus which is inverted to engage a transport
wheel or runner with the ground.
735 for a tool or tool part which is adjusted through an
angle of other than 180 deg. to present a different cutting
edge or working surface to the earth.
Subclass:
704
This subclass is indented under subclass 703. Apparatus in
which the part whose position is changed through 180 deg.
comprises less than all of that part of the apparatus which
directly contacts the earth.
(1) Note. A separate runner or landside is considered to be
an earth working element part, but a standard, beam, or other
frame part which mounts the tool is not.
Subclass:
705
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which at least a portion of the earth working element is
capable of movement under operating conditions and is
resilient or separate resilient means is provided to resist
said movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for driven implements yieldably mounted on a chassis or
frame.
subclasses 261+ for implements which shift against a spring
return device upon overload and see the definition and Notes
of subclass 261 for the line.
subclasses 335+ and 363, for spring-biased hand-guided or
propelled implements.
462 for a plurality of tools which are individually
spring-biased downwardly during operation and having an
actuator for lifting the tools simultaneously for transport
on a wheeled frame.
subclasses 497+ for tools liftable for transport on a
wheeled frame and being spring biased during operation.
515 for spring-biased or spring-form weed turners.
544 for a spring-mounted tooth on a rotating carrier.
621 for plural spring-biased tooth bars.
678 for spring-biased draft means.
794 for a scraper mounted between the front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle which is spring biased into ground
contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 400 for a spring- formed or biased
rake tooth.
111, Planting, subclass 151 for a trip mechanism used on and
claimed in combination with a planting machine.
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses for springs of
general utility.
Subclass:
706
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Apparatus in
which the earth working element includes a plurality of
distinct earth-engaging portions movable relative to one
another during operation and resilient means resisting said
relative movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 707+ for tools which are entirely of spring form
or are mounted upon a spring standard or support.
subclasses 714+ for tools having plural earth-engaging
parts relatively movable during operation.
Subclass:
707
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Apparatus in
which the earth working element or the immediate supporting
means for an earth working element are formed of resilient
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for diverse tools one of which is a spring tooth or
standard.
624 for a spring-formed tool standard mounted on a rotating
carrier.
627 for spring teeth mounted on a rotating carrier.
643 for plural spring-formed teeth or standards.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclass 155 for a resilient tooth or
similar-type opener claimed in combination with a planting
machine.
Subclass:
708
This subclass is indented under subclass 707. Apparatus in
which (1) a rigid earth working element is separately
attached to a spring standard or (2) a spring standard is
modified so as to provide a rigid earth working portion
thereon.
Subclass:
709
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element is capable of movement
transversely of the direction of travel and resilient means
to resist said movement.
Subclass:
710
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Apparatus
comprising an earthworking element mounted to swing about a
horizontal transverse axis, the element or its shank or
standard having a rigid portion extended from said pivot in a
direction different from the element and biasing means acting
on said extended portion.
Subclass:
711
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Apparatus in
which the resilient means comprises a single or superposed
plate(s) or bar(s) adapted to yield through a bending action
or a member which is stressed by an axial twist.
Subclass:
712
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which the earth working element pivots to a different working
position relative to the ground when the element is moved in
opposite directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26.6 for a dragline scraper which has a part which is
rearranged on reverse movement.
618 for plural relatively movable implements which assume
different working positions when moved in opposite
directions.
subclasses 777+ for a tool suspending from a scraper, the
tool assuming a different position for opposite draft.
Subclass:
713
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising a generally elongated earth working element having
an earth working portion and a standard to support it in
earth working position in which the earth working portion is
no longer in lateral or longitudinal extent than the
standard.
(1) Note. A disclosure of an enlarged lateral or
longitudinal portion is enough to disqualify a patent for
classification under this definition regardless of the
claimed subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for laterally spaced like tools and an intermediate
diverse tool at least one of which comprises a spike tooth.
173 for a smooth surface earth roller combined with earth
working teeth.
198 for diverse tools following the same path, one of which
comprises teeth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 400 for a horse rake tooth.
111, Planting, subclass 154 for a tooth- or tine-type furrow
opener claimed in combination with a planting machine.
Subclass:
714
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which the implement has a plurality of earth-engaging
portions which may move relative to one another as a result
of the operation of the implement in the soil.
(1) Note. The plurality of earth-engaging portions may be
different soil moving portions of tool or may be a tool and
runner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 657+ for plural tools which are relatively
movable as the result of operation.
subclasses 664+ for actuating means for plural relatively
adjustable tool or earth-engaging parts.
736 for selectively adjustable tool or earth- engaging
parts.
Subclass:
715
This subclass is indented under subclass 714. Apparatus in
which the implement is provided with a longitudinal portion
to receive the side pressure of the earth working element and
guide it, said portion comprising an element rotatable about
a substantially vertical axis to reduce friction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
669 for earth working elements with wheels which serve to
sustain a portion of the vertical load.
Subclass:
716
This subclass is indented under subclass 714. Apparatus in
which at least a part of the moldboard of a moldboard-type
implement is movable with respect to the point, share and
landside during operation.
(1) Note. For the definition of a moldboard-type implement
see subclass 754.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for an implement having a power- driven moldboard.
Subclass:
717
This subclass is indented under subclass 716. Apparatus in
which the movable moldboard comprises an endless element
which is caused to move by contact of the soil passing
thereover.
Subclass:
718
This subclass is indented under subclass 716. Apparatus in
which the movable moldboard comprises a member rotatable
about an axis lying in a plane substantially parallel to the
plane of movement of the soil over the moldboard.
Subclass:
719
With add-on cutting or wearing element applied directly over,
or onto, the original cutting element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
including an additional cutting or wearing edge, point, or
surface, which is adapted to be attached directly over or
onto the original cutting or wearing edge of the earth
working element without the removal of the original edge.
(1) Note. The additional element is usually attached to the
tool to act in place of a dulled edge or point.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701.1 for a particular cutting element on a bulldozer
blade.
subclasses 734+ or 772+, for a tool whose original cutting
element is adapted to be removed and replaced.
Subclass:
720
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising an earth working blade, usually operating in a
horizontal position, which operated below the surface of the
ground to make a horizontal cut or to lift the soil and
permit it to return to substantially the original position
without any lateral shifting thereof.
(1) Note. An earth working element which shifts soil
laterally and has a horizontal blade extension or portion
connected thereto is not included under this definition, but
is classified below on other bases.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 19+ for sod cutters having a horizontal blade
which operates below the surface of the ground to make a
horizontal cut.
699 for subsoil plows adapted to work deep in the soil
without any lateral movement or turning of the soil.
Subclass:
721
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element symmetrically arranged
with respect to the line of draft, i.e., parts on opposite
sides of the line of draft are mirror images of each other
and are arranged at the same position longitudinally of the
line of draft.
(1) Note. Patents are classified here by disclosure when a
claim includes any detail of the shape of the earth working
element.
(2) Note. An earth working element all parts of which lie in
a single plane and which is of square or rectangular shape
when viewed both in plan and front elevation is not included
under this definition.
(3) Note. An earth working element which is square or
rectangular when viewed in both plan and front elevation and
whose intersection with any vertical plane transverse to the
line of draft results in one or more straight lines is also
excluded from this definition. Thus, for example, an ordinary
scraper blade which is straight, transversely of the line of
draft and curved in end elevation, is excluded.
(4) Note. An earth working element which is symmetrical due
merely to an arrangement of earth working fingers, tines,
blades, or the like is not classified under this definition.
See subclass 766 for such earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 198+ for a V-shaped plow for
railway snow excavation, subclasses 266+ for a V-shaped plow
for roadway snow excavation and subclasses 366+ for
symmetrically shaped plows for ditching.
111, Planting, subclass 83 for lister plows; subclass 111
for a runner-type opener claimed in combination with a plant
setting machine; subclasses 124 and 125 for shoe- and
runner-type openers respectively, used in combination with a
liquid or gas soil treatment; and subclasses 152 and 153 for
shoe- and runner-type openers respectively, claimed in
combination with seed depositors.
Subclass:
722
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus in
which the earth working element has an earth breaking portion
and separately attached members or wings extending laterally
beyond the sides thereof and forming a continuation of said
portion the wings and earth-breaking portion together forming
a symmetrical implement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 193+ for an earth working implement and a
trailing sweep spaced therefrom so as to constitute separate
tools.
728 for a symmetrical tool with an attached runner or depth
gauge and also having blades extending from opposite sides of
the runner.
subclasses 765+ for a tool having dissimilar wings or a
wing extending from only one side thereof.
Subclass:
723
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Apparatus in
which the earth-breaking portion has a rearward and downward
inclination so as to break the earth by being drawn
therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
768 for draw-cut type earth working elements, per se.
Subclass:
724
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Apparatus in
which the wings are made of a single piece of material
separately attached to the earth-breaking portion.
Subclass:
725
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus in
which the earth working element includes a separate member
comprising a vertical cutting edge attached at the axis of
symmetry of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
752 for unsymmetrical tools having separable parts one of
which is a vertical longitudinal cutter.
Subclass:
726
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus in
which the earth working element includes separable like parts
(i.e., right and left hand) which are joined together or meet
at the line of symmetry of the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 722+ for symmetrical implements having an
earth-breaking portion (e.g., point) and separate wings
attached thereto.
Subclass:
727
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus
including a member separate from the earth-working element
and standard and adapted to slide over the earth to act as a
shoe, runner, or depth gauge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 240+ for apparatus having a wheel or runner
engageable with the ground for transport only.
360 for hand-guided or propelled implements having runners.
subclasses 387+ for implements provided with runners spaced
from the tools and see the definition and Notes thereof for
the line.
764 for tools with separate runners the tools being other
than the symmetrical type.
Subclass:
728
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Apparatus in
which the runner or depth gauge has connected thereto
opposite laterally extending earth working blades which are
additional to the earth working element, the device in its
entirety being symmetrical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 193+ for a tool for moving soil transversely of
the line of travel and a sweep or blade spaced rearwardly
thereof to act on the moved soil.
Subclass:
729
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Apparatus in
which the relative positions of the earth working element and
runner or depth gauge may be selectively changed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
665 for actuating means for relatively adjusting a tool and
runner.
738 for relatively adjustable tools and runners, the tools
being of other than the symmetrical type.
Subclass:
730
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus
comprising oppositely extending wing portions forming a
V-shape when viewed in plan or front elevation and having a
portion extending upwardly from the central portion of the V
for attachment to a standard, all of said portions being
integral.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
733 for V-shaped symmetrical tools.
Subclass:
731
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus in
which the earth working element has a given dimension
transverse to the direction of travel at a lower portion
thereof which dimension decreases at a portion of the element
vertically spaced upwardly from the lower portion.
(1) Note. A tool having a reduced upward extension merely to
form an attaching means for the tool is not included under
this definition.
Subclass:
732
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus in
which the earth working element has the appearance of an
isosceles triangle when viewed in plan or front elevation.
(1) Note. The triangular blade may have an integral or
separately attached shank to the upper portion for connection
to a standard or frame.
Subclass:
733
This subclass is indented under subclass 721. Apparatus in
which the earth working element has the appearance of a V
when viewed in plan all parts of the element having
substantially the same vertical extent.
Subclass:
734
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which an earth working element or part thereof is selectively
held in different positions with respect to the frame or
standard.
(1) Note. See the class definition for the definition of
"adjustable".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
372 for hand-held tools having adjustable parts.
subclasses 383+ for angularly adjustable wheels.
subclasses 395+ for wheels vertically adjustable relative
to a frame.
subclasses 518+ for adjustable rolling implements.
605 for an implement adjustment utilizing the draft force on
a shiftable hitch.
613 for plural relatively adjustable tools.
subclasses 669+ for tools adjustable on a wheeled frame.
subclasses 679+ for adjustable draft members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 382+ and
the search there noted for an earth boring bit having an
adjustable cutter element.
Subclass:
735
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Apparatus in
which the earth working element or a part thereof is
adjustable to direct a distinct cutting edge or portion in
active earth working engagement with the soil.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for diverse tools which may be used alternately only.
subclasses 703+ for a tool or tool part reversible through
180 deg. to present a different tool or portion thereof to
the soil.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 383 for an
earth-boring bit having a cutter element which is adjustable
to present a different cutting edge.
Subclass:
736
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Apparatus
wherein two or more earth-engaging parts of a single earth
working element are selectively adjustable, one with respect
to the other.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
(2) Note. The plural earth-engaging parts may be different
soil-moving parts of a single tool or may be a tool and
runner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 613+ for plural relatively adjustable distinct
tools.
subclasses 664+ for relatively adjustable tool or earth-
engaging parts having an actuator to accomplish the
adjustment.
subclasses 722+ for symmetrical tools having separate wings
which may be adjustable.
782 for a scraper mounted between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle and a laterally offset scraper part
adjustable with respect to the scraper and for forming an
inclined earth shoulder.
815 for a transversely elongated blade mounted ahead of a
motor vehicle, said blade having relatively adjustable
earth-engaging parts.
Subclass:
737
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Apparatus in
which provision is made for adjusting at least one of the
elements as it is worn, through contact with the earth, to
compensate for such wear.
Subclass:
738
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Apparatus
wherein the implement comprises an earth working element and
a separate member adapted to slide on the ground, to act as a
runner and the two are adjustable with respect to each
other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 387+ for implements having runners spaced from
the tools and see the definition and Notes thereof for the
line.
665 for actuating means for relatively adjusting a tool and
runner or depth gauge.
729 for a relatively adjustable symmetrical tool and
runner.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, subclasses 134+ for the combination of a
gauged earth working tool and a planting device (e.g., seed
depositor).
Subclass:
739
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is adjustable about an axis
transverse to the line of travel, the axis substantially
paralleling the earth surface.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
740
This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element is connected to a standard
by adjustable means which permits rotation of said element
about the transverse axis. The standard is the generally
vertically extending member to which the tool is connected
and which is in turn connected to a frame or beam member.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
Subclass:
741
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Apparatus in
which the earth-engaging element is adjustable laterally of
the line of travel.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for implements located forward of the rear of a
self-propelled vehicle and having an actuator for lateral
adjustment.
subclasses 446+ for an implement with a mast-type hitch and
laterally adjustable.
subclasses 476+ for implements liftable for transport on a
wheeled frame and also laterally adjustable.
667 for a laterally adjustable tool having an actuator for
changing the tool position.
673 for a tool laterally adjustable with respect to a
wheeled frame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 384 for an
earth-boring bit having a laterally adjustable cutter
element.
Subclass:
742
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is angularly adjustable with
respect to the line of travel, about an axis that is
substantially vertical.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
447 for an apparatus comprising a mast- type hitch and a
tool adjustable about a vertical axis.
477 for an earth working element liftable on a wheeled frame
by means other than a mast-type hitch and adjustable about a
vertical axis.
600 for a disc gang which is vertically adjustable about a
vertical axis.
603 for a horizontally, angularly adjustable disc.
Subclass:
743
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Apparatus
wherein the earth working element is adjustable about an axis
extending in the line of travel and parallel to the earth.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
600 for a disc gang which is mounted for tilting about a
longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
744
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Apparatus in
which the earth working element is selectively adjustable so
as to vary the vertical distance between the frame and the
element.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see the class
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 452+ for actuating means for lifting a tool for
transport on a wheel frame.
668 for tools vertically adjustable with respect to wheel
frame by means of an actuator.
675 for tools vertically adjustable with respect to a wheel
frame.
Subclass:
745
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which parts of the apparatus are connected by heating the
parts to a plastic of fluid state and allowing the metals to
flow together with or without addition of other molten
metal.
(1) Note. This subclass includes depositing weld material on
a part of the apparatus as, for example, to replace a worn
portion.
Subclass:
746
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
comprising an earth working element having a straight
longitudinal portion to receive the side pressure of the
earth working element and guide it (such portion being
commonly known as a landside) and also having a portion
extended laterally outwardly beyond the landside on the side
opposite to that at which the main portion of the earth
working element is located.
Subclass:
747
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which a claim includes a recitation of the material of which
the implement or a part thereof is made.
(1) Note. A mere recitation that a tool is made of iron or
steel is excluded from this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
519 for a rolling tool having a yieldable material rim
(e.g., rubber).
612 for a fabric or flexible tool.
Subclass:
748
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which an earth working element is mounted so as to be movable
about an axis under some condition of operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
602 for a freely swayable single disc.
subclasses 705+ for spring-biased pivoted tools.
Subclass:
749
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which separable parts of the apparatus are so interfitted or
related as to remain in operative relation to one another
without the addition of a connecting or fastening member
which is intended to be entirely detached from the parts when
the parts are disconnected.
(1) Note. The disclosure of a separate fastening member
related to the joint being claimed is sufficient to exclude a
patent from this definition even though it is not claimed.
(2) Note. The "parts" of definition must be principal
portions of the apparatus such as, standard, moldboard, or
share. A mere portion of the connecting means such as a
bracket between two parts is not included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
753 for implement parts which are interfitted or interlocked
and also provided with a separate fastening member.
Subclass:
750
This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Apparatus in
which one of the members carries a resilient or resiliently
biased part which automatically engages and locks the other
part when the two parts are brought together in assembled
relationship.
Subclass:
751
This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Apparatus in
which one of the parts has attached thereto a relatively
movable fastener, clamp, or wedge member which is activated
after the parts are juxtaposed to secure or tighten the
parts.
(1) Note. The fastener, clamp, or wedge may be capable of
removal from the implement part, but if removal is not
necessary to accomplish the connection or disconnection,
classification is under this definition.
Subclass:
752
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which the earth working element has separately attached
thereto a substantially flat cutting blade lying in a
vertical longitudinal plane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 165+ for a tool having associated therewith a
separate vertical cutter spaced forwardly to cut a slit in
the earth in which the tool operates.
190 for separate tools one of which is a vertical
longitudinal blade.
725 for symmetrical tools with a vertical cutter on the
center line thereof.
765 for longitudinal planar blades, per se.
Subclass:
753
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which separable parts of an implement have portions which
interfit or interengage to lock the parts against movement in
at least three directions spaced 90 deg. apart in a single
plane before the addition of any separate fastening means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
704 for interlocked tool parts in which one of the tool
parts is reversible.
subclasses 749+ for similar devices in which no separate
fastening means is employed.
Subclass:
754
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which the tool is of the type having a landside to receive
the side pressure of the earth working element and to act as
a runner, a point for making an initial cut in the earth, a
share for making a substantially horizontal cut beneath the
surface to cut a slice of earth, and a moldboard to guide and
completely invert the furrow slice.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 366+ for similar ditching-type
excavating plows.
111, Planting subclass 126 for a moldboard furrow opener
claimed in combination with a liquid or gas soil treatment.
Subclass:
755
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Apparatus
including means to heat or add a lubricating material to the
moldboard-type implement to facilitate the passage of earth
thereover and reduce friction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 200 and 227 for heated snow plows.
Subclass:
756
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Apparatus in
which at least a part of the moldboard is perforated or an
open framework usually for the purpose of reducing friction
or clearing the furrow slice therefrom.
(1) Note. This definition does not include knives, bars,
etc., disposed at the exit edge of the moldboard for the
purpose of cutting or breaking the furrow slice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
766 for tools having spaced parallel earth working fingers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 83 for a
plow or cutter having a contiguous, fixed, inclined separator
foraminous separator element.
Subclass:
757
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Apparatus
having additional means to cause the furrow slice to remain
in contact with the entire moldboard and to prevent the slice
from breaking or parting from the moldboard prematurely.
Subclass:
758
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Apparatus
including at least one member for cutting or breaking the
furrow slice as it passes over or from the moldboard.
Subclass:
759
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Apparatus in
which in addition to the point, share, landside, and
moldboard there is provided a separable soil working or
deflector portion attached to or forming a continuation of
moldboard.
(1) Note. The moldboard must be capable of turning a furrow
slice over without the added member required for this
subclass. A mere moldboard made of plural sections would not
be included under this definition.
Subclass:
760
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Apparatus in
which a claim includes a recitation of the particular shape
of the moldboard for the earth guiding function.
(1) Note. This definition does not include those devices in
which the shape of some portion of the moldboard is recited
where such shape is merely for the purpose of cooperating
with some other part to accomplish a connection.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 765+ for earth working elements of specific
shape other than the moldboard type.
Subclass:
761
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Apparatus in
which the cutting edge or upper or lower surface of the point
or share is provided with serrations, notches, or channels to
enhance the earth working operation of the tool.
Subclass:
762
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
wherein significance is attributed to a means connecting (a)
the earth working element to (b) a generally vertically
oriented member extending between the element and a beam or
frame member.
Subclass:
763
Specific standard and beam connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
wherein significance is attributed to a means connecting a
generally vertically oriented member extending between the
earth working and a beam or frame member to the beam or frame
member.
Subclass:
764
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
including a member separate from the earth working element
and standard and adapted to slide over the surface of the
earth to act as a runner, depth gauge, or landslide.
(1) Note. The runner or gauge may be directly attached to
the earth working element or standard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 240+ for apparatus having a wheel or runner
engageable with the ground for transport only.
360 for hand-guided or propelled implements having runners.
subclasses 387+ for implements provided with runners spaced
from the tools and see the definition and Notes thereof for
the line.
665 for actuating means for relatively adjusting a tool and
runner.
subclasses 727+ for symmetrical tools having an attached
runner or depth gauge.
738 for a tool and runner which are relatively adjustable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting subclasses 134+ for the combination of a
gauged earth working tool and a planting device (e.g., seed
depositor).
Subclass:
765
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus in
which a claim includes a specific recitation of the shape of
the earth working element for the earth working function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 721+ for symmetrically shaped earth working
elements.
subclasses 754+ for moldboard-type implements and
particularly subclass 760 for specific moldboard shape.
Subclass:
766
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Apparatus
comprising a tool having an earth working portion and having
extended therefrom a plurality of distinct substantially
parallel similar earth working fingers, tines blades or the
like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 378+ for hand tools having a plurality of
prongs, teeth, or serrations.
subclasses 685+ for plural distinct tools.
subclasses 777+ for a scraper supporting a plurality of
readily removable, narrow depending tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 83 for a
digging member having trailing spaced tines or fingers to
separate objects such as plants or potatoes from the earth.
Subclass:
768
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Apparatus in
which the earth-breaking portion of the tool has a rearward
and downward inclination so as to break the earth by being
drawn therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
723 for winged symmetrical implements in which the
earth-breaking portion is of the draw-cut type.
Subclass:
769
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Apparatus in
which the earth working element comprises at least two
separate earth working or deflecting parts which are
detachably connected.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 714+ for tools having a plurality of earth-
engaging parts movable relative to one another during
operation.
719 for tools having an add-on cutting or wearing edge point
or surface.
subclasses 722+ for symmetrical tools having separately
attached wings.
725 for symmetrical tools having a separable vertical cutter
at the center line thereof.
726 for symmetrical tools having separable parts joined at
the line of symmetry of the tool.
subclasses 736+ for tools having plural relatively
adjustable earth-engaging parts.
subclasses 749+ for tools having plural parts
interconnected without separate fastening means.
752 for tools having separable parts wherein one of the
parts is a vertical longitudinal cutting blade.
753 for tools having separable parts which interlock or
interfit.
subclasses 754+ for moldboard-type tools having separable
parts.
772 for tools having plural separable parts and no shape of
the tool parts for the earth working function being claimed.
Subclass:
770
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Apparatus
wherein the tool comprises two portions or surfaces which
meet along a line so as to form a sharp angle therebetween of
substantially less than 180 deg..
Subclass:
771
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Apparatus in
which the earth working element has at least a portion of the
surface thereof which is curved.
(1) Note. A planar blade having a mere curved edge is not
included under this definition.
Subclass:
772
Removable tool portion (e.g., replaceable cutting or wearing
element for tool):
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
wherein the earth-engaging portion of the tool is separable
and replaceable.
(1) Note. Many of the patents included herein disclose a
tool having a portion adapted to be removed and replaced by a
corresponding portion when worn or damaged.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701.1 for transversely elongated blades having separable
parts.
745 for tools having parts which are welded together.
769 for tools of specific earth working shape having
separable parts, and see the search notes therein for other
tools having separable parts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 450 for a removable cutting edge or
tooth to be used on an excavating machine of the type found
in Class 37.
Subclass:
772.5
Portion is cutting edge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Apparatus
including an elongated portion at the bottom (i.e., the
ground-engaging part) of the tool which is removable from the
rest of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701.3 for a removable cutting edge on a transversely
elongated blade.
Subclass:
773
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Apparatus
wherein a claim includes details of the construction or shape
of the tool standard (i.e., a generally vertically extending
member to which the tool is connected and which is in turn
connected to a frame or beam member).
(1) Note. A vertical standard which is formed integral with
a horizontal frame member (e.g., plow beam) is included under
this definition.
Subclass:
774
This subclass is indented under subclass 773. Apparatus in
which the standard is so shaped as to dispose the center line
of the lower end of the standard to one side of the upper end
thereof.
Subclass:
775
This subclass is indented under subclass 773. Apparatus in
which a separate bracing member is provided between the
standard and beam or frame to which the standard is
connected.
Subclass:
776
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus not otherwise provided for.
(1) Note. For example, in this subclass are classified
miscellaneous frames for earth working apparatus in which the
claims do not include the earth working means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 143 for
frames.
Subclass:
777
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a scraper and an earth working tool
which is relatively narrow in a horizontal lateral direction
in its intended position of use, the tool being disclosed as
mounted on the grading scraper in such fashion that at least
the lower earth working portion of said tool extends
downwardly beyond the lower edge of the grading scraper to
that during operation the scraper supports the tool and (1)
the tool is readily removable from the scraper or (2) the
tool is movably attached to the scraper so that it may be
positioned to work the earth or not work the earth, or the
depth of earth penetration may be changed.
(1) Note. The tool must be disclosed as mounted on the
transverse blade or moldboard portion of the scraper rather
than on the wing portion or some structure which supports the
scraper. Such device will be found in subclass 197.
(2) Note. For the meaning of "scraper" see the definition of
subclass 781.
(3) Note. A claim to the combination of a scraper and a
readily removable depending earth working tool is classified
under this definition even if the scraper is claimed by name
only as a support for the tool. Also a claim to a tool with
some special adaptation for attachment to a scraper is
classified under this definition.
(4) Note. Apparatus under this definition is typically used
to scarify or break up roadways and may be called a road
ripper, dozer scarifier, or the like.
Subclass:
778
This subclass is indented under subclass 777. Apparatus in
which the earth working tool is attached to the scraper by
means at the top and bottom edges of the scraper acting to
clamp the tool to the scraper.
Subclass:
779
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus, comprising a scraper associated with a frame for
traversing the earth whose position relative to the frame is
controlled by a mechanical linkage arrangement so that when
the scraper passes over a raised section of earth it is
lowered relative to the frame and when it passes over a low
section of earth it is raised relative to the frame whereby
an approximately level surface of the earth is created as the
scraper traverses the earth, all without the intervention of
a human operator.
(1) Note. Typically in apparatus under this definition a
ground wheel may move relative to a frame carrying the
grading scraper and a linkage connects the wheel and grading
scraper so that as the wheel moves up relative to the frame
the scraper moves down relative to the frame and as the wheel
moves down relative to the frame the scraper moves up
relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4.5 for automatically controlled power means for shifting
the position of a scraper in order to achieve a level
surface.
239 for apparatus having a linkage whereby the position of
an earth working element is controlled in certain ways in
response to draft forces, pitching of a propelling device or
ground level.
398 for a vertically adjustable ground support
interconnected with a tool by linkage so movement of one
influences movement of the other.
subclasses 811+ for a scraper positioned in front of a
motor vehicle and maintained in a horizontal position as the
ground supports of the vehicle move over irregular terrain so
that the vehicle tilts sidewise.
Subclass:
780
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a scraper supported intermediate the
ends of an unusually long longitudinally extending supporting
structure with separate ground support means at each end, the
unusually long supporting structure tending to smooth out
undulations in the earth to produce a finished, generally
planar surface.
(1) Note. For the meaning of "scraper" see the definition of
subclass 781.
(2) Note. The unusually long supporting structure must have
one portion thereof extending a substantial distance from the
scraper to the front support means and another portion
thereof extending a substantial distance to the rear support
means to present an elongated supporting base for materially
reducing the effect of undulations in the soil on the
scraper.
(3) Note. Patents are classified under this definition on a
disclosure basis if the claim has any reference to the
supporting structure. The supporting structure may be
disclosed as supported at one or both ends by a separate
vehicle or vehicles.
Subclass:
781
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which a scraper is located between spaced front
and rear ground supports of a vehicle, the ground supports
being either wheels or wheel substitutes having no
substantial earth working function.
(1) Note. A "scraper" under this definition is an earth
working tool, at least a substantial portion of which is
laterally or diagonally disposed and has a substantially
vertically disposed face having a lower straight edge which
functions to scrape earth from or slide the same along the
surface of the earth to form a smooth planar surface. A tool
which is disclosed as intended to cultivate the soil, or to
make a furrow or a trench is not considered to be a scraper
and is classifiable on other features. A scraper under this
definition is frequently called a "road grader".
(2) Note. The vehicle must be a unitary stable vehicle. A
scraper mounted between a vehicle and the ground support
means of a device which is essentially a separate trailing
vehicle or pushed vehicle is not included. Such devices are
classified on other features in various subclasses.
(3) Note. A scraper is considered to be between the front
and rear ground supports only if at least a portion of the
scraper in a plan view is located within a polygonal area
defined by a perimeter formed by lines connecting the center
points of the front and rear supports, e.g., in the ordinary
vehicle having front and rear wheels, within the rectangle
formed by the lines connecting the center lines of the
wheels.
(4) Note. A device comprising a vehicle having separate
front and rear ground supports which are adjustable relative
to the framework of the vehicle so that they support the
framework during transport only and not during use of the
scraper for its intended function is not included. Such
devices are classified on other features in various other
subclasses.
(5) Note. Patents having a specific disclosure of a scraper
located between front and rear ground supports of a vehicle
are classified under this definition even if the location is
not claimed, provided that some reference to the vehicle is
made in the claims.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 63+ for apparatus comprising a driven tool such
as a scraper which may be between front and rear vehicle
supports.
780 for a scraper between the front and rear supports of a
specially elongated vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclass 411, especially subclass 412 for
scoops mounted between front and rear ground supports of a
vehicle. The distinction between a scoop and a scraper is
that a scoop has a bottom surface for transporting the earth
while a scraper has no bottom and pushes earth ahead of it
while the earth rests on the surface of the undisturbed earth
beneath.
Subclass:
782
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which in addition to the scraper between the front and rear
ground supports there is another earth working tool which is
adapted to be used to form a planar surface which is
positioned completely laterally beyond the surface formed by
the scraper and completely laterally beyond the perimeter
delineated by the front and rear ground supports, and which
is inclined to the horizontal and relative to the surface
formed by the scraper.
(1) Note. The additional tool may be a separate member or an
extension of the scraper.
(2) Note. When the apparatus is being used to form a
shoulder the scraper may be positioned, for example, above a
concrete road and not actually be used to form an earth
surface.
Subclass:
783
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which the scraper has a wheel or wheel substitute intimately
associated therewith which is separate and distinct from the
vehicle ground supports.
(1) Note. The wheel or wheel substitute under this
definition may incidentally have an earth working function
but an element which is intended to have an earth working
function or a side earth retaining wall of a scraper is not
included even though the lower edge or surface of said
element or wall functions as a ground support. Scrapers with
such elements or walls are classified on other features,
though they should be cross-referenced to this subclass if
structurally similar to scrapers with ground supports.
Subclass:
784
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus
including an earth working element which differs in size or
shape from the scraper and so is diverse, the diverse element
being capable of working the earth at the same time as the
scraper or adjustable in the apparatus to work the earth
alternatively to the scraper.
(1) Note. A diverse earth working element under this
definition may comprise any distinctly different portion of
the scraper which causes classification under the definition
of subclass 781.
(2) Note. A wing or vertical plate which extends
longitudinally and acts to confine earth loosened by a
scraper or other earth working element is not considered a
diverse element under this definition.
(3) Note. An earth working element which differs from
another by being merely a mirror image, e.g., for pushing
earth to the left instead of the right, is not considered
diverse under this definition.
(4) Note. The difference between the earth working element
and the scraper does not have to be claimed. If a claim
refers to an earth working element which is disclosed as
diverse, this is sufficient for classification under this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 63+ for an apparatus comprising a driven earth
working element and a nondriven earth working element which
may be a scraper.
777 for a scraper and a detachable narrow depending earth
working element.
782 for an apparatus comprising a scraper between front and
rear vehicle supports and a laterally offset inclined
shoulder forming tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 403+ for a scraper combined with
a scoop shovel or the like.
Subclass:
785
This subclass is indented under subclass 784. Apparatus in
which the diverse earth working element is an element other
than a scraper and is positioned in front of and spaced from
the scraper when they are both in working position, the
scraper and the diverse element working the earth in the same
or overlapping paths.
(1) Note. An apparatus with a diverse earth working element
which is connected to the earth-contacting portion of the
scraper so as to be closely associated therewith does not
come within this definition even if it precedes and is
slightly spaced from the scraper, and is classified in the
generic subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
777 for a scraper supporting a readily removable narrow
depending tool which may precede the scraper.
Subclass:
786
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which there are a plurality of scrapers.
(1) Note. Plural scraping blades secured to a backing member
or members to form a unitary means are not considered to be
plural scrapers, the whole assemblage being considered a
single scraper.
(2) Note. A plurality of scrapers may comprise any
combination of parts (other than described in (1) Note) if
two or more of the parts are each identifiable individually
as constituting a scraper. A V scraper, for example, is
considered to comprise two scrapers if each arm of the V fits
the definition of a scraper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 784+ for a scraper between front and rear
vehicle ground supports in combination with a diverse earth
working tool.
Subclass:
787
This subclass is indented under subclass 786. Apparatus in
which the plural scrapers work the earth in the same or
overlapping paths and are spaced from each other.
(1) Note. Scrapers which are adjustable relative to each
other are considered to come within the definition if they
meet the requirements of the definition in some positions of
adjustment even if in other positions they do not meet the
requirements.
(2) Note. Scrapers which are connected to each other in the
earth-contacting portion so as to function as a unit (which
may be composed of adjustable sections pivoting about the
point of connection) are not considered to come within the
definition even if the scrapers overlap and are spaced from
each other. Such scrapers may be classified in subclass 786.
Subclass:
788
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which the scraper is attached to the forward end of a
generally longitudinally extending frame which is attached to
the vehicle frame at a location in back of the scraper so as
to push the scraper when it is performing its earth working
function.
(1) Note. The longitudinally extending frame under this
definition must be one which transmits the principal
propelling force (at least 50%) from the vehicle to the
scraper rather than a mere stabilizing strut or adjusting
link. Whether or not a frame meets this criterium is usually
a decision made after a consideration of the total disclosure
to determine the stress distribution inherently present in
the apparatus.
(2) Note. The frame may be nothing more than a single
strut.
(3) Note. The phrase "generally longitudinally extending"
means that when the scraper is in working position the frame
extends more in a longitudinal direction than in a vertical
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for an earth working element other than a scraper
between the front and rear of a motor vehicle and attached to
a push bar.
Subclass:
789
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which the scraper is attached to a generally longitudinally
extending frame which is attached to the vehicle frame by a
hitch allowing pivotal movement of the longitudinally
extending frame with respect to the vehicle frame, and there
is an actuator for moving the hitch or parts thereof so that
the locus in the hitch about which pivotal movement takes
place is moved relative to the vehicle frame.
(1) Note. The frame may be nothing more than a strut.
(2) Note. The phrase "generally longitudinally extending"
means that when the scraper is in working position the frame
extends more in a longitudinal direction than in a vertical
direction.
Subclass:
790
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which the scraper is adjustably mounted on the vehicle frame
and in which there is a means for facilitating the adjustment
by at least partially counterbalancing the weight of the
scraper.
(1) Note. Included under this definition is a counterbalance
means which more than compensates for the weight of the
scraper and is the sole means for moving the scraper to an
adjusted position against the force of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
506 for a spring-assisted or spring actuator for lifting a
tool for transport on a wheeled frame.
Subclass:
791
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus
comprising three or more actuators, each operable
independently of the others to adjust the position of the
scraper relative to the vehicle frame extending between the
front and rear ground supports, and acting between the frame
and scraper.
(1) Note. If a single power source, such as an engine power
take off or hand wheel, is connected by clutches to end
elements, such as shafts, links or the like, so that a
plurality of such elements can each be moved independently of
each other to adjust the position of the scraper, then these
are considered to be plural, independently operable actuators
corresponding in number to the number of independently
movable adjustment points.
Subclass:
792
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Apparatus in
which the grading scraper is supported from the vehicle frame
by a means including a circular ring or ring portion which
lies in a generally horizontal plane when the scraper cutting
edge is horizontal and the scraper is adjustable relative to
the vehicle frame about the axis of the ring or ring
portion.
Subclass:
793
This subclass is indented under subclass 792. Apparatus in
which one or more of the actuators is operatively connected
between the vehicle's frame and the ring or ring portion and
effective when operated to bodily move said ring or ring
portion from one position of adjustment to another in a
substantially lateral direction relative to said vehicle
frame.
(1) Note. A scraper is usually provided with lift means at
each end whereby it may be angled in a vertical plane. Such
lift means may be operated to cause some lateral shifting of
the ring but they are not ring-shifting means of this
definition. The actuator of this definition is an added
actuator whose principal function is to bodily shift the ring
or ring portion laterally.
Subclass:
794
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which the scraper or a portion of the scraper is movably
mounted relative to the vehicle frame and there is a
resilient means for yieldably urging said scraper or portion
into ground contact.
(1) Note. The resilient means is considered to yieldably
urge the scraper or scraper portion into ground contact even
if it is disclosed as used so that it does not urge the
scraper or part in a vertical direction against the ground
but instead yieldably urges the scraper or part against an
obstacle on the ground when the scraper or part is traversing
the ground and contacts the obstacle in the path of
traverse.
Subclass:
795
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus
comprising an actuator for adjusting the position of the
scraper relative to the vehicle frame extending between the
front and rear supports and acting between the frame and
scraper, the actuator being recited in a claim with some
significant detail of its structure or relationship to the
rest of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
789 for apparatus comprising an actuator for bodily shifting
a scraper subframe draft connection to thereby adjust the
scraper.
subclasses 791+ for a scraper adjusted relative to the
vehicle frame by three or more independent actuators. Such
actuators commonly comprise actuators for adjusting the
scraper about a longitudinal horizontal axis, about a
vertical axis and about a horizontal transverse axis through
a hitch connecting a scraper- supporting frame to the vehicle
frame. Significant disclosures of actuators for tilting the
scraper about a horizontal transverse axis adjacent its
immediate support or for adjusting the scraper in the
direction of its own longitudinal axis should be
cross-referenced to subclass 795.
Subclass:
796
This subclass is indented under subclass 795. Apparatus in
which the actuator adjusts the scraper about a vertical
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 791+ for a scraper adjusted relative to the
vehicle frame by three or more actuators, one of which is for
adjusting the scraper about a vertical axis.
Subclass:
797
This subclass is indented under subclass 795. Apparatus in
which the actuator adjusts the scraper about an axis lying in
a horizontal plane and extending in the direction of the line
of travel of the vehicle.
(1) Note. An axis lying in a horizontal plane and
perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the scraper is
considered to be an axis under this definition.
(2) Note. Devices under this definition usually comprise a
pair of actuators which may be operated together to lift the
scraper about a horizontal transverse axis passing through a
draft connection.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 782+ for a shoulder-forming scraper and an
actuator for tilting it about a generally longitudinal axis.
subclasses 791+ for a grading scraper adjusted relative to
the vehicle frame by three or more actuators, including one
or more actuators for adjusting the scraper about a
horizontal longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
798
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus in
which there is an actuator for angling the axis of rotation
of a ground wheel by changing its position in a transverse
substantially vertical plane with respect to the vehicle
frame which extends between the front and rear ground
supports.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 5.52 for a land vehicle of
general utility including an active suspension responsive to
a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface
traversing motion for governing a spatial relationship
between structural elements of the running gear; subclasses
6.154+ for a land vehicle of general utility including means,
interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and
running gear thereof, for predisposing a load, load carrier,
or receptacle portion so as to accommodate sustained travel
upon an expansive inclined surface; or subclasses 80.1+ for
specific details of running gear construction applicable to a
land vehicle of general utility.
Subclass:
799
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Apparatus
comprising a means to change the horizontal angular direction
of the axis of rotation of a ground wheel relative to the
vehicle frame which extends between the the front and rear
ground supports (e.g., for steering the vehicle, etc.), the
means being claimed with some specificity.
(1) Note. Means for changing the direction of a freely
swiveling caster by swinging the vehicle are not included.
There must be some means for positively causing the wheel to
turn with respect to the vehicle.
Subclass:
799.5
TOWED SCRAPER WITH GROUND SUPPORT WHEELS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an implement mounting a scraper blade is
adapted to be connected at its forward end to a towing
vehicle and includes a rolling support device (i.e., a
wheel).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4.5 for a scraper which is automatically power-controlled
for leveling.
26.5 for a dragline scraper.
72 for a driven tool followed by a leveling drag or furrow
shaper.
189 and 612, for flexible implements including flexible
matlike drags.
197 and 199+, for diverse tools, one of which comprises a
drag or smoother.
445.1 for a scraper mounted on a frame which is supported on
the rear of a vehicle by a three-point hitch.
684.5 for a dragged scraper on a supporting frame.
subclasses 777+ for a scraper supporting a narrow depending
tool.
779 for a scraper whose position is controlled by a linkage
for leveling.
780 and 781+, for a scraper between front and rear vehicle
supports.
subclasses 810+ for a scraper ahead of a motor vehicle.
Subclass:
810
MOUNTING FOR PUSHED TOOL AT END OF MOTOR VEHICLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which a mounting mechanism is provided for
connecting an earth working element to, and ahead of, a
self-propelled vehicle.
(1) Note. Basic subject matter for this subclass, and those
indented hereunder, is the mounting means (e.g., a frame and
adjusting linkage) intermediate a tool and a vehicle. The
tool, the vehicle, or a control system for the adjusting
linkage may be claimed as well, but this is not necessary for
classification herein.
(2) Note. The earth working element is in front of the
vehicle in its direction of travel when the element is in
use. Included in this subclass, and those indented hereunder,
are patents disclosing a tool attached to the rear of a
vehicle, but wherein the vehicle moves in its normally
reverse direction when using the tool.
(3) Note. A significant portion of the earth working element
must be located ahead of a transverse line corresponding to
the axis of the front wheels, or forward track idlers, of the
vehicle. However, a tool comprising a transversely elongated
blade, such as a bulldozer, may be angled (i.e., pivoted
within a horizontal plane about a generally vertical axis) so
that a portion of the blade is to the rear of said transverse
line and outside the perimeter of the vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 681+ for a tool, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclass for a vehicle, per
se.
Subclass:
811
Transversely mounted blade (e.g., bulldozer, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 810. Apparatus in
which the earth working element has a vertical, generally
planar, earth working portion extended in its dimension
transverse to the vehicle's direction of travel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701.1 for a blade, per se.
Subclass:
812
With valve or pump for hydraulic control system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus
wherein adjustment of the blade is performed by a control
system which incorporates fluid circuitry, and including
means for producing or controlling fluid pressure within the
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, for a hydraulic motor,
per se.
Subclass:
813
Fluid line specifically arranged, or shield for system
component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus
wherein (a) significance is attributed to a particular
location for the system's hydraulic lines, or (b) structure
is recited which serves as a protective covering for some
portion or element of the system.
Subclass:
814
Having means controlling drive for interconnected vehicles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus
wherein a blade is powered by a plurality of vehicles, each
having its motive control operatively connected one with the
other.
(1) Note. The vehicles may be side by side so each is
directly linked to the blade, or they may be in tandem
arrangement (i.e., one behind the other) so that only the
vehicle in front is directly linked to the blade. However,
one vehicle simply pushing another, each independently
operated, is not considered appropriate for this subclass.
Subclass:
815
Contiguous, relatively adjustable blades; or blade having
relatively adjustable earth-engaging parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus in
which (a) an auxiliary blade is mounted so as to be adjacent
to, and adjustable with respect to, the main blade; or (b)
the blade's working face is comprised of plural parts which
can be adjusted with respect to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701.1 for particular blade structure, per se, and especially
for a blade having removable parts.
Subclass:
816
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Blade mounting
includes resilient connection: Apparatus wherein an
elastically deformable element is interposed in some portion
of the mounting means to provide resiliency to the blade
support.
Subclass:
817
Removable attachment for general purpose vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus which
is particularly designed as an accessory to be selectively
installed upon, and removed from, a general purpose vehicle.
(1) Note. Especially common in this subclass are blade
attachments for wheeled farm tractors, which tractors are
capable of powering a variety of tools; but this subclass is
not limited to a certain type of vehicle.
Subclass:
818
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Blade angle
adjustable in a horizontal plane: Apparatus including means
to maintain the blade in any one of a plurality of selected
angular orientations with respect to the longitudinal
centerline of the vehicle within a generally horizontal
plane.
(1) Note. "Angle" is the art term which refers to this
adjustment.
Subclass:
819
Power-operated adjusting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Apparatus
including a power system for moving the blade from one
angular orientation to another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclass for
a hydraulic motor, per se.
Subclass:
820
Blade angled about fixed, central, generally vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 819. Apparatus
wherein the blade is connected to the mounting means at a
point which does not move laterally and lies in a vertical
plane that includes the longitudinal centerline of the
vehicle, so that it pivots about a generally vertical axis
through that point.
Subclass:
821
And tilt of blade adjustable in a generally vertical plane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 820. Apparatus
including a mechanism which maintains the working edge of the
blade in selected angular orientations with respect to ground
within a generally vertical plane.
(1) Note. "Tilt" is the art term which refers to this
adjustment.
Subclass:
822
And tilt of blade adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 819. Apparatus
including a mechanism which maintains the working edge of the
blade in selected angular orientations with respect to ground
within a generally vertical plane.
(1) Note. "Tilt" is the art term which refers to this
adjustment.
Subclass:
823
And tilt of blade adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Apparatus
including a mechanism which maintains the working edge of the
blade in selected angular orientations with respect to ground
within a generally vertical plane.
(1) Note. "Tilt" is the art term which refers to this
adjustment.
Subclass:
824
Having adjustable tilt of angularly fixed blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus
including means to maintain the working edge of the blade in
any one of a plurality of selected angular orientations with
respect to ground within a generally vertical plane.
(1) Note. "Tilt" is the art term which refers to this
adjustment.
Subclass:
825
About a pivot axis fixed to mounting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 824. Apparatus
wherein the blade is connected to the mounting means so that
it pivots about a generally stationary axis.
Subclass:
826
Including adjustable length device between mounting means and
upper corner portion of blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 824. Apparatus
having a variable length device (e.g., a jack, hydraulic
cylinder, etc.) connecting a part of the blade at its lateral
end, and at or near the top thereof, with the mounting
mechanism.
(1) Note. Many of the patents included herein also disclose
diagonal-bracing devices extending laterally between the
blade and the mounting means.
Subclass:
827
Having means to prevent lateral movement of mounting or
blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus
including means extending between the vehicle and the blade
or mounting mechanism for limiting lateral movement of the
blade or mounting mechanism relative to the vehicle.
(1) Note. Examples of means provided for herein include (a)
a strut which links either the blade or the mounting
mechanism to the vehicle, or (b) a slotted member attached to
the vehicle which embraces the mounting mechanism to guide it
in vertical movement.
Subclass:
828
With power means for raising and lowering blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus which
includes a power system for causing vertical movement of the
blade.
Subclass:
829
Including elongated flexible element (e.g., cable) connecting
power means to tool or mounting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Apparatus in
which the power system is connected to either the blade or a
part of the mounting mechanism by a cable, rope, chain, or
similar means.
Subclass:
830
Power means is fluid servomotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Apparatus in
which the power system includes a device which has a piston
movable within a cylinder by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
831
Plural servomotors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 830. Apparatus in
which there are a plurality of fluid-pressure devices.
Subclass:
832
With blade-carried ground support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 811. Apparatus in
which the earth working blade mounts a skid, wheel, or wheel
substitute which is separate and distinct from the motor
vehicle ground-support means.
Subclass:
833
Tool prepares wheel path for passage of wheel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 810. Apparatus in
which the tool is positioned ahead of the vehicle wheel or
wheel substitute to smooth or level the soil in the path
thereof.
Subclass:
834
With tool-carried ground support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 810. Apparatus in
which either the tool or the mounting means holds a skid,
wheel, or wheel substitute which is separate and distinct
from the motor vehicle ground-support means.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
PLANT THINNERS:
This art collection is intended to collect all plant thinners
which have an earth working function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 5+ for plant thinners having plant sensing means
which actuate automatic power control means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 1.43 for plant thinners which
do not have an earth working function.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000